Gene, Cell and Tissue
Volume:6 Issue: 3, Jul 2019

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a potential life-threatening condition in young children. Our aim was to assess hepatic enzymes levels in children with AGE and severe dehydration (> 10%). We enrolled 138 children with AGE admitted to the Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital of Zabol city in 2016. Children with severe dehydration (> 10%), according to the Vesikari score, were included. Complete blood count, selected inflammatory markers, and hepatic enzymes were investigated. Males and females comprised 89 (64.5%) and 49 (35.5%) of the cases, respectively. The mean age was 32.7 years old. Concomitant aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation and isolated AST elevation were observed in 22 (15.9%) and 60 (43.5%) of the patients, respectively. Normal AST and ALT levels were observed in 56 (40.6%) of the patients. The AST level significantly correlated with age (r = -0.230, P = 0.007) and platelet count (r = 0.184, P =0.03). Significant correlations were also detected between ALT level and age (r = -0.230, P = 0.007), ESR (r = -0.240, P = 0.03), and K+ level (r = 0.244, P = 0.03). Our results highlighted relatively high frequency of elevated liver enzymes in severely dehydrated children with AGE.

Nosocomial infections are one of the significant and important medical, social, and economic problems in all countries, which may cause loss of life and a financial burden on infected patients. This study is aimed to investigate the frequency of nosocomial bacterial infections with multidrug-resistance in hospitalized patients referred to Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Gerash, Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed within one year, from the beginning of October 2015 to the end of October 2016, on 300 hospitalized patients referred to Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Gerash, Iran. Specific culturemediumswere used based on each sample, and bacterial strains were isolated in sterile conditions. Appropriate antibiotics were used in case of each isolated strain. Urinary tract infections were not considered in this study. Nosocomial infection diagnosis criteria were according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definitions for nosocomial infections. The frequency of nosocomial bacterial infection and the rate of bacterial hospital-acquired infections with multidrugresistance in this study were calculated 9.6% and 6%, respectively. The most isolated microorganisms were respectively Staphylococcus epidermidis (43.33%) and Escherichia coli (16.66%). Most cases of these infections were isolated from blood samples (60%) and sputum samples (20%). The highest resistance was shown to cefixime and ampicillin antibiotics. We conclude that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common cause of nosocomial infection in hospitalized patients, and blood infections were the most common type of hospital infection in this study.

Klebsiella is a major human pathogen associated with nosocomial infections. Multi-drug resistant Klebsiella isolates have increased in the last decades and therefore, the use of drug resistance tests seems necessary before prescribing antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of Klebsiella species recovered from inpatients and outpatients. This descriptive study was performed on inpatients and outpatients referring to Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, Gerash, Iran, for six months from September 2014 to February 2015. Samples were recovered from different clinical specimens including urine, sputum, wound, blood, and feces. All patients with culture positive for Klebsiella were included and examined for antibiotic resistance using the agar disk diffusion method. After examining 60 samples positive for Klebsiella, it was shown that patients had the highest antibiotic resistance to vancomycin (83.3%), amikacin (71.6%), cephalexin (56.6%), nitrofurantoin (53.3%), ceftriaxone (25%), cefotaxime (25%), trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (21.6%), cefixime (18.3%), nalidixic acid (16.6%), ampicillin (11.6%), ciprofloxacin (10%), and gentamicin (6.6%), in sequence. Klebsiella showed the most sensitivity to ciprofloxacin at 83.3%, cefixime at 75%, and nalidixic acid at 71.6%. This investigation provided necessary information about the prevalence of infections caused by Klebsiella in Gerash region, which can be used by physicians and health care administrators to monitor and control multiple-drug resistance and plan for empirical treatments effective against infections caused by drug-resistant Klebsiella isolates. The obtained results showed that ciprofloxacin to which Klebsiella had the highest sensitivity was the most effective antibiotic.

Cadmium is a heavy metal toxicant that effectively disturbs the body’s oxidant-antioxidant status; however, high intensity interval training (HIIT) hasbeenreported to improve antioxidant indices such as catalase (CAT)andglutathione peroxidase (GPX), which neutralize free radicals. The present study aimed to review the effect of HIIT on CAT and GPX gene expression in the heart tissue of rats with cadmium toxicity. Twenty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were selected and were divided into five groups, of five rats (1) control, (2) sham, (3) cadmium, (4) HIIT, and (5) HIIT and cadmium. During eight weeks, rats in groups 4 and 5 performed three sessions per week of HIIT and groups 3 and 5 received 2 mg/kg of cadmium daily in peritoneum. To analyze the findings of the research One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc tests were used (P0.05). Cadmium consumption had a significant effect on reduced CAT (P = 0.03) and GPX (P = 0.004). However, HIIT had a significant effect on increased CAT (P = 0.001) and GPX (P = 0.001). It appears that HIIT can improve the CAT and GPX gene expression in the heart tissue of cadmium-infected rats.

As we know metronidazole is a selective treatment for Trichomoniasis, however, it has many side effects, and, on the other hand, it is important to try finding natural alternative treatments.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Rosmarinus officinalis plant extract on Trichomonas vaginalis parasites and Candida albicans under laboratory conditions.

In this experimental study, Rosmarinus officinalis methanolic extracts were prepared. The anti-trichomoniasis effect was evaluated at concentrations of 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0004, 0.0002, and 0.0001 µg/mL in TYIS33 culture media and resulted data were analyzed by ANOVA.

The results of this study showed that in the concentration of 0.001 at 4 hours, the parasite was spherical and inactivated, while at concentrations of 0.0004, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 in 1 hour. The results of this study showed that Rosmarinus officinalis extract in concentration of 100 µg/mL has an inhibitory effect on Candida albicans, so that the highest inhibitory diameter was 18.3 ± 0.9 mm while two other strains exhibit resistance and no inhibitory zones.

The results of this study showed that rosemary extract inhibits the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans that can be used to treat infections.