International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain prevention
Volume:3 Issue: 4, Autumn 2018

Work-related Musculoskeletal pain has, therefore, significant health and socio-economic effects[1].In many countries, Physical Inactivity PIA is one of the main causes of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) such as Occupational Musculoskeletal Diseases (OMSDs)[2]. Worldwide, OMSDs continue to be the leading cause of work-related disabilities’.
Those are caused by various types of work-related diseases[3]. The office employees are at risk for physical inactivity (PIA) 2-3, they usually suffer from nonfatal occupational injuries, illnesses and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). It has been argued that office employees are exposed to dangerous  of MSDs without receiving necessary cares that in turn leading to  increased OMSDs especially in developing and underdeveloped  countries[4]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the great majority of workplace unhealthy posture
are preventable and prevention is the key item that should be  addressed  to decrease OMSDs[5]. In other hand, OSHA suggested that ergonomic programs are essential for health improvement of health care workers. Ergonomic interventions could assist to reduce MSDs[6]. Given the importance of OMSDs that companied  by  bio psycho social complications , multifaceted and multidimensional educational  packages are much more likely to beeffective than any other monodisciplinary particular intervention[5]. even though  public health experts in different countries showed that occupational health (OH) practice can vary amongst different nations[7]. The competencies required of OMSDs practitioners have been the subject of peer-reviewed research in different countries around the world[8].
Significantly reducing the unhealthy behaviors regarding is not easy, also it may not be easy, and it is going to not occur and manifest overnight, but progress is truly viable. Therefore, let us, in our respective areas of obligation, set clear occupational safety and health goals, set up a road map and maximum seriously, act and persevere, so that, together, we succeed in turning the behaviors that is outbreak and make good educational progress on this dimension of these challenges of Health[9].
Office employers could engage with proper interventions to promote healthy behavior. Education in ergonomic concepts with Low Back Pain (LBP), show that observing ergonomic principles may decrease the incidence of LBP in office employers[10].
However, an interventional approach was needed to develop intervention strategies that are specifically designed for office employers [11]. This method entailed accomplishing systematic literature search and semi-based interviews with workplace employers. Based on these semi-structured interviews, an assessment of the need for a logical model to help for identifying  behavioral influencing factors for OMSDs[12]. The environmental factors that may contribute to OMSDs among health worker may cause disability and static work that could highlight social needs and norms in the workplace.
According to previous studies, personal characteristics such as knowledge and skills regarding ergonomic principals and low motivation for healthy workplace improvement could affection health workers’ behaviors. In addition to individual determinants affecting the environment of health workers, personal norms that were taken from the social environment and sources like time and money are needed to decrease OMSDs[13-15].

Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent and costly health problems world wide.this protocol study aims to develop and evaluate an interactive video film intervention in order to reduce LBP. In this randomized controlled trial study 80 referees to health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SHBUMS) will be selected according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and divided into two groups of intervention
and control. The video film will be just shown for intervention group. Data will be collected through a self-designed questionnaire regarding Physical Activity (PA) behavior, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for measuring pain severity, Rowland Maurice’s Questionnaire (RMQ) for assessing disability and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Inventory (HADS) for anxiety and depression measurement. Date will be measured at two times of pre and post intervention in both groups and analyzed through descriptive and statistical tests. The study may provide a fairly less expensive, assessable, and powerful alternative intervention for individuals suffering from LBP and related disability.

 Low Back Pain (LBP) is a cosly, recurrent and prevalent health problem among nurses. This sudy aimed to explore the effect of a multidimensional education program on changing unhealthy behaviors of nurses.   This pre-posed designed sudy was carried out on 34 nursing sudents.  Interventional program was accomplished in a three-hour session, in which the participants were familiar with musculoskeletal sysem, the right posures of this sysem, occupational factors which may cause skeletal LBP, skills of doing back exercise behaviors. The second and third hour of this session mentally factors influencing on LBP, the ways and techniques to manage daily sresses as well as healthy social skills in lifetime were discussed. The demographic and behavior quesionnaires were flled at pre and pos intervention. The data were entered into SPSS and analyzed through the paired T-Test.  Of 34 nursing sudents, 27 sudents with mean age of 22.44±2.76 completed the sudy. At 2- month follow up, the participants did back exercise signifcantly compared to initial of the sudy (p=0.003). Furthermore, keeping healthy posure of vertebra while walking and sanding were signifcantly better than before intervention (p=0.001 and p=0.05 respectively).  This sudy revealed that the educational intervention could be resulted in healthy behaviors of the nursing sudents to prevent LBP.

Due to the increasing development of industries and the need for continuous and intensive work, work-related diseases, such as Work- Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSD), have increased. The present study was carried out to evaluate the association between shifting work and WRMSD. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 male workers recruited from Mobarakeh Steel Company Esfahan, Iran during May 2015 till June 2016. The participants in this study were selected by two-stage random sampling (stratify-cluster sampling) in 3 shift categories (day worker, ordinary and rotation shifting worker) and then responded to the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Data were analysed using SPSS software (version 24) and ML-win software (version 2.3). The mean age of the participant was 42.4(SD=8.19), 39.82(SD=8.48) and 44.4(SD=3.57) years in day worker, ordinary and rotation shift worker respectively. The results showed that over the past seven days, the risk of shoulder disorders in ordinary shifts was significantly (OR=1.66, P value=0.04) higher than the rotational shift. The risk of elbow
disorders during the seven days or the past 12 months in ordinary shifts was significantly (OR = 0.38, P-value=0.01) lower than the rotational shift worker. According to the result of this study, considering shifting work greatly is helpful in preventing WRMSD. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to working conditions and risk factors for shoulder, elbow, and legs disorders

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) of university students is an important issue in order to tackle the physical, mental and social issues as early as possible to produce future leaders towards developed nations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to improve HRQOL of university students. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-post design study. Participants included nursing students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). The sample size was 27 randomly selected students. Students were invited to participate in a workshop which included two 60-minute sessions. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and Short form of Quality of Life questionnaire (SF-36) at two time points of initial of the study and 2- month follow up. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests (paired T-Test). Comparing the dimensions of HRQOL in the participants before and after the intervention indicated significant improvement of all aspects of the quality of life, particularly in general health, vitality and mental health (P<0.05). This study showed educational the program could improve the students’ mental health, general health, and vitality that in turn improved their quality of life

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) of university students is an important issue in order to tackle the physical, mental and social issues as early as possible to produce future leaders towards developed nations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to improve HRQOL of university students. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-post design study. Participants included nursing students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). The sample size was 27 randomly selected students. Students were invited to participate in a workshop which included two 60-minute sessions. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and Short form of Quality of Life questionnaire (SF-36) at two time points of initial of the study and 2- month follow up. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests (paired T-Test). Comparing the dimensions of HRQOL in the participants before and after the intervention indicated significant improvement of all aspects of the quality of life, particularly in general health, vitality and mental health (P<0.05). This study showed educational the program could improve the students’ mental health, general health, and vitality that in turn improved their quality of life