فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 38، تابستان 1398)

The purpose of this research was examining the effect of emotional regulation on marital satisfaction through anger rumination among married women in city of Lar. The sample included 306 married women who were selected randomly from women referring to Lar city counselling center. The instruments used in this study were the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale (Granefske & Kraaij, 2002), Anger Rumination Scale (Suchodolsky, & et al., 2001), and Enrich's Marital Satisfaction Scale (Olson, 2006). To assess the validity and reliability of these tools, internal consistency and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used. The proposed model was evaluated using structural equation model (AMOS-21 software). Results.showed adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation haven’t direct effect on marital satisfaction. Adaptive strategies negatively and maladaptive strategies positively predicted anger rumination. Memories of anger and Revenge Thoughts (from anger rumination components) showed negative effect on marital satisfaction. Results of   Bootstrap test indicated that adaptive strategies result to increase marital satisfaction through decrease memories of anger and revenge Thoughts. Also, maladaptive strategies result to decrease marital satisfaction through increase memories of anger and revenge Thoughts. In sum, results of this research show the mediating role of anger rumination in the relationship between emotional regulation and marital satisfaction among married women.

The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between job security and competitive advantage with the productivity of female employees employed in the airline company Aseman. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and descriptive method of correlation type. The statistical population of this research includes all female employees of Aseman Air Company in Shiraz base, which number is 140 people. According to Morgan's table, the sample size is 103, and the questionnaires are distributed randomly among the people of the community. The data gathering tool was Hirsi and Goldsmith's standard productivity questionnaires, Nissi and colleagues' job security, and Hadjizadeh Mobaraki's competitive advantage. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to normalize the data, and for inferential statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used. The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between job satisfaction and job security and occupational safety and competitive advantage of about 6.8 percent of total employee productivity changes.

Infidelity and unfaithfulness are a behavior disorder and disease, because due to complications and disadvantage associated with it, it causes varies injury and problems for both injured and betray partner. The aim of present study was to examine the effectiveness of intersystem approach to treating infidelity on women's trust affected by male infidelity. Research method was single case experimental sorts of non-concurrent multiple baseline designs. Study population were all Ahvaz women affected by male infidelity that with considering the conditions of entry and exit and verbal interview and women who scored a lower than 72 in trust scale, 3 couple selected by targeted sampling method and were treated separately by intersystem approach to treating infidelity, for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Research tool was Rempel and Holmes trust in interpersonal relations scale (1986). Data were analyzed by visual analysis (chart drawing), clinical definition (the Change Index Permanent and the Comparison of Normality) and the percentage of recovery Formula. Findings indicate that women in marital trust showed (%87/34) improvement in the treatment process and (%07/40) continued in the follow-up process. In Comparison of Normality, findings showed that the t value is larger than quantity of table with 33 degree of freedom (df). So it can be stated that the two normal and abnormal groups in the variable of marriage trust clinically are not different from each other’s. Therefore, conclude that the intersystem approach to treating infidelity able to increase couple trust of Women's affected by male infidelity. So, this treatment can be used to reduce the psychological suffering of couple affected by infidelity and improve their marital relationship in private and public counseling centers.

Various studies confirm the contradictory assessment of the position of women in the family, which, in spite of their broad role in various areas of family life, In practice, much of them is ignored. The purpose of this study was to analyze this process based on women's perceptions and experiences. The method of doing research is qualitative and based on the grounded theory. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 14 married women (Includes employed and housewives) in Mashhad. Coding and analyzing the text of the interviews in the form of Strauss and Corbin's three-step approach led to the formulation of a central phenomenon entitled "Women's Performance as a Compensating Agent in the Household Economy". This phenomenon is characterized by a set of underlying conditions such as the experience of attending different social and cultural environments and the model of gender division, the causal conditions such as the pattern and amount of income and savings, interventional conditions such as social conditions Economic paternal family and features of the marriage unit were surrounded. Women have taken strategies against such phenomena, including benevolent costs, essential costs and financial costs, which would have consequences such as the economics of human-family relations and the low-cost transition from economic crisis.

The family pressures of female headed households on the one hand and the cultural problems of working in fair pay. having healthy and healthy conditions. learning opportunities and the use of new skills. the balance between work and life. welfare facilities. and other related problems. That women's households have a lower quality of life. The purpose of this research is Identify Most Effective Factors on promotion of work culture for women heads of households using the technique DEMATEL The statistical population of the study included 10 cultural management specialists who were selected through targeted sampling method. The results of the research in the qualitative section showed that from the total of 38 articles reviewed. 11 articles after the critical evaluation scored more than 30 points and based on them. the components of the research were determined based on the highest frequency of 3 sub-components and 18 indicators. Also. the results in the quantitative section. based on DEMATEL analysis. revealed that among the three main components of promoting the work culture of female headed households. job placement as the first priority. cultural values of the second priority and individual skills were identified as the third priority. As well as to determine the priority of each indicator related to the factors of research and analysis DEMATEL was used. the results showed that factors related to policy work from 6 index. the index of supporter's highest effectiveness in policy-making job has it. Regarding the component of cultural norms. among the five relevant indicators. labor law reform has the highest effectiveness in cultural norms. Finally, among the six indicators of individual skills. the index of education has the highest impact on individual skills.

Women's citizenship rights as one of the most fundamental legal concepts, are a collection of civil, political, and social rights that women benefit through membership in the community and establishing relationships with the state. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, these rights are protected by the Constitution, the charter on citizens’ rights and other laws and regulations. This research aims are based on the theory of citizenship rights t. H. Marshall, a comparative study of the status of the concept of women's citizenship rights and the recognition of their civil, political and social rights in both the constitution and civil rights charter, as well as the limiting factors of this concept in both legal documents. This research aims to extract the principles of women's citizenship rights through descriptive research and analysis of the contents of the two documents in a documentation and library form, it expresses the objective and qualitative results of the situation. The results of this study show that the concept of women's citizenship rights has a higher status in the constitution than the charter on citizens’ rights. the factor limiting the Concept of Women's Citizenship Rights the need for observance of the specified conditions, including the non-disturbance of the principles of Islam, non-opposition to Islam, etc. that are principles in both documents.

The years 2000-2010 made a period of fundamental changes in the dominant discourses of power in Iran. The rivalry between the two discourses of reformationsim and conservatism created a gap in the ruling hegemony and brought about the possibility for Iranian citizens to rethink their rules and functions in the society and to redefine their individual identities. One of the social groups among which the effects of these political and social changes can be observed is that of female writers. This study takes on to study six stories by three eminent female writers of the 2000s decade (Shiva Arastoui, Zoya Pirzad, and Fariba Vafi) with a critical discourse analysis approach. As the main result, this study demonstrates that the transformation of the ruling discourses of power and gender has had a direct effect on the points of view, narrative styles, and subjects of these stories. Employing the first-person point of view, and a female narrator indicates that women have gained a voice significantly more powerful than the past. Addressing issues regarding the problems and concerns of women from various social classes and using straightforward, linear narratives, female writers create a social awareness of the needs and situations of this minoritized gender and also attract a wider audience. On the other hand, as the change of the ruling discourses has had a direct effect on the works of female writers, the latter have, in turn, used writing as a social act and a means for applying their power in order to gradually change the discourses of power and gender through a critique of the existing gender stereotypes

The present study investigates the distribution of women headed households under the auspices of the rescue Emam Khomeini Committee at the 421 cities of the country and examines their correlation with some social and economic factors. The research method in such a research are applied and descriptive-analytical. The data of the research have been extracted from the statistical journal of 2015 and the general census of population and housing in 2016. Such a research is used the Hot Spot method and the local and global Moran's I and LISA statistics as ESDA approaches to analyze the data. Findings indicate that the highest percentage of studied women in such a research case are distributed mostly in south east, northeast, and southwest of the country. The spatial distribution of female headed households supported by the Relief Committee and its correlation with the percentage of homeless women due to husband's death is the high - high pattern in the provinces of the provinces of Sistan and Baluchestan, Kerman, Hormozgan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad, Kermanshah, Gilan, Golestan and Khorasan Razavi. Such a pattern is true about the percentage of homeless women due to divorce in some cities located in the provinces of South Khorasan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan, Fars, North Khorasan, Golestan and Gilan; and also in the case of villager rate in some cities of Sistan and Baluchestan, Kerman, Hormozgan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, Golestan, Gilan, North Khorasan, and Razavi. the percentage of unemployed women in the Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad follow from high-high pattern, too. Other cities in the country follow a specific pattern of solidarity, according to local regional requirements.

The purpose of the article is to examine the relationship between multiplicity of social life worlds and reflexivity in women and girls’ cultural identitybased on sociological views about reflexive identity, social life world and feminist theories . Field method, survey technique, and questionnaire instrument have been used in this study . Data were analyzed using SPSS software and regression statistics and correlation coefficient . The statistical population consisted of women and girls aged 19 - 49 in Karaj . According to Cochran formula , 400 people were randomly selected through cluster sampling and in several stages from different parts of Karaj . The findings showed that the correlation between modern life world and reflexive identity was positive but the correlation between traditional life world and reflexive identity was negative . Also the result of the correlation between the structural position variable with reflexive identity and modern life world was positive but it was negative with traditional life world variable. The result of analysis of variance was also significant and showed that the independent variables are able to explain changes in the variable of reflexive cultural identity .

The rethinking feature of late modernity has changed the various areas of everyday life, and the most important of these areas are the issues of the development of identity and body. One of the factors that has provided a good platform for rethinking about the body are virtual social networks. Based on this, the main purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship between virtual networks and women's mental image of their bodies. This study is a social survey type and a questionnaire technique was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women aged 20 to 35 years old in Kashan in 1396 which are studied through quota sampling and are based on five regions of Kashan with a sample size of 340. The findings of the research and the results of the relevant statistical activity confirmed the direct and significant relationship between the use of virtual social networks and mental image of the body at 95% confidence level. In the multivariate regression analysis, body image satisfaction in a total of 6 variables was included in the equation using Facebook, Twitter, Google+ Plus, What’s up, Telegram and Instagram. Among the six variables mentioned above, the two facebook and instagram variables entered in the equation are significant at the alpha level of 0.05 and remain in the equation.

In this article, we examined how femininity is constructed in some Osoolgara (conservative) discourses in Iran. Hence, we tried to study two main conservative organizations such as the Women's Studies & Research Center, which is affiliate to Hozeye Elmiye (Seminary), and Social and Cultural Council for Women. In doing so, based on discourse analysis, we focused on these two association’s statements and legislations in which we traced the process of feminine subjectivity formation. So, we paid attention to discursive mechanisms and tactics which are implicitly used in these materials. All in all, the results show that, women’s representation centered on four axes: body, sexual desire, gender roles and cultural invasion. In addition, women are the subject of four discursive tactics namely considering female body as hysteric body, degradation or disrespect of women sexual desire, sanctifying the family and women’s roles in family as a mother or wife, and rejection of the idea of western instrumental approach to the women. Accordingly, by identifying discursive tactics, we contend that, the dominant discourse of these two associations prioritize women’s traditional roles which reinforce masculine domination.

Changing is a crucial issue in sociology. Nowadays women have important role in changing world. It can be said that change appear in the literature context of society and for this reason, the study of literature and society and especially text representations in social sciences have a historical record. In this research, by qualitative method and mimesis technique, we are trying to answer this question that how women personality in interaction with their life world, represented in novels before and after revolution. For this purpose, two novels of “Suvashun” and “I turn the lamps off” have elected as a sample. The results show that Suvashun novel represents psychiatric feminist perspective belongs to the second wave of feminist theories in which family and its internal relations represented as the main factor leading to unequal condition between women and men. But I turn the lamps off, illustrates cultural values of the Islamic revolution that highlighted family and separating of a feminine and masculine role as a preserver of discipline and integration of family and society.

Consumption and consumerism, is a multidimensional concept that can be looked at it from different aspects. Although, consumption is Final aim of production, but current process of consumption and increasing extension of consumer society, Intensify the crisis of the earth. Rate and kind of consumption can represent issues such as life style, class and attitude, and in the other hand we can measure rate and kind of  consumption by mentioned cases. In this way,  in this study data needed have been taken applying self-report questionnaires, and the Multiple-stage Cluster sampling technique between 383 married women of Shiraz city. The research method is descriptive and correlational. Also the validity was confirmed by formal validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results of the analysis of data show that different dimension of life style, such as cultural dimension (0.407), virtual networks (0.335), body management and make up consumption (0.365), religious style (-0.128) and Leisure activities (0.397) have significant relationship with consumer behavior. Also, based on regression analysis results, we can conclude that 42% of the dependent variable changes will be explained, by considering inserted variables into the regression model.

Among the vulnerable social groups in the community, women are the head of the family who face challenges due to the lack of or poor supervision of the husband and their social life. In today's changing conditions, the quality of life, happiness, and social well-being of this cortex are an important issue. Hence, studying the quality of life and their happiness can be an important step in identifying their needs and socio-advocacy policy. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life and happiness of mothers of the family head and unmarried mothers in Jahrom city. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of this study included all mothers of head of household and non-guardian mothers living in Jahrom city. A sample group of 100 people (50 female head of household and 50 non-family members) were selected using purposeful sampling and assessed by two World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaires and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (variance analysis). The results showed that there is a significant difference between the quality of life and happiness of the mothers of the head of the family and non-nursing mothers and the average quality of life and happiness of the head of household mothers is lower than non-nursing mothers. The dimensions of the quality of work life and dimensions of happiness in supervised mothers There is a significant difference between the family and non-guarded mothers...

Informing and educating the community about the value and importance of the environment is important for the survival of human civilization. This article is the result of applied research and descriptive survey method aimed at social and economic factors affecting women's environmental awareness. Sampling was stratified random sampling in Tehran. The sample size was determined based on logical formula Cochrane 390 people. The main tool for data collection was appointed Questionnaire. Reliability using Cronbach's alpha was 82.0. Statistical analysis software data SPSS, and Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis test, U Mann–Whitney tests were used. The findings suggest that women's awareness of environmental issues is too high. The lack of meaningful research results between marital status and household size women's Environmental Awareness. Between social and economic factors significantly correlated with environmental awareness at 99% of women and 95 per cent in some areas there. So we can conclude to increase environmental awareness women have areas of interaction, participation, education at all levels, especially in the management of the design, implementation and evaluation of plans relating to the environment provided.