فصلنامه آمایش محیط
پیاپی 44 (بهار 1398)

Housing as the most functional use has been focused by regional and urban planners in cities for providing a proper place to satisfy the physical and emotional needs of people. Suitable housing as far as physical indicators are considered is the one which  matches with the defined standards and in which there are factors like easy accessibility to work place, shops, leisure time, remedial and educational places. Investigating the criteria and indicators influencing housing can be easily performed when housing is planned and specified. Therefore, the aim of this study is evaluating the quality of urban housing in Ahwaz. This study considering functional aim and viewpoint of the research is a descriptive-analysis one. The dominant approach in evaluating housing is spatial-local analysis. In order to investigate the obtained data, "DEMATEL" technique and fuzzy method were used. First, the software layers were edited in the ARCGIS environment and then were standardized using the "fuzzy membership" method. Using the "DEMATEL" technique a questionnaire completed by 10 specialists of urban planning was used to obtain the weight of the criteria the value of which then was multiplied by the layers and eventually was covered with the  0.8 of the “fuzzy Gamma" the result of which was Ahwaz city Housing evaluating map in 5 classes. The results of the study showed that very high, high, medium, and low qualities were 6.23, 1.52, 9.20, 2.1 and 2.2 respectively.

Small cities, by accepting some of their capital and production factors, can be a factor in attracting the population and ultimately helping to stabilize their region to reduce the urban dilemma that roots in the countryside. In order to achieve a balanced and equitable distribution of population, capital, facilities, facilities as well as economic activities at the national and regional levels of small towns, especially cities where their location in the settlement network acts as an intermediary between urban and rural centers, attention is drawn to it placed. In fact, the aim of the research is to investigate the role of small towns in regional development. The approach used in this research is descriptive-analytic. Librarian methods, statistics and statistics, and detailed census results have been used to collect the required statistics and information. Spss and Excel software have been used to analyze the changes in the population of cities, urban and rural areas. To determine the population changes over the years. Then developments in the urban network and its hierarchical system have been investigated during the three census periods. In this study, related methods and models such as rank size, pull coefficient, georgeshavro and bourgeois model, centrality index, urban primary index were used. The results of the above model showed that Dehgolan city has a basic economy in agriculture and industry with 1.67 and 1.17 respectively, and in non-economic services sector. This issue, due to the role of central city of Dehgolan in the city, indicates the weakness of this section in the economy of the city of Dehgolan. According to the interpretation of the coefficient of location model, it was determined that the city of Dehgolan is not in a decent position in providing this service and facilities in the city

Urban land use and its location has always been of interesting topics to scholars of the city and urban planning. So that the scholars always have tried to pay attention to base and surroundings proximity, compatibility and incompatibilities, utility and other factors, in location allocation of urban land uses. With the arrival of the computer age and development of geographic information systems, the possibility of attention to these factors and their effectiveness in the process of planning, is more than before. In this regard and in order to realization of consideration to these factors in planning, this study is trying to answer the following question, Among the areas with development potential in area, which one is more suitable for use in order to green land use? In this article which is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive analytical in terms, of method, land-use suitability analysis, linear combination and Delphi methods, have been used. The finding of this article that obtained from overlaying analytical compatibility maps, the value of land, land ownership, functional radius, proximity to roads, passive defense, and crisis management and natural and geographical factors of Arak, indicate that, which one of the lands with development potential in Arak, is more suitable for use in order to green land uses. Also the results of this article showed that, the combination of multi criteria location allocation based on geographic information system and Delphi jury method, can be used as decision support system of location allocation of green land use and provide acceptable results.

Regional planning and development aiming at reducing regional disparities, are two important issues in developing countries. Identifying and analyzing the situation in various fields of regional development is the first step in the planning process. Then the bottlenecks and constraints in areas can be characterized and removed. In other words, the allocation of funds and resources among different regions, identifying their position in the region and enjoying the benefits of ranking levels are all essential. The purpose of this study was to analyze and regionalize Kerman province as far as the physical indicators of education are considered. The main problem of the present study was that the cities in the province suffer from the inequality in education. Thus, determining the inequality may help the researchers in poverty reduction in the area. The research is a descriptive – analytical one. The data have been chosen from the statistical yearbook of population and housing census of the year 1390. These data have been analyzed based on 21 indicators, which are mainly physical factors affecting the education sector. The results showed that Kerman province can be classified into four main levels: 39% of its cities in the over-concentration rate; 21% in the above- concentration rate, 30% are in the mid- concentration rate, and less than 9% of the cities under- concentration rate.

Just as a city manifests itself with its urban structure and elements, the urban atmosphere originating from an Islamic ideology will be likewise affected by the mutual relationship between land uses and the city’s identity Some cities of Iran including Yazd are categorized as Islamic Cities for their time and place conditions or their cultural-social indexes and it is only because of physical aspects and urbanization identity transcripts that cities are classified to different categories ( such as land uses or architectural and structural signs, civic activities,dynamic characteristics and aspects of the city and etc) and even we can see different parts and localities in each city by considering Islamic city identities .so we have tried to examine the effects of Religious landusese on Islamic city identity and on one and two zones of yazd in this study by using the descriptive –analytical method ,and after testing our hypothesizes use found that the aspects of Religious landusese in Yazd identity have been more effective and highlightend on the two zone in comparison with the one zone.

At the beginning of industrial revolution, invention of cars and expanding the cities gradually prioritizing the role of pedestrian and enclosed pedestrian spaces in cities faded out and space quality of public areas of the city, urban open spaces and sidewalks decreased. Now days most of the urban public spaces and streets are dominated by cars because of indiscriminate increase of vehicles and dependence on pattern of urban life on them. According to formation of the first steps in designing pedestrian oriented streets in Iran and to the huge impact of this kind of streets on making quantitative and qualitative of all sorts of social interactions and increasing citizen’s life quality, in this lecture we will discuss the introduction and review of relations between main components for promoting social interactions on pedestrian oriented streets. In this regard the impact of readability which is one of the main components of promoting social interactions other components like vitality, security and safety are our case studies. This research is a practical research which is done in survey way. The statistical population of this research was chosen among Qazvin citizens and Khayam and Sepah pedestrians were our sample population. In this research we used self-made questionnaire and after ensuring its stability and validity we distributed it among our sample population. In order to analyze our data, we used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results of data analyze confirms our concept model. Also the research results are showing positive and meaningful effects of readability on vitality, safety, security, positive and meaningful effects of vitality on safety and security in society, which is our case study.

Site selection important urban land uses, including decisions impacting is the scale Therapeutic space that often urban managers is faced with complex decisions, The research aimed to Site selection hospital centers with emphasis on natural Disasters and using analysis network prosses (ANP) This research benefits from descriptive-analytical method and a list of criterions for site selection of hospitals is prepared and then, by using ANP technique and pair-wise comparison of item by 20 professors and experts in the field of urban planning, the weight of each criterion was calculated. In continuation according to the number of criterions and ultimate weight of sub-criterions, the desired layers at GIS was created. In continuation by using the analysis and map prepared based on priority for evaluation of hospital it was observed that the current site selection of hospitals in district.5 of Tehran from viewpoint of natural disasters is at unsuitable status and offering service to them specially while rising natural disasters is very difficult task. According to the findings due to merging informational layers' total number of 3 new points for establishment of hospital center was offered and through establishing SWOT table and considering the information offered by experts, appropriate place for construction of hospital was offered. Findings of the present research may offer solutions for urban managers in the way of understanding and prioritizing problems of urban management and finding solutions for such problems.

The importance of sustainable urban policy has made it clear that neighborhoods and local communities have a role in the framework of the concept of sustainable development. Thus, the urban management plan is oriented towards the micro level. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the neighborhood houses in attracting the participation of citizens, regions such as Sohanak, Andisheh, Sadeqiyeh in the north, Imamat and Haft Chenar in central region, Atabak, Shohadayeh Gomnam, Aghdasiyeh, Khani Abad and Imam Zadeh Hassan in the south are selected as a example and are assessed in six categories of information and advertising, effectiveness, reliability, facilities, experience and expertise and satisfaction. The statistical population is consisted of women aged between 20 to 50 years old and a sample of 500 individuals is selected. The research method is survey and questionnaire. The results show that the participation of citizens in neighborhood houses is at moderate to high level. And there is a significant relationship between the variables facilities, reliability, activities, satisfaction, faculty expertise, information and familiarity and participation of citizens in a significant relationship. The overall results show that the performance of neighborhood houses proper facilities is effective in citizen participation. In other words, the higher the hardware and software facilities (trust, proper notification, appropriate activities, satisfaction and use of expertise), the higher the participation of citizens in the use of facilities and programs and activities of neighborhood houses.

Planning of development programs either at macro or at micro levels, needs to obtain a proper understanding about the differences between rural areas in terms of their infrastructure, social, economic and environmental aspects; so that this understanding can contributed to policymakers and decision-makers the ability to recognize abilities, differences and deprivations of rural areas in order to organize a balanced development in the supposed areas. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the level of development of rural areas of central district of Falavarjan County. A survey research method was used in this study. Research population included villages with 20 and more households (26 villages) that about 376 household of these villages were selected as research sample based on Cochran Sampling. A researcher constructed questionnaire and secondary data taken from the village ID in 2010 was used to collect data that its face validity procedure was verified by faculty members of the Rural Development Management Department of Yasouj University and its reliability was also verified calculating Cronbach's Alpha reliability (0.65 ≤∝≤ 0.95). In order to assess and prioritization rural development, 24 indices in four dimensions were used: social-cultural, economic, environmental and physical-infrastructure. In order to analyze the data, the raw data were normalized and then using Artificial-Neural Network (ANN) of multi-layer feed-forward back-propagation, weight of each rural development index was obtained, respectively. Data processing was done using MATLABR2015a and SPSS22 software. The results showed that Jojil, Jowlorestan and Zefreh ranked first to third respectively and Mehrenjan Atrak and Mehrenjan ranked last in terms of rural development. The overall results of this study showed that the rural development is in a relatively favorable situation in the studied villages.

Increasing community relations in residential neighbourhoods is part of mechanisms of improving residents’ health and wellbeing. It provides a great opportunity for designers and planners to achieve high quality and sustainable residential developments. Certain characteristics of the neighbourhood can affect residents’ behaviour in the neighbourhood environment. The current study focuses on the impact of street permeability and accessibility on residents’ social cohesion and health in a sample of 271 residents in Penang, Malaysia. The study is quantitative in nature and is based on both descriptive and inferential statistics. The required information was collected based on on-site observation and a questionnaire survey. Four research hypotheses were advanced and tested using the structural equation modelling on a priori hypothesised conceptual model. We also investigated the mediating effect of social cohesion on the relationship between permeability and health. This study employed the structural equation modelling approach to analyse the data using SPSS and AMOS software. The results of analysis indicated that permeability has significant impacts on social cohesion and health. Findings also indicated that social cohesion mediates the relationship between permeability and health. Residents living in highly permeable streets are more likely to receive a low social cohesion and health, meaning that those living in cul-de-sacs perceived higher levels of social cohesion and subsequently, higher health than those living in through roads. This suggests that road hierarchy in residential areas has positive impact on social cohesion and health. Therefore, based on the study findings, we suggest that local planning authorities need to pay attention to some important matters of neighbourhoods such as street permeability and road hierarchy.