نشریه پژوهش اجتماعی
پیاپی 29 (زمستان 1394)

Urban space which produce human relationships, Can be effectivefactor on crimes and deviations also urban different problems.With social and physical expansion and development of cities, and ariseeconomic, cultural and social heterogeneous centers, we observe thathave increased urban crimes rates, Specially in prepheral and centralareas in great cites. There is relationship between city size and increaseof urban deviance and crimes.Also, there is relationship between degree of urban development withrate of social, economic, social and physical deviance and crimes. Thispaper investigate theoretical aspects of urban relations with devianceand crimes on cites, also, urban deviance and crimes ranking that haveimplemented as case study in Gorgan city.

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the empowerment of social workers working in social emergency mobile services of welfare organization across the country and their job’s efficiency. The sample size includes 158 social workers working in social emergency mobile services of welfare organization across the country. That was selected by the systematic random sampling method all over the country. The main research question is about that what is the relationship between empowerment and job efficiency of social workers working in the social emergency mobile services of welfare organization across the country?
In order to study the components of empowerment and job efficiency, it was used a standardized empowerment questionnaire (Spritzer and Mishra, 1995) and job efficiency questionnaire (Hersey and Goldsmith, 1980). Reliability of both questionnaires was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient 798/0 and 880/0, respectively. The validity of both questionnaires was confirmed via CVR content validity method. In this research, the independent variable of empowerment is 5 component and 15 questions and also demographic characteristics is 5 questions and dependent variable of job efficiency is 7 component and 26 questions. Total components of the independent variables have been studied with the dependent variable. Statistical analysis of the research questions was performed by univariate and bivariate descriptions, Spearman’ rank correlation coefficient test,  Kendall's tau C coefficient test, Post Hoc test, Bonferroni Post Hoc test and multivariate analysis of regression. The results show that there is a significant relationship between empowerment variable and job efficiency variable. However, it was shown that in multivariate analysis of regression, from the 5 components of empowerment (sense of competence, independence, effectiveness, confidence and a sense of significance) most variable that is predictable for improve job efficiency, is sense of independence with (42 / 0%) and , is sense of confidence with (35/0). A component of significant wasn’t extensible with 048/0% and components of competence and effectiveness senses are negative. Regarding to demographic characteristics it has been recognized that none of these characteristics (Age, sex, education, field of study and work experience) have any positive impact on improving efficiency; even all of them indicate the opposite effect on improving efficiency with negative values. But also empowering effect on improving efficiency is predictable.

Prejudice between students to hold opinions, beliefs and attitudes clumsy against outsiders that hostile, humiliating and negative attitudes associated. Accordingly, this study aims to study of factors affecting the formation of the students.
The research method was quantitative survey and questionnaire tool. Using a sample of the population of 4000, for example, 345 were selected. Reliability and validity of research by experts and Cronbach's alpha.
The results show that the ethnic prejudices, knowledge of ethnic, national consciousness, ethnic affiliation, social hostility, social contact and humiliating attitudes correlated with students' prejudices and education and social distance prejudice significant relationship is not.
T test results show significant gender bias with students and among the students more than the average girl. The results of multiple regression showed that the multiple correlation coefficient equal to 483/0 and 569/0 of the adjusted coefficient of determination.

Usually in multi-agent systems, interactions between agents and agents interactions with the environment would be formed as selection and implementation of operations of a limited set of specific actions by agents. Therefore, the type and complexity rate of the emergent behaviours resulting from these interactions is also dependent on the how to implementation and numbers of applicable behaviours by the agents. In the conducted research it was tried to investigate the impact of learning on improvement of agents’ behaviour in the selection of methods (strategies) of experience transfer and in improving the welfare indexes (measures) in the artificial society with the development of model of acquiring and transferring experience as well as adding learning capability to agents. Reinforcement learning was the learning method proposed in this study to increase the range of agents’ capabilities. With using this method, agents learned over time how to select and implement more appropriate actions in confrontation with different environmental conditions to be closer to the individual and social goals. The results of simulation and experiments showed that applying learning process can lead to improve behaviour of agents and improve welfare indexes (measures) in the artificial society.

Social solidarity implies a mutual agreement among the members of a societyIt Vdrvny acceptance of a value system Vhnjarhay a community belonging to Total (we feel) the interaction between people in the communityThe various factors involved in the creation or promotion of solidarity, according to their weightOne of the factors is the basis of religion know religion has a social character that gathered many livesThis study examined the role religion plays in social cohesion among citizens of Tehran. Is descriptive survey methodA total of 400 residents were selected by cluster sampling method Instrument, religiosity test standard questionnaire Glark and social solidarity Stark questionnaire was used. The findings suggest that the level of religiosity and its dimensions and social cohesion among citizens is moderate to high study. The findings suggest that the level of religiosity and its dimensions and social cohesion among citizens is moderate to high studyThe results corroborated the fact that religiosity among citizens is a fundamental role of social ityA significant relationship was also religious aspects of social cohesion.

The aim of present research was modeling relations between social intelligence and self efficacy with academic adjustment. The research method was descriptive- survey. The population consisted of all student of physical education faculty in Urmia University (240persons) that a sample of 149 persons were selected, using simple random sampling. The tools for gathering the data were “Social Intelligence” questionnaire (Silvera et al, 2001); “Self Efficacy” (Morgan & Jeankiz, 1999) and “Academic Adjustment” (Baker & Syriak, 1986). Validity of the tools was approved according to expert’s opinion and their reliability were confirmed by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. The structural equation modeling was used for analyzing the data. The results showed that social intelligence influenced academic adjustment of the students directly and through self efficacy.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational commitment to knowledge management Persian Bank's employees. On the other hand, to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaires and appropriate research questions, descriptive statistical methods (such as frequency, percentage, standard deviation, samples,…) and inferential statistics (including correlation coefficient and regression) was used . For data collection, the sources and comprehensive literature research were studied. Three questionnaires were used in this study to measure emotional intelligence; organizational commitment and knowledge management were used. The study population north of Tehran Persian Bank employees and managers the necessary information was collected. Regression analysis showed that: generally between emotional intelligence, organizational commitment, and there is a significant relationship KM initiative.

At the age of information, Thanks to the help of new technologies, man has been faced with new facilities and at the same time serious challenges. Cyber environment as an environment for the transaction between man and man and man and computer as well as a bed for the social and economic exchanges, requires an obligation for the ethical rules and instructions for the security of the users of this environment. In this article, on one hand, the concepts and generalities of ethics are explained and on the other, referring to some ratified ethical rules of cyber environments in the world, objective ethical challenges of this environment and their proper solutions are mentioned. In the end, the role of the specialists of knowledge and information science in facing with these challenges is reiterated.