نشریه جامعه شناسی تاریخی
سال دهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1397)

This article contains a brief description and analysis of the theories of arbitrary rule and the short-term society, which the author has developed since fifty-six years ago. The full account of these theories can be found in the following books: The Persians, Ancient, Medieval and Modern Iran; Iranian History and Politics, The Dialectic of State and Society; State and Society in Iran, the Eclipse of the Qajar and the Emergence of the Pahlavis; The Short-Term Society; Nine Essays in the Historical Sociology of Iran, Oil and Economic Development; Musaddiq and the Struggle for Power in Iran; The Political Economy of Modern Iran, Despotism and Pseudo-Modernism.

The available original and Academic literature over the Iranian constitutional revolution is a voluminous multidisciplinary one to which a great deal of historiographical, sociological, etc., texts may attest. Though the Iranian constitution has been considered by the literature, whether entirely or partly, the prime objective of the present article is tracing endeavors of the constitutionalists to set up the modern state and statecraft. Seeking for modern state along the primary constitution 1285-1299 H.S. (1906-1921 A.D) finished in vain. Here surprising was any other outcome, since the constitutionalists failed to organize an independent parliament and governmental body from one hand, and disengage the heart of dissident power, the royal court and armed tribal federations, on the other hand. The failed project of the constitutionalists, building the modern state, led to new tribal centrifugal movements. In such an atmosphere Semko’s rebellion took place. His rebellion, irrelevant to the dominant anti or pro constitution environment of the time, theoretically was inspired by ethnical-political aspirations and practically fueled by tribal motivations. The Authors would portray links between defects of an unsuccessful constitutional movement and Semko’s rebellion genesis. In order to reach the goal this paper perceived two key hypotheses; firstly the constitutional projects on nation-state making were undeniably aborted, secondly due upon the abortion Semko’s rebellion developed.

Reza Shah's reforms and formation of the modern absolutist state and desired cultural assimilation requires the reconstruction of a new national identity and In order to achieve the purpose, many historians of this period are obliged to build up enjoying nationalist historiography approach to this work. That's why this type of historiography during Reza Shah Pahlavi Bsyarmvrd is important. Like many other nationalist theory historiography historiographical theories, the combination of Iran and symptoms of common arguments that represents continuous and consistent narrative of the past Iranian territory, Przmt ancient history, Sanctification nationalist values such as independence and integration of image and thought that it all look the same and are complimentary. In the present study attempts to examine this type of historiography and emphasize finalists Nasyv look over this periodSome of the texts were written in this moment of history are also considered. Providing a detailed and specific analysis of national and religious composition and feed for clear and obvious that in this period there are monuments Change history and change the style of writing code and look at it clearly reveals.

this paper tries to explain the relations between ideology of modern state and the Iranian society utopias under era of Pahlavi regime and attempts to use the views of social and political scientists to analyze the ideological nature of the Pahlavi government for social change. Article shows that what was the main cause of social resistance and “antagonism” in Iranian society against the demands of the Pahlavi government? The sociology of knowledge which is the study of the relationship between human thought and the social context is the methodology of this paper and the present paper uses a descriptive and analytical method of the “Migdal” theory of “weak state”, social control theories, and social change views as well as Carl Mannheim's views to assess the relationship between government and society in Iran. The main idea of the paper is that, since the ruling ideology did not respond to the Utopia of the “weblike” community, the ideological government and the Utopian weblike society in Iran failed to come together and eventually enter into a pattern of contradictory embedding.

The subject of this article is the generation of political modernity in Iran. The sociological analysis of political modernity in Iran, due to lack of consistency between its consequences and Western political modernity. Has been a challenging issue. In order to overcome these challenges, political modernity in Iran is studied as one of multiple forms of modernity in the world, and therefore as a unique historical fact. The main problem of this study is the question of how the generation of political modernity in Iran occurred during the period of 1889-1909. The theoretical framework of the paper has formulated based on the theory of multiple modernities. The framework contains five analytical levels: world system, colonial confrontation, sociopolitical system, collective agency and individual agency. The research method used in this research was historical-narrative analysis. The results of the research indicate that the political modernity of Iran in this period of time has been the result of several elements at five levels of analysis: Competition and cooperation among the world powers at the level of world system, Confronting Russian and British threats at the level of colonial confrontation, Economic crises, lack of independence and inefficiency of the political system at the level of sociopolitical system, and the Iranian agents’ solutions for existing problems and answering the question of the ideal way of ruling the public life at the levels of individual and collective agency. The interplays of the above elements during 1890 to 1909 has led to the formation of the first Iranian parliament in 1906 and its temporary closure in 1908.

So many researches has been conducted about the word ‘Tarikh’ (History) which consist the etymology and the way of showing up of this term in the cultural-scientific literature of Islam world .There is a large variety of views about the roots and concepts of  the history word. Some researchers believe that this word belongs to the Semitic languages and some other express that it belongs to Iranian and Greek languages, but most of the researchers are suspicious about its origin .based on the archaeological data the root of this word belongs to ancient erech(A city of urban revoloution). Akkadians barrowed rhis word from Sumerians and introduced it to the world. The Civilization heritage of Sumer and Elam has been protected by the Achaemenid civilization and we have heired it today. The root of the word tarikh is associated with a set of words that has happened in the Near Eastern urban revolution.

Architecture is one of the cultural-civilization characteristics that is studied in order to recognize the material and spiritual culture of communities during different periods. In the early third millennium B.C. coinciding with Early Bronze Age and the introduction of Kura-Araxes Culture into the north-western part of Iran, an architectural style characterized by a cottage-like and circular structure emerged which included circular units with the diameter of less than three meters and flat roofs. Then, rectangular and rectangular architectural forms appeared which were characterized by a wooden pole and a hearth in the centre of the house. This research was conducted with the aim of studying and analysing architecture of Kura-Araxes culture on eastern and western areas of Lake Urmia with a focus on the architecture of Yanik Tepe, Haftvan Tepe and Goy Tepe sites. First, Kura-Araxes culture, related sites and their characteristics were studied and then, in architectural terms, structures and material were described. Then, architectural spaces of the sites were compared in terms of landscape plan and architectural material and were recorded in tables specially designed for each site. As a result, commonalities and differences in the architecture of the sites were identified, which indicate the integration of this ethnic group into the local community of the region until 2400 B.C. as well as the observance of distinct patterns of the specific social system of a simple community that its social organization and structure has remained intact over centuries.