فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 41، بهار 1398)

Research examining social anxiety and bulimia nervosa disorder has shown the role of various variables about them. The goal of current study was to assess the discriminative role of the fear of positive and negative evaluation, positive and negative perfectionism and self-focused attention between bulimia nervosa disorder, social anxiety disorder and normal individuals. Using an expose-facto design, 90 subjects (30 bulimia nervosa, 30 social anxiety and 30 normal individuals) were selected by available sampling method and completed the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN),  Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), Fear of Positive  Evaluation Scale (FPES), Fear of Negative Evaluation   Scales(FNES-B), Positive and Negative Perfectionism(PNP) and Self-focused Attention Questionnaire(FAQ). Data were analyzed using a Diagnostic Analysis.  The results showed higher mean scores of the positive perfectionism in normal group and bulimia nervosa compared with the mean scores in social anxiety group. The mean scores in the Social Anxiety group in all of the variables except Positive Perfectionism was higher than the normal group and bulimia nervosa as well. Results of the diagnostic analysis showed a compound of significant variables respectively for fear of negative evaluation, negative perfectionism, internal attention, fear of positive evaluation and external attention which make a discrimination among three groups.  It could be concluded that the fear of negative evaluation, negative perfectionism, self-focused attention and fear of positive evaluation could distinct occurrence of social anxiety and bulimia nervosa disorders; thus the ttreatment interventions should address these factors.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the virtual reality exposure therapy and the mindfulness-acceptance therapy on social self-efficacy and social anxiety symptoms among social anxiety patients. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and statistical population included reffered social anxiety patients to a counseling center in Tehran.The sample consisted of 30 social anxiety patients of a counseling center in Tehran during the summer and Fall 2018 with social anxiety disorder diagnosis based on clinical interview and social phobia inventory (SPIN) cut point which selected through available sampling and then randomly divided to two experimental groups (n=15). Instruments included Gaudiano and Herbert self-efficacy for social situations scale (SESS) and Connor et al. social phobia inventory (SPIN) and data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results showed that the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy and mindfulness-acceptance therapy on social self-efficacy were significantly different and Mindfulness-acceptance therapy was more effective. In social anxiety symptoms two therapies were not different. Virtual reality exposure therapy and mindfulness-acceptance therapy could be useful for social self-efficacy and social anxiety disorder symptoms, but mindfulness-acceptance therapy is more efficient for social self-efficacy.

Drug use and involvement with its harmful effects are major challenges for most societies.The extent of this destruction is so much that it affects not only the individual but also the social relationships of friends, family, education and work. Marijuana is a prevalent drug among young people and its consumption has grown more in youth rather than cigarettes and alcohol. The aim of this study was to compare the visual memory of marijuana dependents to normal individuals. The present study was a causal-comparative study which was performed on two groups of marijuana and normal individuals by available sampling method. The statistical population of this study was all individuals with marijuana consumption in Tehran who referred to addiction treatment centers from May to August 2017. The sample consisted of 30 marijuana users and the group of 30 normal individuals who were selected from adolescent addicts who were matched in terms of age, sex and education with the marijuana group. To test the visual memory function, the Ray-Ostrrieth Complex Figure Test was used. The results showed that marijuana-dependent people had more problems in visual memory and scored lower scores in all three stages of testing compared to the normal group. Regular use of marijuana has many defects and cognitive impairments in the performance of visual memory. These types of defects can be considered in rehabilitation programs intended to improve the conditions of addicts and treat them, and seek to design appropriate programs to reduce them.

Bulimia is a well- known and major eating disorder. While different factors can lead to this disorder the anxiety sensitivity and body image are two of them. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a Dialectical Behavioral Therapy on anxiety sensitivity and body image in female participants with bulimia nervosa. We used a semi-experimental (pre-test, post-test with nonequivalent Control group) research design. The statistical population of the study consisted of 24 high school females with Bulimia nervosa who were chosen through purposive sampling in Neishabor. To collect the information Fisher Body Image Scale (FBIS) and Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI-R) were administered. After pre-test the Dialectical Behavioral Therapy protocol was performed in 12 sessions. For data analysis the Multivariate Analysis of Covariance was applied. The results revealed that DBT could make a difference in the anxiety sensitivity and body image measures in female students with bulimia nervosa at a post-test stage between two groups. The dialectical behavioral therapy can be helpful to improve the anxiety sensitivity and body image in females with bulimia nervosa and is recommended for them  to clinicians.

The aim of this study was to investigate the multiple relationships between emotional regulation strategies, pain self-efficacy and disease perception with psychological well-being in women with breast cancer in Isfahan city. A descriptive  correlational research design were administered and statistical population included all breast cancer women referred to Isfahan health centers in the Spring 2018. Consequently, 160 breast cancer women were selected by available sampling method and based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data collection tools consisted of Gross and John's Emotion Regulation Questionnaires, Nicholas Pain Self-Efficacy Inventory (PSEQ), Bradbent et.al Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) and Reif's Psychological Well-being Questionnaire(RPWS). The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between re-evaluation strategy(0/20), understanding the outcomes(0/16), personal control(0/17), treatment control(0/16) and total score of Perception of Disease(0/17) with psychological well-being in women with cancer.The results of a regression analysis showed that among all variables 1- perceived illness outcome and 2- re-appraisal strategy could significantly predict changes in the psychological well-being of breast cancer women. Two variables could explain 8% of the variance of psychological well-being. According to the results, changes in the re-evaluation strategy and understanding the outcomes of the disease are associated with changes in the psychological well-being of women with breast cancer. Therefore, by recognizing and understanding deeper psychological characteristics and beliefs about the disease in women with breast cancer, they can take steps to increase their psychological well-being with new conditions.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a Group Logotherapy protocol on resilience in women with Alexithymia symptoms. A semi-experimental design by pretest-posttest with control group were applied. The statistical population included referred Alexithymia women to Tabriz treatment centers during a 4 month interval. Among these a total number of 24 subjects using Toronto Alexithymia Scale- 20  were screened and divided to experimental and control groups (n=12) in a randomly basis. The experimental group received Group Logotherapy for 10 session of 90 minutes, while no intervention made on control group. Subjects of both group were completed Conner & Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC) in pretest and posttest occasions. The data were extracted and a Multivariable Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) administered. The results showed that logotherapy after 10 sessions significantly impact the resilience mean scores in the experimental group rather than control group at posttest stage. According to the findings of the present research, the Group Logotherapy could be a useful intervention to increase resilience of the Alexithymia women and is then recommended to the clinicians in work with these patients..

Stuttering can affect all personal and social aspects of life and negatively influence the mental and emotional health, as well as, life and self satisfaction in people. This research aimed to examine the effectiveness of mental simulation therapy on life satisfaction and self-satisfaction in stutterers aged between 20-45 in Tehran. In a semi-experimental research with pretest-posttest designs along with follow-up tests about 30 stutterers in the age range of 20 to 45 refered to Tehran rehabilitation clinics were selected using available sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The Life-satisfaction and Self-satisfaction Questionnaires, as well as, Taghizadeh’s Mental Simulation Package were applied. The final data were analyzed by an ANCOVA statistical analysis. The results were shown that mental simulation therapy could significantly increase the levels of self-satisfaction and life-satisfaction in the stutterers in the experimental group compared to the control group. Mental simulation therapy can be used to increase self-satisfaction and life- satisfaction in stutterers due to its emphasis on useful psychological practice and techniques and enabling the mind and speech .

The validation of an effective scale in the field of normal sexual behavior in children can create a comprehensive program for educating parents and psychologists to prevent potential problems in this regard. This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of normal sexual behavior scale in Iranian children. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which the validity and reliability of children sexual behavior index (CSBI) were assessed on 230 Iranian children who had referred to Sheikh's Hospital in Mashhad between October to March 2015. Questionnaire was translated into Persian, and under the control of experts, 15 items that were consistant with Iraninan culture and determinant, selected as appropriate items in assessing normal sexual behavior in children. The method of data collection was fieldwork and using the questionnaire completing by the child's parents. According to the data, the items of speaking about sexual issues and the extent of questioning about sexual issues and the child's tendency to touch the adults and the child's tendency to kiss the adults had the highest correlation that was above 50%. This study supported the quadratic model, which evaluated the contents of the questionnaire and each factor was named based on the content. The first factor was named as mental busy with sexual issues, the second factor as sexual desire, the third factor as Self-disciplined, and the fourth factor as tendency to spontaneity. Cronbach's alpha for children normal sexual behavior index was 0.77 and Cronbach's alpha for each of the components was calculated between 0.75 and 0.78. The present study indicated that children normal sexual behavior index has high internal consistency and can be applied as a suitable tool by researches for evaluation of children's sexual health.

The aim of this study was to predict marital adjustment among young couples in Ahvaz based on personality traits, differentiation of self and psychological hardiness. Design of this study was descriptive-correlational. Statistical population included all young couples in the age range of 20 to 40 years old in Ahvaz city in 2019. Participants were 368 male and female that were selected by a multistage cluster sampling method among all young couples. Tools were Neo Five Factor Inventory, Differentiation of self-Inventory, Kobasa Hardiness Questionnaire and Graham–Bisspicrrier Marital Adjustment Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis.       From Neo personality traits: E (0/75), C (0/49), A(0/48), O(0/33) and N(-0/54); from differentiation of self dimensions: I position (0/56), emotional reactivity (0/40), emotional fusion (-0/19) and from  hardiness:  commitment (0/41), challenge (0/42) and control (0/42) were related with marital adjustment. Regression analysis showed significantly Beta coefficients  for E(0/63), N(-0/11), O(0/07), for I position (0/59), emotional reactivity0/27, emotional fusion (0/26), emotional cutoff (-0/13), and for control (0/26), challenge(0/22) and commitment (0/18). It could be concluded that couples who are higher in E, C, A, O and lower in N, and are more differentiated of self and psychological hardiness are more compatible in their marital life.