پژوهش نامه تاریخ
پیاپی 52 (پاییز 1397)

In a situation where the weaknesses of the Qajar dynasty were more indicative of a theoretical vacuum in the political sphere, the introduction of technology and technical products of the western civilization into Iran, without the entry of intellectual spheres and cultural products, seemed impossible. For this reason, new ideas came to Iran. Concepts such as law, liberty, parliament, and at the top of all liberalism entered into Iranian political literature in such a context. In dealing with Western civilization and seeing the remarkable differences of this alien creature, Iranians came to a different understanding of themselves and their society that was very different from the past. This distinction and a change in attitudes towards culture, politics and society are well seen in travelers' travels, travels and travels themselves. The point to be considered in these writings is their position on their culture and Western civilization. The result of the first acquaintances are the prescriptions they are giving to the treatment of their own pain, one of the most important of which was the transfer and promotion of liberalism and the attempt to rule it in Iran. This research is grateful for answering this question. How much was the liberal thought as one of the most important thoughts in Iran in the Qajar era and how did it affect the formation of the constitutional revolution? Google Translate for Business:Translator ToolkitWebsite Translator

Undoubtedly, one of the events that makes the Iranian shows up to date and makes iranian theater enter to the western world, is happend and started with the visit of the kings and courtiers of the Qajar period. What is certain is that Nasser-al-Din Shah, was the first king who stepped into the Christian lands, and he has a major role in transfering the new theater culture to Iran. The young king was heavily influenced by Iranian art so the relationship he had with both iranian and foreign artists, made him a king with a special political and artistic character. It was clearly undrestood from Shah's interest in watching a play, his behavior with the actors and his way of caring and helping in construct theather builindgs. These happenings did not end there, with his death and transfering the kingdom to his son Mozafar al-Din Shah,he continue his father's way by the journeys that his minister provided. Atabak,his minister, provided the basis for the king's journey to three diffrent parts of Europe by increasing taxes and taking numerous loans from the Russian and British governments. The first trip of Mozaffar al-Din Shah was to Russia, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, France in 1900. The king, like his father, had a special intrests in music and various forms theater. In this section i will study one of Mozaffar al-Din Shah's journeys to Austrian Empire between two cities of Vienna and Budapest.

The influence of Land ownership system on Scientific and Cultural Developments in Timurid Period Scientific and cultural developments in Timurid period cannot be merely explained by some Timurid rulers' ambitiousof science. Our claim in this paper is that the land ownership and tax system in this period, known as soyurghal, though invented and used for the political and economic purpose, had some unpredictable consequences, one of which was to provide a supportive ground for cultural and scientific institutions. Scientific and cultural developments in Timurid period cannot be merely explained by some Timurid rulers' ambitiousof science. Our claim in this paper is that the land ownership and tax system in this period, known as soyurghal, though invented and used for the political and economic purpose, had some unpredictable consequences, one of which was to provide a supportive ground for cultural and scientific institutions. Keywords: Science of Timurid period, Soyurghal, Economy of Timurid period, Critical Rationalism

It is unknown if the material symbols have manifested. Symbols that express the belief that people relate to what is happening around him. To understand the thoughts and analysis on the information they need sufficient knowledge is interpretation. Sassanid era as iconic artists on metal objects look into the mystery that is based on the philosophy of culture and civilization have emerged Sassanid. In terms of content and data gathering practices librarid era as iconic artists on metal objects look into the mystery that is based on the philosophy of culture and civilization have emerged Sassanid. In terms of content and data gathering practices library services.id era as iconic artists on metal objects look into the mystery that is based on the philosophy of culture and civilization have emerged Sassanid. In terms of content and data gathering practices library services.id era as iconic artists on metal objects look into the mystery that is based on the philosophy of culture and civilization have emerged Sassanid. In terms of content and data gathering practices library services.y services.

Amir Ali-shir Nava’i is one of the famous and well-known politicians and cultural man of the Timurid era . His unique political and cultural perspective gave him a special position in Iranian cultural history. Investigating different aspects of his unique character is the subject of this paper . This paper by means of the historical research method reviews some of his great works such as : his influence on Turkish literature , his role in spreading Iranian culture beyond Iran, providing the foundation for new schools of thought , and also writing different dictionaries . A study of historical records revealed that in one hand , Amir Ali-shir Nava’i was a pioneer and leading figure in Turkish literature and on the other hand , he had a prominent role in introducing Iranian culture into Turkish language tribes . the result of his work created close contacts between Iranian and Turkish culture .