نشریه پژوهش های زبان شناسی تطبیقی
پیاپی 17 (بهار و تابستان 1398)

Since each language and dialect mirrors culture and identity of various ethnicities and are deemed mankind heritage, preserving, collecting, and registering the data of each variety is of paramount importance. Due to urban development and mass media, Persian may marginalize unknown varieties, even to the level of their disappearance making them dead languages. It is incumbent on the authors to take actions in preserving Neyshabouri Turkish variety. So far, many varieties have been covered and registered all over Iran, but it is still a long way to the ideal state. This paper examines different markers of spatial thematic roles in a Khorasani Turkish, i.e. Neyshabouri Turkish, a south variety spoken in the district of Sarvelayat predominantly. These roles are morphologically formalized in this language through wide use of postpositions. This paper is descriptive in terms of its approach. This paper also shows how much this variety utilizes vowel harmony.

The presentstudy investigated the semantic variationsof the agentive compound wordsending in paz present stem in Persian within the framework of Construction morphology. For this purpose, the168words were collected from Persian synchronic and diachronic corpora. These words were divided into four semantic categories of the characteristics of a human agent,agentive person,job and instrument,and belong to the two main lexical categories of adjective and noun. The diachronic investigation of the extracted words revealed that since 5 th century A.H Persian speakers have created a schema for denoting to words of job semantic category. Then,in the second half of the present century,they have developed a new schema for coining instruments by the help of approximation process. Further,it was revealed that the traditional hypothesis of metaphorical extension of agent to instrument does not hold in Persian. Also,the two constructions of agentive noun and agentive adjective of compound words ending in 'paz' are sister constructions.

Among non-indicative verbal forms, subjunctive is of most uses. This form not only plays the most important functions in expressing modal concepts, but also has a close relationship with 'aspect'. In this paper, the ways in which subjunctive concepts are expressed different uses of subjunctive forms are studeid. Based on the findings of the research, there are at least six ways in which modal concepts are expressed in Persian all of which carry subjunctive forms. Subjunctive forms play at least fifteen different functions which are divided into two categories, namely, prototypical vs non-prototypical. All these functions share one feature: there is no guarantee for the actualization of the event or situation in question. As far as meaning is concerned all subjunctive forms function within a single network in center of which there exists a prototypical meaning. All other non-prototypical meanings are derived from this prototypical meaning.

In cognitive linguistics, conceptualization plays a very important role in the recognition of meaning. This study selected Baghra Surat as part of this holy book and the selected verses from their true and spiritual meaning using the concept of conceptual blending. The aim of this research, which is done by analytical-descriptive method, is to express the hidden concepts in the Qur'an and its representation in various issues and to answer this question. First, is the concept of conceptual blending compatible with the Qur'an? Secondly, how is conceptual blending used in the Qur'an ? After analyzing the verses, it was concluded that the blending is useful in analyzing the verses, and in addition to raising abstract issues, describing different groups of society and sentences such as retaliation, and this ability is best suited to the hidden dimensions of these issues to the audience.

The current study investigates how Sadness is Conceptualized in Persian Linguistic Database. Analyzing the Corpus, the authors managed to extract 2098 lingusitic phrases, containing 529 metaphorical by searching several keywords pertaining to Sadness. Then, the metaphorical phrases were analysed according to Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Conceptual mappings were extracted. It was determined that source domains of Thing/Material, Location/Time, Animacy, Container/Contained material, Illness/Physical Damage are used more frequently by the Persian speakers in conceptualization of Sadness. As an important sub-findings of the research, it was also determined that the “Del” [heart] as a body Organ is much more frequent among Persian speakers in Conceptualization of Sadness.

This paper attempts to describe the Theft Frame and concentrate on its Persian Lexical Units (LUs). As it is mentioned in Fillmore and Atkins (2000), lexical differences between synonyms in monolingual dictionaries are underestimated. In this research, within the ‘Theft’ frame, we aim at showing how synonymous LUs in Persian are distinguished despite the fact that they exist within a single frame. Meanwhile, our more general purpose is to define the ‘Theft’ Frame. To do this research, lexical entries for lexemes related to Theft Frame such as ‘dozdidan’, serqat kardan’, dastbord zadan’ and ‘extelas kardan’ are extracted from Sokhan Dictionary. The data and examples are collected either from Bijan Khan Corpus or from some Websites, movies and stories. Frame elements such as Perpetrator, Goods and Victim are not only active in defining lexical differences, but also are Frame-to-Frame Relations to a Crime Frame essential for determining the type of crimes.

The present paper seeks to propose a justified scenario for the evolution of the patterns of showing non-accusative alignment in Hamwrami in terms of Constructionalization. Drawing on purely synchronic features of the marked construction like the pattern of subject marking and also embarking upon the general patterns of alignment changes in Iranian Languages, it is argued that marked construction in Hawrami is in fact created out of another type of construction with a different schema. The increasing use of the clitics as the marker of transitive subject, which is one of the hallmarks of non-accusative alignment in most of the new Iranian Languages, is assumed to be the enabling factor of the constructionalization of marked non-accusative construction in Hawrami

The authors implemented nine factors of UNESCO`s operational document for identifying endangerment of languages. Ten languages variety selected randomly. Based on the total assessment of the factors of this document. Severity of endangerment of these ten selected languages variety can be shown as follows: (This sign > indicates severity of endangerment) Definitely Endangered > Severely Endangered > Critically Endangered Laraki, Gheshmi, Gahgomi, Molkigali, Bastaki, Sangani > Jabani, Taleghani> Afjei, Agheshti It was also determined, based on field research and authors' observations, that the distance from the capital, geographic factors and the economic situation are three of the most important factors that determine the position of language variety in this spectrum of ranking the languages endangerment.

The present paper addresses the acoustic properties of English voicing contrast in the production of Persian EFL learners of English. In a production experiment, we investigated the role of VOT in distinguishing voiced from voiceless stops in English. Examining VOT values of English stop consonants in different phonological positions, we found that like English native speakers, Persian EFL speakers of English pronounce voiceless stops in both word-initial and syllable-initial (intervocalic) positions with long positive VOT values. They were also found to produce voiced stops in word-initial position with short positive VOT and in syllable-initial position with long negative VOT values. However, the results for voiceless stops after /s/ suggested that unlike native speakers of English, Persian learners use long positive VOT values to realize voiceless stops in this position.

The present study was an attempt to investigate the morphophological suffixes in Takestan Tati dialect in the light of optimality theory. Morphophological processes of phonological changes accuring in a morphological cotext, those changes happening among morphemes, and are phonologically governed. The research was analytical and the data were collected from Tati books and local media. This study probed into the application of the morphophological processes in Takesteni Tati dialect suffixes from optimality point of view. The results illustrated that in Tati both elision and insertion processes happen in morphological borders, highlighting conspiracy in this language. In other words, this study concluded that the global ranking constraints also apply to Tati and the constraints in Tati dialect were in line with global ones.

The present study seeks to Imam Mohammad Ghazali. Politeness is a linguistic phenomenon , showing how language users use language to manage their interpersonal relationships. Didactic literature is a type of literature that seeks human being’s fortune in the improvement of the moral behaviors, and its loftiness of purpose aims at the development of spiritual strength and moral teaching of mankind. In this paper, by adopting a sociolinguistic approach and the methodology of content analysis and Principles of Brown and Levinson (1987), it is attempted to present the representation of linguistic Politeness in the aforementioned texts. The results of the research indicate that Ghazali's Didactic texts emphasize the use of positive politeness, which indicates the promotion of sympathy and companionship in these texts, and is based on the management of the person's face and, as such, is audience-centered, and most of the recommendations to the speaker are concerned maintaining empathy.