نشریه مطالعات اندیشه معاصر مسلمین
پیاپی 5 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

The present study seeks to re-read the approach to thinking of development that it regards as a cultural affair. Here is a critical reading of Ziauddin Sardar's developmental approach, because he has such an attitude to development. For this purpose, the researcher has obtained the necessary data by documentary method and with a descriptive-analytical approach to the critical reading of the Ziauddin Sardar's developmental approach. We first describe Ziauddin Sardar's view on the development, its evolution, the ratio of development to other categories such as globalization and academic disciplines in the contemporary era, a review of the development and the state of the Islamization process in Muslim countries: We will then review his views on these issues. The most important finding of this study is that, for Sardar, "development" as a cultural affaire so far has had the "negative" aspects of the West, through which it has colonized, the future of non-Western cultures and dominated. Therefore, in this approach, basically, a refinement of development in non-Western cultures is to justify the shortcomings of this project to be effective in showing such a category in non-Western countries. And the formation of academic disciplines in the humanities, as actors in the process of justifying and encouraging the Western model of development, which is also understood as Islamization of knowledge, in such a space.

Purpose of This paper is review on thoughts of Fathi Alteriki, as a comporary  thinkers in Arab world. thus, first  his social contexs, and then epistemological origins of his thought is viewed.  In this section, in meantime that we demonstrate  origins of his thought, for Michel Foucaultinfluenceon Alteriki, we view Foucault theories concerning philosophy, thinking andintellectuality, and his critic on pure philosophy, and his approach in  Operationalization of philosophical theories and their usage for solution of problem and exhibition analysis for for social phenomenon. Then, we view terikis definition of philosophy and reason, and his differentiation between rationality, reasonability, reasoning, and the role they play in increasing knowledge and Finally we explain, view, and critic his view on philosophy and reason.

The study of the works of the Muslim Brotherhood thinkers, especially in recent years, in light of the Muslim Brotherhood's stance in the 2011 developments that led to the Egyptian Revolution And subsequent events indicate that there might be developments in the views of the Islamic State.The takeover of power by the Muslim Brotherhood, though for a short time after the Egyptian revolution and having an effective role in the adoption of the 2012 Constitution of Egypt, expresses the significant impact of the political thought of the moderate Muslim Brotherhood's moderate thinkers such as Yusuf al-Qaradawi. This issue has necessitated need for research on this topic with a focus on the question: what is the Idea of an Islamic state in the Yusuf al-Qaradawi.'s political thought? According to this study it can be stated, although the religious state in Qaradawi's political thought is a caliphate and Shari'a state, but with the new method of ijtihad presented by him, many of the principles and elements of the new governments are not considered to be in conflict with Islam and Islamic Shari'a, and are recognized by Islam.

Epistemological hiatus is the post modern approach to historical Process of knowledge that insist on interruption of scientific paradigms in different periods of history. Thus discovery of new theories, give rise to passing over traditional knowledge and in new scientific discovering., not only quantity, but also geometric and quality knowledge is changed. The people as aMohammad Abed Aljaberi and Mohammad Arkoun in Islamic world accept this hiatus in Islamic thought, especially in philosophical Islamic thoughts and through critical approach to philosophical muslims tradition belive that we must,  in new age, present new understanding of Islam. For one can recline on this approach in critic on philosophical Islamic tradition , he must prove this in logical way and compare with Islamic philosophy, and Arkoun and Jaberi have moved in the same way. Apparently, this approach have only a affirmative particular proposition  form, and its generality and universality is not provable.

Hassan al-Banna was the founder, leader and leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in the Muslim world in the center of Egypt. Rashid al-Ghannouchi is the founder of the Islamic Movement of Tunisia, and is inspired by the idea of the Al-Bin and the Brotherhood. The idea of "Bana" and "Ghannouchi" has had a profound reflection on the geographical range of the Muslim world and contemporary Muslim thought; From this perspective, the thought of these two Muslim thinkers is worthy of attention and research. In the following paper, the political thought of these two thinkers has been examined with a new look. The importance of studying the views and opinions of Al-Baha and Al-Ghannouchi in the critical situations of the Islamic world is the kind of confrontation with the challenges and their response. Accordingly, the main objective and the main issue of the present article is to examine the historical evolution of the reform and modernization of the state based on the thinking of Al-Banna and Al-Ghannouchi. The basic question of the article is that what are the fundamentals and principles of political thought of these two Muslim theologians? And how can the reformal approach and systemization / state be considered in the intellectual system of these two? The authors believe that Hassan al-Banna and Rashid al-Ghannouchi, in their country, sought to reform the state and revive the government on the basis of Islam. The relative success of the Islamist movement at that time was due to the thought and political views of these two thinkers on political issues and state-building. This paper uses the descriptive-explanatory method to explore and explain the positions of these two political thinkers in the field of reforming and modernizing the state.

One of affordable Dimensions of Social science is Critical Approach. This Category, in modern Social science, based on Positivism Epistemology,  has less been  noticed. But for muslimthinkers, center of Social thinking have been Critical Approach that Social interpretation is a notable case of them. This paper  examine Critical Approach in Almizan interpretation as essential problem and respond to this question that what is Almizan base in critical thought, and in which levels do it. This study is formed on the base of fundamental methodology as a macromethod. gathering of data in the text of Almizan interpretation is accomplished by way of Qualitative content analysis and showing that critical approach in Almizan hasorganized on three base:  acceptation of objective reality of social interests and corruptions, monotheistic unity of societies, pluralism in the way of achievement of knowledge and thus hasorganized its critical views in two level:  critics on societies, and critics on modern civilization and culture .