Sustainable Aquaculture and Health Management Journal
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Summer and Autumn 2018

Echinoids were collected at depth of 0-5 m from coastal water of Larak Island, the Persian Gulf in January 2016. Soft tissues of the animal including peristome, peritoneum, gills, podium, ampulla, axial organ, gonads and food canal were taken and fixed in %10 formalin. Five micron sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin method and studied under light microscope. The anatomy and histology of organs including peristome, peritoneum, gills, podium, ampulla, axial organ, gonads and food canal were investigated. In oral view, peristome, mouth, teeth, gills, spines, and pedicellariae were the six major compartments. Aboral view was seen as a round shape consisted of tube feet, spines, pedicellariae, madreporite, genital plate, ocular plate and anus. In both oral and aboral view seven types of spines and five types of pedicellariae were reported. Histological evaluation showed the organization of their layers and cells. In this study some anatomical and histological features of the Persian Gulf Echinometra mathaei were characterized. The data presented in this paper could be illuminating the path for marine biologists, anatomists, and histologists to use this creature in their desired research areas, basic or industrial approaches.

This research was carried out to study the effect of dietary garlic extract on some blood, immunity and growth parameters in common carp fingerlings. One hundred thirty five fish with an average weight of 15 ± 3.4 g were cultivated in 9 aquariums of 20 liters, with a density of 15 in each. Fish were fed with two diets of 1 and 5 g kg-1 garlic extract for 8 weeks. By the end of the eighth week; growth, blood and immunity parameters were measured in fish. Mean temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH during the experiments were 17.01 ± 1.7 °C, 7.23 ± 0.41 mg L-1 and 7.51 ± 0.81, respectively. Fish were fed with 5 g kg-1 garlic extract had lower FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio) than the control group (p<0.05). Final weight, weight rate, Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and mean daily growth in treatment groups did not show a significant difference with the control group (p>0.05). The highest number of White Blood Cells (WBC), Lymphocyte, the highest amount of Lysozyme and IgM were reported in fish receiving the 5 g kg-1 garlic extract compared to the control (p<0.05). Based on the results, garlic extract at 5 g kg-1 supplemented diet can improve some parameters of the blood, immune and growth of Common Carp fingerlings.

Gelatin is a valuable protein source and a commercial hydrocolloid which is particularly applied for food, pharmaceutical, and photographic industries. Commercial gelatin is basically from pig and cow, which because of religious reasons and risk of transmission of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) respectively, not acceptable to use. Therefore gelatin extraction from fish, and especially it,s waste has considerable importance. In the present study, after the extraction of gelatin from economic fish skin of carp (Cyprinus carpio), various formulations of this gelatin with cow,s  gelatin have been used in ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% to pastill production. Then, the physicochemical experiments include of ash, protein, moisture, iron, phosphorus, zinc and lithium content, and color measurement were done on one day after of pastill production. The results showed that the treatment based on 75% fish gelatin had the highest moisture, protein, phosphorus, iron, ash and zinc content (p<0.05) while the highest level of potassium and lithium content was related to treatment based on 100% industrial gelatin (Cow,s) (p<0.05). Industrial treatment showed the highest L* value (lightness) and the lowest index a* (green–red) and b* (blue–yellow) value (p<0.05). It can be concluded that useless waste of fish as halal gelatin can be a good substitute instead of other gelatin for children's favorite junk foods, which has higher levels of zinc and protein content with economical benefits.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of edible coating based on Lepidium sativum seed gum containing different levels of carvacrol on microbial, physical quality and shelf life of farmed shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) during refrigerated storage (18 days). At first, different concentrations of carvacrol (0, 5, 10 and 15%) were added to edible coating. After that the color indexes, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of coating samples were studied. Then the shrimp samples were covered with these coating solutions, and were evaluated the effects of them on samples quality and shelf life. The obtained results from edible coating tests showed that by increasing the carvacrol in edible coating, the antioxidant activity and L* values of samples were increased significantly, conversely, the b* value significantly was decreased (p<0.05). Microbial analysis of shrimp samples indicated that edible coating containing 10% and 15% carvacrol had significant effects on reducing microbial load (p<0.05). The smallest changes in pH and TBA amounts were seen in the coating samples enriched with 10% and 15% carvacrol. Using of coating containing different levels of carvacrol was increased L* and a* values while the b* significantly was decreased (p<0.05). The results stated that the application of edible coating enriched with carvacrol significantly improved sensory quality of samples (p<0.05). It has been confirmed that coating the shrimps with cress seed coating containing 10% and 15% carvacrol retarded the melanosis in shrimp samples. This study thus clearly indicated the effect of cress seed gum coating containing carvacrol on shrimp samples improved their good quality characteristics and the shelf life during refrigerated storage, which was supported by the results of microbiological, chemical, and sensorial properties. The shrimp treated with cress seed gum coating containing 10% carvacrol gave a good sensory quality.

This study aimed at determining impacts of various amounts of water-soluble poly-saccharide extracts from brown algae, Padina australis (Hauck) (WPP) on actions of anti-oxidant enzymes, the growth, and non-specific immune response of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone). Triplicate groups of shrimp (1 ± 0.1g) have been given feed 4 iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets composing of 4 levels; that is, 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g kg-1 of WPP extract for eight weeks. Analyses showed that significantly positive effects of diets with 1.0 g kg-1 of WPP extract on the growth function of the studied groups. Additionally, improvements of the anti-oxidant enzyme activities, such as catalase, malondialdehyde, super-oxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase via feeding 0.5 and 1 g kg-1 of WPP extracts. Furthermore, activity of phenoloxidase and lysozyme in the treatment fed by 0.5 and 1 g kg-1 of WPP extract have been considerably greater in comparison to the controls and 1.5 g kg-1 treatments. Findings demonstrated that usage of 1.0 g kg-1 of water soluble poly-saccharides extract of the P. australis are useful on growth function, antio-xidant and non0specific immune variables of the L. vannamei.

Foodborne diseases in nature are usually infectious or toxic, caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites or chemicals, transmitted through food or water contaminated by the human body. To control the disease, as well as to ensure that the food is safe and healthy, its risks must be checked, detected and controlled. The goals of food industry are to produce healthy and high quality products that requires no contamination with bacteria. The use of natural preservatives such as herbal extracts and essential oils is recommended. Allium atroviolaceum is a family of Alliaceae and is a perennial herb which has a high nutritional value. The role of plant extracts has been evaluated as a preservative. The total number of bacteria calculated followed by treatment of the aqueous and ethanol extractions of the A. atroviolaceum on rainbow trout fish fillet. 100 µl of aqueous and alcoholic extracts followed by ten times dilution used to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration, then 25 grams of rainbow trout fillet was submerged with the best concentrations of aqueous and alcoholic extracts.  The results illustrated that the best aqueous and alcoholic extractions against Staphylococcus aureus was 3.125 mg ml-1 and 6.25 mg ml-1 and followed by treatment on fish both type of extraction showed inhibition on growth of bacteria compare to control group. So we believe that this plant has such a valuable effect to improve the quality and shelf life of fish.