فصلنامه یافته
سال بیست و یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی 79، بهار 1398)

The first technique for relaxing the body's muscles and relieving fatigue is relaxation, but another method for improving chronic fatigue is cognitive-behavioral therapy. According to these definitions, the purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two methods of psychological treatment (cognitive-behavioral therapy) and muscle relaxation (relaxation) in reducing the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome in nurses. The research method was semi-experimental with control and experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all nurses working in public hospitals in Tehran. The research sample consisted of 36 subjects in two control groups and 36 subjects in two experimental groups. The sampling method used was available sampling. Firstly, in both control and experimental groups, nurses' fatigue was evaluated with a Chaldean Fatigue Questionnaire (1993) before teaching cognitive-behavioral therapy and muscular relaxation with a pre-test. Then the first experimental group was exposed to cognitive-behavioral education in 6 sessions of 1 hour, and the second experimental group was exposed to muscle relaxation training in 6 sessions of 1 hour and again the fatigue questionnaire was evaluated in all 4 groups with a post-test. Data analysis was done with Spss18 software, independent and dependent T tests and covariance analysis. The findings of the study showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and gradual muscular relaxation therapy had a significant effect on nurses' fatigue. According to the Eta coefficient squared at the level of α = 0.05, the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy training on nurses' fatigue reduction was 79.6%. There was no significant difference between the fatigue reduction of the two groups under different training groups (α = 0.05). Fatigue reduction in the group that received cognitive-behavioral education was more than fatigue reduction in the group that received gradual muscular relaxation therapy, but this difference was not statistically significant.

Curcumin is an active ingredient in turmeric, which is used as herbal medicine for the treatment of certain diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two weeks of exhaustive swimming and supplementation of curcumin on alcohol induced liver damage biomarkers in male wistar rats. In this study, 32 male wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into 4 equal groups: control, training, supplemental curcumin, and training with curcumin supplement. At first, every 8 hours for 4 days, alcohol was gavaged to all groups, proportional to the body weight of each rat. This was followed by an alcohol withdrawal period. After that, the practice period began, including long-term swimming in water, for the exercise group, and the curcumin supplement with exercise group. Finally, blood samples were taken from the heart under anaesthetic Curcumin had no significant effect on AST (P = 0.401) and ALT (P = 0.978) and the ratio of these two enzymes (p = 0.657). Exercise significantly reduced AST (P = 0.022), but did not significantly decrease ALT (P = 0.759) or the ratio of these two enzymes (p = 0.225). Exercise and supplementation interaction did not significantly decrease ALT (P = 0.462) or AST (P = 0.073) activity or the AST / ALT ratio (P = 0.520). The reduction of liver damage markers in this study suggests that exercise and curcumin consumption may, through protective effects, improve the negative effects of alcohol on the liver, and prevent alcohol induced liver disease.

Autism spectrum disorder is the most commonly occurring growth disorder. A deficiency in social skills, interests, behaviour and repetitive and limited actions, and a deficiency in communication and social interactions are the hallmarks of autism. this research was a one-group semi-experimental study run by storytelling with a role playing method on studied units. The target population in this study were all patients with autism, who had registered in autism centers in Khorramabad city in 1396 (2017). 30 autistic children aged 6-16 years were selected using an available sampling method. The children were divided into 6 groups of 5 people. The intervention was conducted during 15 sessions of 45 minutes for each group, with a maximum of three stories in each session performed by the Carroll Gray method (a total of 90 sessions in two months). The data was collected and then processed by the ATEC questionnaire before and after the intervention. The results of analytical tests showed that the communication and social skills of the children before and after the intervention had a significant difference. A communication skill (speech, language, and communication) mean of 0.885 before the intervention, was followed by one of 1.2 afterwards. The correlation between the responses before and after was 0.532, which is significant, with Sig= 0.002. The social skills mean of 0.885 before the intervention, was followed by one of 1.2 afterwards. In this context. The correlation between the responses before and after was 0/684 which is significant, with Sig = 0.000. The findings show that storytelling with a role play method is one of the most effective and economical therapeutic interventions for improving the communication and social function of children with autism.

Drug abuse has become one of the major problems in society and has become more prevalent among young people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in relapse prevention in methamphetamine-dependent patients. In this study, a single-case experimental design with a linear asynchronous base line was used. Three male methamphetamine addicted patients were chosen, who had come to the Welfare Organization, and to the Addiction Withdrawal Center in Takab Township. Patients underwent a diagnostic interview, and a structured clinical interview with a purposeful sampling method. The study tools used were Structured Clinical interview (SCID), demographic characteristic questionnaire, urine test, Gorski Relapse Prediction Scale (1989) and Individual Therapy Protocol (ACT). The results were determined using methods of visual inspection, reliable change index (RCI), improvement percentage formula, clinical significance change and operational measurement. The data showed that there was a significant reduction in the probability of recurrence in patients (P <0.05), based on clinical and operational measurements. Acceptance and commitment (ACT) therapy is effective in preventing relapse in methamphetamine-dependent patients.

Nosocomial infections are the most important challenge in the health system, due to the mortality and economic costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of nosocomial infections and determine antibiotic resistance patterns. This retrospective descriptive study was carried out on the medical records of 738 patients hospitalized in Poursina Hospital from April 2013 to September 2015.  The kind of nosocomial infection, its causes and antibiotic resistance patterns were gathered.  All data was entered in SPSS 16 and analyzed by descriptive tests. 62.6% of patients were male. The most common cause of a nosocomial infection was Acinetobacter (24.66%) and the lowest bacterial infection was observed with Klebsiella (21 %.). Urinary tract infections were the most commonly reported nosocomial infection (35.2%). Acinetobacter had the most resistance (98.48%) to Cefazolin and the least resistance (57.14%) to Tobramycin. Staphylococcus aureus had the most resistance (75.2%) to Amoxicillin and the least resistance (6.12%) to Vancomycin. E. coli had the most resistance (74.33%) to Ampicillin and the least resistance (8.86%) to Nitrofurantoin. Enterobacter had the most resistance (96.87%) to Cephalexin and the least resistance (41.37%) to Meropenem. Klebsiella had the most resistance (90.19%) to Ampicillin and the least resistance (21.5%) to Amikacin. Pseudomonas had the most resistance (98%) to Cefazolin and the least resistance (22.22%) to Meropenem.  Recognition and timely detection of antibiotic resistance, and the proper use of antibiotics to reduce drug resistance are the most important principles that should be followed when selecting antibiotics

Breast cancer, which is a major cancer for women, affects the angiogenesis process. Exercise training can decrease the process of angiogenesis in tumor tissue. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training on HIF-1α, miR-21 and VEGF gene expression in female Balb/c mice with breast cancer. 16 female Balb/c mice (age: 3-5 weeks and weight: 17/1 ± 0.1 g) were selected and randomly divided into two groups: aerobic training and control. The aerobic training involved running with intensity of 14-20 m/min for 5 sessions per week over 8 weeks. The gene expression of HIF-1α, miR-21 and VEGF was examined by RT&PCR. The repeated measurement ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test and the independent T-test were used to analyse the data, with a significant level set at p<0.05. The results showed that aerobic training induced significant differences in the growth of tumor volume and an increase in HIF-1α. In addition, aerobic training caused a significant decrease in the gene expression of miR-21, whereas the changes in gene expression of VEGF were not significant. It appears that aerobic training caused a reduction in the gene expression of miR-21 and VEGF, which in turn, induced a decrease in the tumor volume and a corresponding improvement in the cancer

Candidiasis is a common fungal disease that is caused by different species of genital herpes and involves various parts of the body. These infections can be fatal in light of the host's immune status. Following the advancement of science and the importance of the health sector in societies, the use of chemical drugs has increased. However, due to side effects, high prices and the complex process of production of chemical drugs, medicinal plants have been considered as possible treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of methanolic extract of Rumex alveolatus on membranes of some Candida species. First, the methanolic extracts of the stem and leaves of Roumex alveolatus were prepared by the Soxhlet method. The antifungal effect of methanolic extract was determined by the Wells and MIC method. In order to compare the mechanism of the effect of this plant with amphotericin B, the glucose value was determined by an autoanalyzer, sodium and potassium levels using a flame photometer apparatus, and amino acids were identified by HPLC in a medium containing extract of plant and candida. The highest diameter of zone of inhibition of Candida yeast was methanol extract at a concentration of 250 mg / ml. The results showed that the mean concentration of sodium, potassium and glucose in different species of Candida was significantly different from that of methanol extract compared to amphotericin B. Most of the free amino acids were glutamine, threonine, and alanine. This herbal extract has a mechanism similar to that of amphotericin B and could be a suitable alternative for high-dose chemical drugs. However, the potential side effects of the plant need to be checked.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world, and early diagnosis of this cancer is a key factor in its treatment. This cancer is a multi-stage disease, in which viruses can play a role. EBV is known as an important factor in the development of some human cancers. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between Epstein-Barr virus, EBV, and breast cancer. Thirty-two paraffin blocks from patients with lung mass or breast tumor were collected from Khorramabad Shohada Aschary Hospital. Thirty normal individuals with the same age were selected for the control group. Extraction of EBV-DNA was performed using Sina Clone. To evaluate the DNA quality extracted from the nano-droplet and PCR, samples were used for the presence of the beta-actin gene. Then appropriate samples of EBV-DNA were evaluated for PCR. Data was analyzed by the chi-square test and SPSS.16 software. Of 32 samples of breast cancer, 11 cases (34.3%) and 30 controls (2.6%) were positive for the presence of EBR-DNA in the Chi-square test. Cancer and control had a P-value of 0.002, which showed a significant correlation between the Epstein-Barr Virus and breast cancer. In this study, the relationship between the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus and breast cancer in women with this condition is significant in Lorestan province, which indicates that Epstein-Barr virus can be one of the reasons for breast cancer, although more epidemiological, biological and molecular analyses will be required It is necessary to clarify the mechanism for the involvement of this virus in the carcinogenicity process.

A reduction in physical activity levels in the elderly causes diseases. Weight bearing is one of the problems of exercising in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of water-based training period on adropin levels, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles in elderly men. Twenty elderly men (69.5±3.62) were divided randomly into two groups of aerobic aquatic training and control (n=10). The training group participated in 8 weeks of training in water. Before and after intervention, blood sampling was performed to measure the serum levels of adropin, glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and insulin resistance. To analyze the data, a mixed analysis of variance was used. Weight (P=0.002), BMI (P=0.002), insulin (P=0.001), glucose (P=0.008), insulin resistance (P=0.001), triglyceride (P=0.001), total cholesterol (P=0.001), LDL (P=0.015), adropin (P=0.001) and HDL (P=0.001) in the training group showed a significant improvement compared to the control group. It is possible that aerobic water-based exercise decreases insulin resistance and improves lipid profiles in older men, leading to improved diabetes markers. It seems that adropin plays a role in this regard. Therefore, one of the most effective methods for preventing, controlling or improving diseases, especially metabolic syndrome in older people, is probably the use of water-based exercises. Especially given that these exercises reduce the problem of weight bearing in the elderly.

Electromagnetic fields have various effects on the biochemical and cellular behavior of microorganisms due to radiation. It is necessary to investigate more extensively the effects of these magnetic fields on some microorganisms, such as bacteria. The purpose of this study was tp investigate the effects of magnetic fields on Escherichia coli bacteria (PTCC 1330). E.coli bacteria were prepared in liquid growth medium at the proper density. Then, the bacteria were placed in a magnetic field of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Hz at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 time intervals. Afterwards, their population was calculated, and the impact of these waves on the bacteria growth phases, based on the factorial pattern, was measured. Field intensities of 1, 5, 10 and 20 Hz caused an increase in the number of bacteria cells. With increasing field intensity to 50 Hz, the growth of bacteria was reduced. Field intensities of 5, 30, 40 and 50 Hz caused an increment in the time of the lag phase, and field intensities of 1, 10 and 20 Hz caused an increment in the time of the stationary phase. At 1 to 30 Hz field intensities, the duration time of each cell division was reduced, and at 10 Hz field intensity, this reduction reached a minimum. But at a field intensity of 40 and 50 Hz, the time velocity of bacteria reproduction decreased. Given that E.coli bacteria is a pathogen, and at the same time a very important bacteria in scientific activities, the results of this study could be used in procedures to increase and decrease the population of this bacteria population.

Candidiasis is the most common human infection in the world, and is considered a dangerous disease in people with a weak immune system because of their low resistance to antifungal drugs, the frequent recurrence of infections, and the known complications of chemical drugs. The antifungal properties of different parts of Echium italicum were compared with antibiotics for the first time. After collection, identification and drying, water, n-hexane and methanolic extracts from the air and root parts of the plant were prepared by soaking. The antifungal effects of different concentrations of extracts were studied by the disc diffusion method and determination of MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration of growth), MFC (minimum fungicidal concentration) by the microdilution method. The antibiotics nystatine and fluconazole were used as positive controls and DMSO as the negative control. Data was analyzed bythe t-test and one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the aqueous, n-hexane and methanolic extracts of different parts of E. italicum plant exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The mean inhibitory diameter of growth of the methanolic and n-hexane extract in concentration of 5 mg / ml was higher than the nystatin antibiotic inhibitory diameter of growth for Candida albicans (P˂0.05). The lowest MIC and MFC was of the methanolic extract of the root of the plant for Candida albicans with a value of 15.62 μg / μl. Extracts of this plant can be used to treat Candida albicans infections.