مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه
سال ششم شماره 4 (زمستان 1397)

Silibinin is a blend of flavonoids, which is extracted from Marianum Silybum, and its anti-cancer effects on breast cells have been studied. The aim of this study was to provide physiochemical evaluation of various formulations of the niosomal system containing silibinin, in order to achieve targeted formulation to better fight breast cancer cells. Nano-carriers were synthesized using different molar ratios of structural elements such as Cholesterol, Polysorbates 20 and 60 and of the 9 synthetic formulations; the best formulation was selected based on the encapsulation efficiency. Then, the pattern of drug release in conditions similar to cancerous cells, the size of nano-carrier and surface charge were investigated. Furthermore, the interaction of drugs and nano-carries was studied by investigating IR spectra and particle morphology using scanning electron microscopy. At the end, using the MTT method, niosomal silibinin toxicity was measured on the MCF-7 cell line. The final formulation containing silibinin, had 118nm size, 92.87±5% encapsulation efficiency, -31.33  mV zeta potential. The maximum release rate of the drug for this nano-carrier in cancerous cells within 48 hours was 89.03%. The results of MTT show that the amount of toxicity of encapsulated silibinins is higher than the non-capsulated silibinbin on MCF-7 cell line. The results of this study showed that the niosomal system, having the proper physiochemical properties, increases the toxic effect of silibinin on MCF-7 cell line. Therefore, it can be a suitable carrier for drug delivery to cancer cells.

Breastfeeding during the first six months of life plays a major role in preventing childhood disease and death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of motivational interviews on the success of lactation in Primiparous women. This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 210 pregnant mothers that referred to health centers of Torbat Heydariyeh. Participants were assigned to three groups of 70 motivational interviews, lectures and controls by using random block method (six equal blocks). For intervention group 1, (motivational interview), five group meetings and three phone call follow-ups were accomplished. For the intervention group 2, (lecture) a two-hour session was done about lactation training within the 31-34 weeks of pregnancy. The control group only received the routine care. The data collection tool was a questionnaire for assessing the status of exclusive breastfeeding nutrition, which was measured at the end of 2nd, 4th and 6th months of infancy. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Chi-square, Fisher's exact test. The three groups were homogeneous for demographic variables. The success of exclusive breastfeeding in the motivational interview group was significantly higher than the lecture group and the control group (p = 0.001). The chance of exclusive breastfeeding in the intervention group was 7.4 more than the control group and the intervention group was 2.6 more than the control group(p≤0.001). Considering the effect of motivational interview on the success of exclusive breastfeeding, advising this technique can be considered as a strategyto increase the success of lactation alone, especially in Primiparous mothers.

Nandrolone is a testosterone derivative which increases the size of the muscle by increasing protein production. This chemical is sometimes abused by athletes. The aim of present study is to review the effect of resistance training and crocin consumption on catalase and glutathione peroxidase of heart tissue of nandrolone poisoned rats. 40 rats were selected and assigned to 8 groups including: 1; control, 2; sham, 3; nandrolone, 4; nandrolone with resistance training, 5; nandrolone with 12.5 mg/kg crocin, 6; nandrolone with 25 mg/kg crocin, 7; nandrolone with resistance training and 12.5 mg/kg crocin, and 8; nandrolone with resistance training and 25 mg/kg crocin. Groups 4, 7 and 8 performed resistance trainings for eight weeks and three sessions per week and groups of 5- 8 received daily doses of crocin. To analyze the findings of the study, one-way ANOVA and Bonferron's post hoc tests were used . 25 mg/kg crocin (P=0.002), training + 12.5 mg/kg crocin (P=0.003), training + 25 mg/kg crocin (P=0.001), significantly reduce the catalase activity; training + 12.5 mg/kg crocin (P=0.001) and training + 25 mg/kg crocin (P=0.001) rather than training have more potent effect on reduction of catalase; 12.5 mg/kg crocin significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (P=0.02). It appears that co-administration of crocin and resistance training does not have antioxidant interactions in nandrolone poisoned rats.

Self-care in diabetic patients helps them to prevent complications of the disease and thus improves their quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between health literacy, TPB constructs and self-care behaviors in diabetic patients in the city of Somesara. This cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December in 2017. A total of 166 type 2 diabetic patients who referred to health centers in the city of Somesara participated using random sampling. The data gathering tools were demographic items, valid and reliable TPB construct’s scales, Health Literacy scale and Self-care scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23, Lisrel 8.8, Pearson correlation coefficient, and path analysis. The mean age of the samples was 57.3±9.5 years and 58.4% of patients were female. The mean health literacy scores in women was significantly higher than men (P=0.021). It was also higher in patients with higher educational level (P=0.026). The mean of attitude subjective norms, and intention showed a significant difference between patients with low and adequate health literacy (P<0.05). Moreover, the state of dietary intake (P=0.007) and physical activity (P=0.017) was different between patients with low and adequate health literacy. attitude (β=0.38), behavioral control (β=0.29), and norms (β=0.19) were significant strong predictors of behavioral intentions respectively )P<0.05). The relationship between health literacy, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control with self-care was significant in diabetic patients. Therefore, attention to these variables in the design of educational interventions seems necessary.

Brucellosis is one of the zoonotic diseases worldwide. Training the Brucellosis preventing behaviors reduce the incidence of this disease in at-risk groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of education based on the Health Belief Model in reducing the risk factors of Brucellosis in ranchers in Torbat Haydariyeh. This interventional study was a quasi-experimental model with a control group which was performed on 200 of ranchers in Jolgeh Rokh District of Torbat Haydariyeh, in 2018.  The sampling method was stratified random from 7 rural health-care centers. The data was collected via a valid and reliable questionnaire including demographic information and Health Belief Model constructs in self-reporting way. The educational sessions were designed for the test group and data was collected from the both groups after 2 months and they were analyzed using Chi-Square. There was  no significant statistical difference between the study groups in terms of age, gender, education level and marital status based on a Chi-squared test (P>0.05). According to the obtained results, after interventional education, the mean score of knowledge and Health Belief Model constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy, and behavior) showed a significant increase in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.001). The result of present study indicates that educational intervention performed by the Health Belief Model has a desirable effect on reducing risk factors and also improving brucellosis preventive behaviors among ranchers.

The experiences of the first years of life and the interaction style between mother with the child, specifies the foundation of child's health or illness in adulthood. Parenting styles and self-efficacy of mothers are two important factors that can affect child's anxiety. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the role of mother's self-efficacy and parenting style in predicting the anxiety of preschool children (5 and 6 years old) in Mashhad. Current study is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study included mothers of preschool children in kindergartens of Mashhad who were selected by random cluster sampling. The sample size in this study was 181 people. Three scales used in this study were self-efficacy of Dumka (PSAM), Baumrind Parenting styles and Spence scale of preschool children anxiety (PAS). SPSS (23) software was used for data analysis. Low self-efficacy of the mother and her authoritarian parenting style can predict child's anxiety. There was a negative and significant correlation between self-efficacy of mothers and child anxiety (P≤0.006, r=-0.2); there was also a negative and significant correlation between mother's self-efficacy and authoritarian parenting style (P≤0.001, r=-0.24); the relationship between child anxiety and authoritarian parenting style was positive and significant (P≤0.001, r=0.23). The obtained results showed that the authoritarian parenting style and low self-efficacy have the ability to predict child's anxiety; therefore, it is suggested to consider modification of parenting style and increasing the self-efficacy of mothers in maternal empowerment programs.

The previous studies in Iran and around the world show the high consumption of psychiatric and addictive drugs.  In this regard, the university students are at high risk of substance abuse. The purpose of this study was the assessment of the association between the use of psychiatric drugs and addictive substances and related factors among medical students of Azad University in Zahedan. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 260 students that were selected using stratified random sampling. The data were collected using interview and registered in questionnaire. The subjects were asked about history, type and method of prescription for consumption of psychiatric drugs, history of referring to psychologist and conditions for using addictive drugs. Data were analyzed in Stata.14 using chi square test and multiple logistic regression with Odds Ratios. The prevalence of using psychiatric and addictive drugs was 35% and 27.7%, respectively. The consumption of psychiatric drugs was related to using addictive drugs, history of referring to psychologist, sex and marital status (P<0.05).On the other hand, the use of addictive drugs was related to sex, field of study, living place and having smoker friends (P<0.05). As compared with previous studies, the use of these drugs among university students of medical sciences is relatively high. It seems that   providing themedical students with proper consultation  and those  with history of referring to  psychiatrist and also students that live in private houses (rather than shared dormitories) can decrease the use of addictive  substances, especially smoking and psychiatric drugs without prescription among the university students.

One of the unknown equipment inside our country, especially for researchers, is the DMA system, which used to particle size distribution, especially for nanoparticles. The purpose of this paper was to review the studies carried out in this field, assessment of the evolution and importance of the application of this system and introduce the true position of this system among researchers in the field. In this study, by searching in the databases including, Google Scholar، ProQuest، Science Direct and PubMed, with selecting keywords such as DMA, Electrical Mobility and Particle Counters, 16 studies were examined, from 1950 to 2018. According to the results, the main advantages of DMA systems include their high ability to measure and classify a wide range of particles with a diameter of 1 to 1000 nanometer, quick response time, high-resolution particle size measurement, minimum sample loss and low cost of design and development. Differential mobility analyzer system is a powerful tool in the measurement and determine the particle size distribution based on their electrical mobility.So this system can be widely used in industrial and research areas