Journal of Research and Health
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Jul-Agu 2019

Societies are mostly using smartphones and the World Wide Web in the era of information technology, (IT). Information technology and its impact is revealed to everyone on modern society. IT enables communication worldwide but reduced face-to-face interaction, reduced physical activity, made headache, fatness, heart disease, diabetes, neck pain, cost, job loss, and so many other health problems. Either way, IT systems that run can yield good and bad results. IT affects the environment, individuals and society as a whole. The way we use IT determines if its impacts are positive to society or negative. For example, we can make the most of our Internet smartphones and web to develop our societies, make them new and modern. Internet-based computers have changed the way people relate and make their living environment better, organize their work, their communities and their time and place faster, easier and

Mental impairment has undesirable effects on the all aspect of individual's life, while the use of parenting programs has been associated with beneficial outcomes. The aim of this research was the adaptation of a positive parenting program (Triple-P) training based on the cultural values and evaluation of its effectiveness in psychological health and interaction of mother with slow paced (SP) children. This research was a semi-experimental study designed as pretest-posttest using control group. The magnitude of 40 mothers of students with SP participated in this study. They were selected according to the random cluster sampling method from exceptional schools of Tehran provinces. The participants were divided into two groups; each group consisted of 20 participants. The experimental group received Triple-P training in twelve 90-minute sessions, while no intervention was carried out on the control group. The instruments of present research were general health questionnaire and parent-child relationship scale. The results of MACNOVA showed that Triple-P had a positive significant effect on the psychological health and interaction of mothers with SP children. Since parenting skills training can lead to the enhanced psychological health and improved mother-child interaction, planning for Triple-P training based on cultural values has particular importance.

Infidelity is a harmful and a main problem in the therapy of couple relationships. The present study examined the reliability, validity and factor structure of the attitudes toward the infidelity scale among the patients referred to counseling centers in Tehran. 528 participants (185 females and 343 males) were selected by convenience sampling method from 5 centers. The study instrument was Whately’s attitudes toward infidelity scale, which translated by 7 psychologists & back translated by an English expert. After a pilot study on 30 participants, the necessary corrections were made. The structure of the scale factor was confirmed in a first-order factor using confirmatory factor analysis. This scale had a good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.71 and test-retest=0.87) It had correlation with Alport internal and external religious orientation scale respectively 0.29 and 0.16, also negative correlation with Kansas Marital satisfaction scale and Enrich sexual satisfaction subscales (-0.22 and -0.16 respectively). This study showed that ATIS is an efficient tool for research and couple counseling and has an appropriate validity and reliability for Iranian society.

The variety and prevalence of substance abuse are growing and its consequences on physical and psychological health, as well as, on global social and economic concerns are heavy. General self-efficacy is a critical factor underlying substance abuse and its successful treatment. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of hope therapy on general self-efficacy among substance abusers. This study was quasi–experimental with pretest–posttest and control group. The statistical population comprised all of the substance abusers who referred to addiction treatment centers. Convenience sampling method was used to select 40 participants among volunteers. The participants randomly were assigned into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of two-hour of hope therapy. Both groups responded to general self-efficacy scale before and after the treatment. There was a significant improvement in general self-efficacy of substance abusers after hope therapy sessions. According to research findings, using of hope therapy could have important role in increasing the general self-efficacy of substance abusers and thereby can lead to successful treatment programs and other positive outcomes in the treatment of substance abuse.

The Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method possesses the capability to identify the costs accurately and provide non-financial information for improving system function and increasing its efficiency. The present study aimed to calculate the final costs of radiology services to determine the final costs deviation from the enacted tariffs. This study was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of radiology final costs for 19 different types of radiology services (1077 stereotypes) at the hospital in Shiraz, Iran. The required data was collected through reports, specified forms, interviewing with hospital personnel and authorities as well as direct observation of hospital activity centers. The final costs of the radiology services were determined using the activity-based costing method as well as the cost sharing of activity centers through concurrent equations technique. The results showed a great amount of loss for all provided services in this center. The Mean tariff of the services equaled 625,626 Rials while the mean final cost of the provided services equaled 3,036,390 Rials. So, the findings of this study show an average loss of 2,410,764 Rials for each service.

People have some rights to use it for living, patients are people and they should be aware of their rights. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of awareness and observation of patients’ rights and the factors affecting it from the perspective of the patients and nurses among all hospitalized patients and the nurses working at Bohlool hospital in Gonabad city. 100 patients and 100 nurses were selected as the statistical sample. Data were collected using the patients' rights questionnaire of bokai. The priority of the patients’ rights were as the followings: respect to patient privacy and secrecy principle (96% Moderate and Good), receiving desirable health services (92% Moderate and Good), access to an efficient complaints system (90% Moderate and Good), patient’s access to appropriate and adequate information (91% Moderate and Good), and the right to making choice and decision freely for the patients (76% Moderate and Good) in receiving hospital services, respectively. Also, there was a relationship between the level of awareness and observance of patients rights with demographic variables among the nurses. The results of the research showed that the lack of the patients’ awareness from their health and treatment rights and the enforcement lack of patients’ rights charter by the health and medical personnel can endanger health, life and safety of the patients. Therefore, the awareness and observance of these rights seemed necessary.

Today, with increasing the lifespan, the importance of health-promoting behavior and paying attention to maintaining individuals' function and autonomy are becoming increasingly evident and regular physical activity is considered as one of the important aspects of healthy lifestyle. This study aimed to apply the theory of planned behavior to predict the intention to do physical activity in the elderly. This study was conducted on the 371 elderly. A three-part questionnaire including demographic, knowledge, and theory of planned behavior questions was used. The views of the elderly were requested directly in this regard. According to the results, the elderly’s mean age was 69 and the sample included 53% women. The behavior intention in this study had a positive significant correlation with all planned behavior theory constructs. The perceived behavior control construct hold the most prediction power regarding the variance of the elderly’s intention of physical activity behavior. The constructs of theory could predict 26.7% of the variance of intention. Based on the results of this study, the theory of planned behavior was successful in predicting the elderly’s intention to do physical activity and the necessity of paying attention to the component is emphasized to teach intention to elderly people, considering the role of the perceived behavior control construct in predicting behavior intention.

Based on the 40 to 50% prevalence of urinary tract infection in women and the role of education in changing health behaviors, this study was conducted aiming to determine the role of education on preventive behaviors of urinary tract infection in female adolescents. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 168 high school female adolescents; they were selected using cluster and simple sampling methods. The effect of education was examined by using a valid and reliable questionnaire which had been designed by the researcher. The intervention consisted of six-hour training classes over 4 sessions for the teens. Before the intervention, neither control nor intervention groups had differences in 4 domains of behavioral score and total score, but after the intervention, the mean scores in all areas were significantly increased. Considering the positive impact of education on health behaviors of adolescents, the use of this method is useful to change their behaviors in the prevention of urinary tract infection.

New technologies have increasingly facilitated information production process and also have made it possible for many people to access to a large amount of information. This causes information cancer phenomenon in which the information destroy resources, facilities, and human labor aimlessly and destructively. This study has been considered to investigate the relationship between the phenomenon of information cancer and learning process according to quality of work life as a mediation variable. 148 participants were and they are selected according to a simple random sampling method. Tools for data collection were three questionnaires- questionnaire of Walton’s quality of work life, questionnaire of Kolb's Learning Styles and questionnaire of information cancer – that were used by the sample after the examination of nominal validity and reliability of questionnaire of work quality, learning process and information cancer by the help of Cronbach's alpha coefficient with following values: 0.862, 0.926 and 0.903 and affirmation of their confidence. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between information cancer with the quality of work life and learning process in the confidence level. Also there is a significant relationship between quality of work life and learning process in the confidence level. The results of the research showed that this limit of confidence distance mentioned the significance of the indirect path of the primary model. It became clear that the quality of work life plays a mediation role in the relationship between information cancer and learning process of personnel.

Having a healthy lifestyle is a prerequisite for achieving sustainable development. Moreover, social capital is one of the important variables affecting the health of individuals in society. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and health-related quality of life among rural people in Dena region located in southwest of Iran. 300 households were selected using multistage cluster sampling method. For data collection, SF-36 standard questionnaire was used to measure health-related quality of life. A research made questionnaire was also applied in order to examine social capital which its validity and reliability were confirmed. The correlation coefficients between both physical health and mental health and 5 dimensions of social capital was positive. Furthermore, the correlation between mental health and social trust and social networks was significant; moreover, the correlation coefficient between mental health and social cohesion was significant. However, the correlation between mental health and social norm and social participation was not significant. Considering a relationship between mental health and social trust as well as social networks and social cohesion, enhancement of the above dimensions should be taken into account in order to improve mental health.

Sound is one of the most effective exogenous factors affecting human brain processing mechanisms and audio disturbance, which play a major role in human error and occupational accidents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sound frequency on human noise annoyance. This research is an interventional study that was carried out on 60 students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in 2017 that 30 were female and 30 were male. Measurements and tests to determine the degree of noise annoyance was performed during exposure to sound at various frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 Hz. Sound.exe software was used to determine the sound with different frequencies and noise annoyance were determined based on the acoustic questionnaire “Acoustics -- Assessment of noise annoyance by means of social and socio-acoustic surveys” which is available in the ISO / TS 15666 standard. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.
The mean age of males was 21.12 years with a standard deviation of 0.13 and the mean age of females was 19.19 years with a standard deviation of 0.5. According to the results of this study, in female subjects, the maximum degree of noise annoyance is at 4000 Hz, and the frequency of previous and subsequent frequencies of 4000 Hz decreases the degree of noise annoyance. Also, in male subjects, the highest degree of noise annoyance is at 8000 Hz. And from 500 to 8000 Hz, the frequency of noise annoyance increases, respectively. The results of ANOVA test showed that there is a significant relationship between noise annoyances with different frequencies. The results of t - test showed that there is a significant difference between male and female dissonance. According to the results of the study, the highest degree of sound irritation is at 4000 and 8000 Hz. In this study, the gender variable as one of the factors affecting anxiety was studied Because of individual differences in overall sensitivity to sound and sound sensitivity with different frequencies, also because there are other environmental factors that may affect cognitive functions in addition to sound, it is suggested these factors investigate in future studies.
Keywords: noise, frequency noise, annoyance

One of the most significant and complex health issues in our country is cancer. Coping with psychological syptoms of cancer such as stress, anxiety and depression is the most challenging blind spot for patients suffering from the cancer. The purpose of this study is to predict coping self-efficacy based on social support, personal growth and mindfulness in people with cancer. 120 participants were selected through available sampling method. For collecting data, social support questionnaire, Robitschek's personal growth initiative scale, the Freiburg mindfulness inventory and the coping self-efficacy scale have been used. For data analysis, multiple regression is used in an Enter method. The results show a positive and critical relationship between social support, personal growth and mindfulness with coping self-efficacy. Also, the results proves that social support, personal growth and mindfulness explains 60% of the variance of coping self-efficacy. In general, the findings of the present article have supported the role of social support, personal growth and mind-awareness in coping self-efficacy in cancer patients.