فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی
پیاپی 30 (بهار 1398)

Investigating and clarifying the equilibrium and balance between the regions is one of the main issues in the field of regional planning and policy. In this article, after the examination and pathology of the country's development plans regarding development policy and regional balance using the Williamson's index will examine the inequality between regions in reformist governments, justice and moderation in the most important economic and social sectors.Drafting and approval of national rules of the building, preparation of national development documents of provinces, designing and creating a revenue-income system, paying provincial and administrative agencies, financing, providing and allocating the following resources, providing incentives for investors to invest in less developed regions, creating Balanced budget rows in the budget law to promote the economic and social indicators of low-income cities are the most important approaches to balancing the regions that have been manifested in the country's development plans, which are the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and Threat in the field of Regional Balance Policies Identification and Strategic Strategies Was offered.Williamson's results also show that the inequality between the provinces during the third plan (reform government) has been unchanged, but with the beginning of the fourth development plan (the justice system), inequalities between the provinces have increased, and in the final years of the tenth state (2011) The process of inequality between provinces has declined, and this process of reducing inequalities between provinces in the moderately oriented state continues.

One of the latest and most important theories in policy knowledge is interactive policy theory. An interactive policy is a process in which several groups are actively involved and jointly make a decision. Regarding the status of the policy-making process in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the need for such mechanisms is twofold so that it can be countered by the phenomena such as money laundering. Money laundering is one of the most significant examples of administrative corruption that can reasonably be said to occur in all countries of the world. The main objective of this research is to develop a model for combating money laundering using an interactive policy making approach. Considering the extent of this issue, this model is designed in the Islamic Republic of Iran Banking System. The research approach is either blended or combined with a sequential exploratory approach. Firstly, qualitative data and then a little bit collected and analyzed. According to the findings of the study, 265 indicators were extracted from interviews and international and domestic literature, among which 56 indicators were identified and 5 themes were identified. Based on the results of the research, the importance of the content of the main and most important factors of intergovernmental policy-making in combating money laundering in the banking system of Islamic Republic of Iran. Most desirable model in the fight against money laundering is a model based on an interactive policy approach that can be effective in combating money laundering by utilizing effective participatory partnerships.

This paper seeks to examine the impact of rentier state on the process of privatization in post-revolution Iran. In this regard, the budget share of state-owned companies from the total budget of the country is considered as an index of privatization, and the state's 40 percent dependence on natural resources rents as an indicator of rentier state. Accordingly, the main question of this paper is how has the rentier state affected the process of privatization in Iran after the revolution? In response to this question, the hypothesis of the present paper is that the rentier state has increased the size of the state in the economy through two factors, i.e. increasing the size of the state's general budget and regulation. this, combined with Article 44 of the Constitution, resulted in failure of privatization. The research approach adopted in this paper is of qualitative nature, the character of this paper is qualitative, its method is analytical-descriptive, its approach is political economy, and the information gathering tool is documentary type.

Environmental degradation and its threats have become global in recent decades. To deal with these threats, International cooperation has been developed in the form of international conventions and agreements. However, international cooperation, in spite of the mandatory guidelines in various conventions, has not been successful in practice. The purpose of this article is to explain a critical Interpretation of the barriers to effective government cooperation on global environmental issues based on the of Neo-Gramscianism approach in international relations. The question is the question is why international environmental cooperation, in spite of growing awareness of environmental threats, has failed in practice and environmental challenges remain as unresolved international issues yet? In answer to this question, Neo-Gramscianism, while challenge both the centrality of the nation state and the underlying principle of anarchy in understanding and explaining international politics as a factor in reducing the incentive for state cooperation, argue that international politics is an area in which global capitalist forces which have generated a hierarchical international system. . For this reason, they believe that the any structure of regime’s cooperation between states, including environmental regimes, has been shaped by the interests of hegemony and the forces of the global capital (the historical block) Related to it.

Comparative education is an area through which education system of a country is analyzed by utilizing data and educational systems of other countries and policies for improving education are developed. By studying and analyzing the educational system of Japan for the critical and crucial level of elementary education and adjusting it to the elementary educational System in Iran, this study is also to help improving the quality of elementary education in Iran. Therefore, the main question this study addresses is: "considering the education system in Japan, what is the main factor behind relative inefficiency of elementary education system in Iran?” The initial answer (hypothesis) is: “The main reason for the relative inefficiency of elementary education system in Iran, compared to Japan, is the low levels of the significant element of interaction in the elementary education system in Iran in its various forms and levels.” The present study is comparative and requires describing and analyzing the phenomena associated with each of the two elementary education systems in Japan and Iran. To reach this purpose purpose, the six-step method of comparative study by David Philips is applied. Research findings also confirm the research hypothesis.

Whileover the past decade, national energy policies in Iran, have focused on market liberalization, collaborative governance has been selected as a new model for renewable energy development policies and has created new interactions between government and non-state actors. The collaborative governance of renewable energy development, as a major solution to pollution, climate change and economic growth, has been selected as a new model for development policies in Iran, and have caused new interactions between public, private, and public actors. This research by using qualitative methodology and after 25 semi-structured interviews with policy makers, managers of organizations and companies, NGOs and investors to present a participatory development model with an institutional approach in Iran. The collaborative governance is a process that has initiated by motivation and moving the engagement cycle through effective interaction. By resolving conflicts, building trust and creating commitment amongst actors, this cycle enhances the collaborative process and achieves the desired outcomes. In this model, the dual role of cognitive, normative and formal institutions as a factor for progress and simultaneously a factor for prohibition of collaboration have investigated. The government by introducing incentive laws, has created the incentive to invest in this sector. But some of the normative and cognitive institutional barriers, such as conflict of interests, non-commitment of state officials and private-sector distrust, have led to a lack of progress in development. At the end, some solutions including: commitment tools (campaigns, coalitions, and associations), participation of state organizations in paying social and social benefits, realizing the prices of energy carriers and using the combination of demand-side policies as the supply side have been proposed.

Effective governance with the approach of long-term energy security and environmental considerations requires the interaction and adaptation to balance the economic benefits of projects and environmental concerns. Due to the transnational nature of the environmental hazards of the oil and gas industry contracts, the responsibility of contractors and transnational corporations must be monitored by the social responsibility system, international industrial and environmental standards. Also, policymakers in the field of energy security should assess the environmental risks of energy-related projects as the most recent dimension of energy security. In the past few decades corporate social responsibility and global citizenship of companies has turned to the dominant paradigm of legal and management sphere of companies. It has to say that big companies believe that they are responsible of their corporate strategy in front of the society and they feel obliged to cooperate with the rules and norms and values of the host country. While this area is expanding and improving and changing to the mandatory law, it belongs to the soft law. In short we can predict that this sphere will be one of the most important part of the legal systems and will oversee the other parts of law and predictably some conventions will be codified in this sphere of knowledge.

This article intends to explain the process of Iran’s access to uranium enrichment technology and the factors behind the Islamic Republic’s strategic decision to pursue this program. Iraq’s invasion as well as arms embargo and economic sanctions at the beginning of 1980s gave the newly-established Islamic Republic the valuable lesson that it has to get strong and create a durable deterrence without violating international law and its global obligations. The key goal of this article is to respond to the question of what was Iran’s objective in pursuing uranium enrichment technology and what requirements compelled it to set foot on this costly path? Findings of this research on the basis of historical research method show that Iran enriched uranium with the goal of obtaining a powerful, credible and legal leverage within the framework of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and creating legitimate deterrence so that foreigners won’t mull the idea of military attack or regime change. Achievement of nuclear hedging capability gave Iran an opportunity not only to display its technological capability as a source of national pride and a symbol of self-esteem but also increase its bargaining power at the global stage. This research concludes that Iran, by achieving perfection in uranium enrichment and adopting a policy of “constructive interaction”, forced the West to recognize the Islamic Republic as it is and reach a grand bargain with Iran.

In the era of change, uncertainty and instability, continuous improvement of Iran’s defense power is necessary and needs continuous attempt for future architecture.  Although this attempt is full of risks, but the acceptance of this risk is better than only seeing the future changes.  ICT megatrends are a most important effective area on defense industry future. On the other hand, after announcing the macro policies of defensive and safety policies. Analyzing and formulating the future scenarios is attainable. This research is to identifying the ICT megatrends that are important for defense industry foresight to achieving Islamic-Persian model of development. This research uses a mixed method. Result showed that for defense industry foresight, ICT megatrends included information security management, social networks, communication infrastructures, innovation networks on IT context, artificial intelligence, internet of things and data centers and data bases should be considered.

In the past few years, the development of a knowledge-based economy and, as a result, innovation and technology financing have been at the forefront of attention by managers and policymakers to improve the business environment. The main challenge that emerged with the passage of time and the implementation of existing models is that the knowledge-based criteria of a company are different with the criteria and indicators supporting the knowledge-based Companies, given their characteristics, need special support that types and levels of support vary in each technology field. The knowledge-based economy is a paradigm that influences and penetration of science and technology in the structure of an economy, quantitative and qualitative innovation is importance. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to improve and categorize the Iranian knowledge-based companies so that the type of support provided by these companies is smarter. The designed model is based on 5 main variables, company size (structural and financial factors), innovation and technology characteristics (technology complexity), type of company, and level of company activity in any technology field. Proposed categorization based on qualitative analysis of experts' opinions is presented using the Atlas TI software in four categories that are responsible for the country's problems.

The hard conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRAN) and the United States of America (US) has been discussed for decades by bothdomestic and external analysts. In this paper, the conflict between the US and IRAN has been modeled and analyzed, using game theory approach in non-cooperative mode. The analysis of this conflict has been conducted based on the graph model for conflict resolution and using GMCR+ decision support system. This analysis considers two decision makers (DMs) containing the US and IRAN.Sixteenfeasible states have been analyzed among 1024 possible combinationsand accordingly, six states are predicted as the equilibria. Based on different solution concepts for stability definition and the preferences vector of DMs on different scenarios, the model’sequilibrium is determined.In other words, the most likely outcome of the conflict is predicted.The equilibrium resulted from the analysis of the model,expresses that, the possibilityof a severe conflict between the US and IRAN is very unlikely.The other equilibria can determine the behavior of each of the battle players depending on the different circumstances of the conflict. The analyses results show that using this method enables us to analyze the behavior of the battle players in a rational process of decision making to reach the self-desired state or outcome. Findings of this research might help both players to make the right decision and to adopt an appropriate response in confronting the enemy and to change the behavior and decision of the enemy.

The analysis of Iran-Saudi security controversy is a structural aspect of this paper.The powers of Iran and Saudi Arabia, according to a new theory of realism, have always faced the difficulty of insecurity. So, the basic question that make up this paper are as follows: The imbalance in the triangular power balance of the Middle East with the collapse of Iraqi power in 2003howhas led to an intensification of the conflicts as a result of new realism?How does the formation of US competition (as superior power and hegemony of the international system) affect Iran as a major regional power in terms of new realism on Iran-Saudi relations )as second-rate power(?By default, the analysis of the Iran-Saudi conflict is due to the conflicts of the international system, which is overlapping with regional contradictions. Given the fact that Iran-Saudi Arabia has historically a background in conflict of identity, Thus, the conflict with the sectarian form has taken place. From this perspective, structural contradictions have diminished to an ideological conflict. Because the struggle is not a cause, but merely a consequence that has emerged in the form of a sectarian-identity struggle.

The study of political developments in Syria and Iraq is necessary for the strategic decisions making of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and for maintaining the national interests of Islamic Republic of Iran in the region due to their effects on the regional security complex of the Middle East as well as on the distribution of power in the region. To this end, we will outline future scenarios for two countries based on past and present trends, the drivers of the crisis and uncertainties in the Middle East in order to reach to an Analytical and realistic consideration of developments in Syria and Iraq. Naturally, it is diffcult to predict the conditions underlying crises in Syria and Iraq will end there because of the presence of regional and trans-regional powers and their impact on the developments in Syria and Iraq The findings of this study indicate that there is likelihood of the formation of a united and cohesive government in Iraq, Of course, this united and cohesive government will be accompanied by regional threats and opportunities for its neighbors. Given the polarization and balance of power in Syria, the future of this country is a more complicated situation, with more probability of federal government in this country.

One of the most important concerns of recent decades is the environmental issue and the control of pollutants from various industries, including the construction industry. On the other hand, increasing in construction, especially in developing countries, is inevitable. This industry also produces and releases significant amounts of emmisions throughout its supply chain. In this paper, a dynamic model has been developed in which carbon dioxide gas emission from the construction supply chain are simulated. The developed model for validation was subjected to structural and behavioral validation tests. Then, by using sensitivity analysis and policy analysis of model, some scenarios were developed and the result of the simulation of scenarios was investigated. The simulation result using Vensim software shows that with implementation of incentive policies, creation of deterrent laws and regulations, and the efforts to deploy green supply chain training it is possible to reduce the growth of carbon dioxide emissions from the construction industry.

Conflict of interest refers to situations that are created by contrast and conflict between individual or group obligations and benefits and put him in opposition to his responsibility. The health system, as the most important system in society, is always encounter with a challenge named conflict of interest because of complex financial and economic structure and also accessibility of society to services. Conflict of interest in the health system is detectable in all of the management and services area and can provide corruption basis. Due to relation of health system with the most important asset of people, means health, confront with challenge like conflict of interest is really important. One of the most important actions to confront with conflict of interest is creating approaches based on transparency including the creation of electronic health record and creating regulatory frameworks. Also, confront with dual practice problem in the health system is one of the most important actions.

The concept of global health diplomacy was operationally operational for the first time in 1851 when European countries gathered at the first health conference on collaboration and coordination for cholera, plague and fever diseases. Since the country of Iran faces many challenges and issues, especially environmental issues (the phenomenon of repercussions, droughts), economic problems, and numerous regional sanctions and wars, the country of Iran needs to be in a position to face the challenges of the Middle East. Specialist diplomats, along with training courses on communication and health issues, talks, diplomacy skills, and the skills of cultural, economic, and security diplomacy, will bring the greatest benefits from the potential for building diplomatic relations in the health field. .Given the current status of the strategy of health diplomacy in Iran and the importance of training diplomacy skills for diplomats, the creation of training courses is essential for the future of diplomacy diplomats in the field of diplomacy, Provides appropriate diploma-related negotiations and related sciences.