فصلنامه جامعه پژوهی فرهنگی
سال نهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1397)

The inner nature of both artists and poets is located in the center of contradictions and spiritual fluctuations. Hope and optimism in contrast to despair and pessimism are one of the most common innate contradictions of most poets. Despair and pessimism which are considered to be as both spiritual and mental agitation are rooted from crisis and failures; they are caused mainly by the environment and society and will affect human’s mind. In Persian contemporary poems and especially in Akavan-e-Saleth's poems, there are more themes of despair, sadness and pessimism than those of other poets, so that Akhavan could be considered as the symbol of failure and despair in the center of contemporary poems. His artistic works of the first decade reflects not only the poet's personal problems but also social, political and cultural failures of Iran, too. Within the time period of before and after the 28th Mordad coup, Akhavan published his first three volumes as his initial artistic works. The pendulum between despair and hope in his poems has been swinging against him so that he could never detach himself from for the rest of his life. This study attempts to investigate the origins of hope and despair and their fluctuations on Akhavan's poem regarding his three volumes: 'Arghanon','Zemestan', and 'Akhar-e-Shahnameh'.

In the past, due to lack of access to the doctor, the practice was popular among folks in non-professional terms. Popular medicine was usually superstition. Part of the past superstition of the past has penetrated the thoughts of the people, whose works are visible in people's beliefs. Studying at university is very effective in reducing superstitions. The purpose of this study is to investigate university education in reducing the level of superstition in health and treatment. This descriptive-comparative study was conducted in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province.
Participants included 500 people including: the general population (159), undergraduate students (189 students) and postgraduate students (152). Students (undergraduate and postgraduate) were randomly selected, but ordinary people were close friends of students who collaborated on an exemplary basis, but on condition that they had not completed university studies. The findings show that the general population more than educated, university and married people more than single people, those over the age of 50 are supposed to superstitions more than those under the age of 50. Women in the popular group believe in superstitions more than men of the same group. But there was no difference in the level of superstition in educated women and men in a university. University education leads to the reduction of superstition in people.

In the social life of humans, the interaction and communication lead to social thoughts extension. The social life continuance among today's world amazing evolution is hard, except by social capital helping concepts,specially reliance. Social capital knows the social relations, the capital of a society base. This approach has three components: the norm, the reliance, and the communion. Paying attention to social capital concepts and components is a continuous stream of consciousness which has been hung on for years and even centuries. And can find its confirmations in the past thinkers mind and language amongst Sa'di in different forms. Sa'di, because of several voyages and accompaniment with different groups, was familiar with the social life basis and social thoughts of his time and had proceeded with them. This article, for acquaintance with the social viewpoint of Sa'di, has checked the reliance component, which is exponent of real life of his time in Golestan book predicatively with qualitative and quantitative analysis and has shown the amount of Sa'di's attention to that. So the most emphasis of Sa'di, after normativism, has been on reliance and among the reliance indices the security feeling has had the highest frequency and can know it as the noteworthy index of society of Sa'di's time based on the circumstances of the 7th century. The formal reliance, informal reliance, and the generalized reliance in Golestan has shone in its chapters meaningfully and there is a direct relation between the title, chapter concepts, and the reliance component.

This research has been conducted with a sociological approach and a survey method and attempts have been made to examine some of the variables that affect the transition from traditional identity to modern identity. The studied population consisted of undergraduate students at Shoushtar Azad University (4300 students), of which 380 were selected as samples. Sampling was done using simple random quotas based on the number of college students. The required information was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Using SPSS software, using appropriate statistical tests of the relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable (Tests: Significance difference, Tukey, Spearman test, Pearson test, and Linear regression analysis). The results of the statistical tests show that, in total, 14 variables were entered into the regression equation. Independent variables of gender 041 /. , Age 008 /. , Marital status 18 /, father's education 076 /, father's occupation 010 /. , Family income 047 /. , Mother's career 145.-, social participation rate 404 /. , The rate of use of communication devices 082 /. , Human Relations Level 117 /. , Social Income 113 /. And the level of religiosity 088 /. Have influenced the dependent variable. Beta coefficients show that, in total, these variables account for 49.5% of the causes of dependent variables.

Collective memory consists of four stages of formation, registration, association and transfer. The role of wall paintings as a sign of the identity of many monuments is more important in the first two phases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the two stages of formation and recording of collective memory in the Karim Khan citadel in Shiraz. The main question of the research is that the mutual effects of clearing of historical wall paintings and the ability to formulate and record collective memory? The research method is (quantitative-qualitative) and data collection is done in two stages of library studies and field studies. Data were analyzed by Manova multivariate analysis. The results of data analysis show that attention to different dimensions of cleaning in the form of attention to the harmony and integrity of the paintings, historical values, extensions and peeling, the age and originality of the paintings, the values Aesthetics, Historical Symbols and Symbols, Patagonia, Different Historical Periods of Wall Paintings, Strong Strengths Over the Past, and the Level of Preservation of the Identity and the Truth of the Wall Paintings, and the Creation of an Appropriate Course for Continuing to Visit Wall Paintings And the imaging of wall paintings strengthens the ability to formulate and record collective memory over a wall paintings.

The following research aims to provide a model for the development of social capital in the Foundation Of Martyrs And Veterans Affairs. In this research Mixed methods has been used. The qualitative section is based on interpretative paradigm and the approach is developmental. The research startegy is Thematic Analysis. In the qualitative stage,the data were gathered through 15 deep and semi structured interviwes with experts who had  scientific , empirical , managerial and self sacrificing qualifications and using MAXQDA12 application , they have been encoded. In the quantitative section, survey and questionnaire have been used. The statistical population includes parents,spouse and children of martyrs,veterans with over 25% disability and their spouses and children, captives and their spouses and children,residing in Tehran. A sample of 384 people was determined using cochran’s formula. To increase the accuracy the questionnaire was distributed to 400 people and finally 389 questionnaire were returned. The findings show that the proposed model consist of 3 comprehensive context related,content related and structure related themes, 9 main themes and 24 sub themes; that based on the results of the factor analysis,all themes from subsidiary to comprehensive are acceptable and the status of social capital in Foundation Of Martyrs are desirable and is about 73.8%