نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال بیست و یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی 88، آذر و دی 1397)

 The main purpose of this study has been to compare the early maladaptive schemas, sexual knowledge and attitude among applicant for divorce and ordinary couples.

In this descriptive study, a sample of 182 cases (91 divorce applicant and 91 ordinary couples) fulfilled sexual knowledge and attitude scale and early maladaptive schemas scale. Data analyzed through one-variable and multivariate of variance analysis.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between applicant for divorce and ordinary couples in terms of early maladaptive schemas, sexual knowledge and attitude (P<0.05).

Divorce applicant couples have higher primary maladaptive schemas, and lower scores in sexual knowledge and attitude compared to ordinary couples.

 The concept of peace as a personality trait needs permanent patterns of behaviors, states and attitudes during different times and contexts (individual, interpersonal and international). The aim of this study was determining predictive variables in personal peacefulness with regards to gender and marital status.

The study consisted of four stages. In first stage, using a sample of 30 volunteer students, peace related variables were categorized. In second stage of the study, applying R-3.3.3 the correlation among 22 aforementioned variables was identified. In third stage, three multivariate regression analyses were calculated to predict personal peacefulness based on other peace-related variables using SPSS-23. In last stage, gender and marital status differences in answer to peace scales were analyzed using MANOVA on a sample of 206 students. 

The findings of the first stage of the study categorized peace-related variables in three groups (cognitive, emotional and relational). The findings of the second stage of the study showed the correlation matrix among variables. The results of the third stage demonstrated that conflict resolution, connectedness to nature, self-compassion and sense of humor were significant predictors of personal peacefulness in group of relational variables (R2 = 0.89). In group of emotional variables; hope, mind reading, aggression and harmony were significant predictors of personal peacefulness (R2 = 0.89). In group of cognitive variables; inhibition and need for cognition were significant predictors of personal peacefulness (R2 = 0.93). The findings of last stage of the study showed a significant main effect of marital status and gender for intra and inter-personal peacefulness. Further, the interaction between gender and marital status was significant only for interpersonal peacefulness. 

In general terms, there are many psychological variables which may affect personal peacefulness. Discovering those variables leads us to new promoting peace-health educations. It is important to consider gender and marital status differences in designing more precise interventions.

 Examining the divers dimensions of intelligence and constructing instruments related to assess it, is one of the most considerable issues in psychology. The aim of the present research was to examine the psychometric properties of Persian version of the test of personal intelligence in a sample of Iranian university students.

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study included total students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2017-2018 academic years. Among them, three-hundred and seventy in a range from eighteen to thirty-three years with B.sc and M.sc degrees were selected as a sample group by simple random sampling method. They completed personal intelligence, social intelligence, emotional intelligence and cognitive emotion regulation questionnaires. Cronbach’s alpha was used for examining internal consistency of the test and Pearson correlation coefficient for examining concurrent validity. Three psychologists’ ideas were used for identifying content validity. Finally, confirmatory analysis was used by AMOS18 for examining construct validity.

Pearson correlation coefficients showed that among two factors, guiding choices with information of personality factor had the greatest correlation (r=0.70) with total scale. Also, the results of the present study showed that Persian version of the test of personal intelligence and its two factors have a proper validity (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86) in a student’s population.

It is concluded form the results that Persian version of the test of personal intelligence is valid and reliable test to examine this dimension of intelligence.

 Gray has provided a bio-ecological model of the character and personality based on brain-behavioral system, which constitutes basis for individual variants, and activities of each of them leads to different emotional responses, such as anxiety and other emotional states. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between type D personality and sensitivity to reinforcement and latent anxiety in students with type D personality.

For this purpose, 600 students (240 boys and 360 girls) from various faculties of Persian Gulf University who were studying in 2013-2014 academic year, were selected randomly using cluster sampling stage, completed type D personality scale, Jackson sensitivity to reinforcement (2009) and Spielberger Anxiety Inventories (1970). After screening, 111 patients were identified as type D personality, and finally, statistical data were analyzed through regression analysis.

The results obtained from regression analysis showed that type D personality has positive and significant relationship with variables of behavioral inhibition system and fight-flight and freeze system, and had negative significant correlation with behavioral activation system. Also, regression analysis results showed that type D personality had a positive and significant associated with latent anxiety in students.

According to the findings, determining the exact position of type D personality in personality systems which are based on bio-behavioral model, increase our understanding of mechanisms underlying properties of type D personality, emotions and emotional response.

 People have always been seeking inner peace to satisfy basic psychological needs and find new meaning for their suffering. In this way, protection of the human values ​​has been prioritized with the help of psychological capitals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the basic psychological needs on the meaning in life through the mediating roles of the psychological capital and human values.

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of all nurses working in hospitals in Kermanshah (2017) that 500 individuals were selected as the sample using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Deci and Ryan Scale of Psychological Needs (2000), Luthan’s  Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007), Schwarz’s Scale of Human Values (1994) and Steger et al. Meaning in life Questionnaire (2006) were used as the measuring tools. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used

The findings indicated that in general, the hypothesized model was fitted with the data, and the direct effects of basic psychological needs, psychological capital, and human values ​​on the meaning in life were significant. Also, psychological capital had a direct and significant effect on human values. In addition, the indirect and significant effects of basic psychological needs on human values ​​and psychological capital on the meaning in life were confirmed (P<0.01).

Based on the results, the basic psychological needs, human values and psychological capitals can largely predict the meaning of life in the nurses. Further, by improving these three variables, we can increase the meaning of life in these cases.

The concept of need is one of the most widely used terms in various social sciences. One of these needs in terms of science and education is educational need. This research conducted to investigate the educational needs of addiction practitioners (physicians and psychologists) in Mashhad city.

In this descriptive study, 100 addiction practitioners (physicians and psychologists) working in hospitals and addiction treatment centers in Mashhad in 2017 were selected randomly. The research tool was a 27-items researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and descriptive and inferential tests such as Friedman test and T test.

According to the results, 54.6% of the participants were physicians and 45.4% were psychologists. The most common educational needs of participants were "Risk Assessment Knowledge and Identification of Psychiatric and Addiction Emergencies" with 4.2%, and the minimum training need was "Knowledge of Traditional Medicine, Recognition and Use of Herbal Drugs for Substance Abuse Treatment" with 3.22%. The first educational need of physicians was "Knowledge about the Pharmacology of Maintenance and Withdrawal Medicines" with 18.65% and the first need for psychologists "The Skills of Conducting Interviews and Psychological counseling for the Family of Patients with Substance Abuse" with 18.33%.

The comparison of the mean of educational needs scores showed that at the descriptive level, the educational needs of physicians did not differ significantly with the educational needs of psychologists, but prioritizing the educational needs of physicians and psychologists is different.

 Epilepsy is a chronic disease which affects child's behavior and function. Children with epilepsy in comparison to healthy children are more at risk for behavorial and cognitive disorders. In this study we examined the depression and anxiety in children with epilepsy compared to healthy control group.

This case-control study was conducted on patients who referred to child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of Dr. Sheykh and Ibn-e-Sina Hospitals in Mashhad (Iran) during 2015-2016. In this study 30 epileptic children aged 8-12 years and 30 healthy children with the same age and gender were selected. Depression–anxiety symptoms were measured by Children Depression Inventory (CDI), Children's Behavioral Issues List (CBCL) tests and demographic data. The major stressors and information about characteristics of epilepsy were achieved by questionnaire. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, chi-square, Fisher's exact tests, independent t-test and U Mann-Whitney tests by using SPSS version 16.0.

According to the findings, level of depression and anxiety symptoms in epileptic children were higher than healthy children (P=0.01). There was no significant relation between mother's age, number of used medications and duration of taking medication and depression and anxiety in epileptic children.

Based on the results, epileptic children have the higher Frequency of depression and anxiety than the healthy children. However the frequency of depression and anxiety in epileptic children was independent to number of medications, duration of taking medications and mother's age.

 Students are a large group of cell phone users who are exposed to psychological damages due to excessive use of this device. Reducing social and isolation, increasing loneliness, impulsivity and depression are the most likely consequences among excessive uses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between addiction to smart phones and mental health in nursing students of Abadan University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 nursing students of Abadan University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The research instrument consisted of demographic information questionnaire, general health questionnaire and cell phone use questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 17 and Spearman correlation coefficient and independent t-test.

The results indicated that with increasing excessive use of smart phone, general health was reduced. There was significant correlation between mental health dimensions and smart phone addiction (P<0.05).

Given the negative impact of smart phone addiction on general health, this relationship can have a damaging effect on other aspects of student's life, including quality of life and academic achievement.