نشریه تاریخ ادبیات
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1398)

Writing the history of ministration has an important position in Persian literature; these writings are in sort of political notes in written historical, and Persian literature works, and narrate the role of state fora, and ministers in authorities, and provide some measures to improve this position's quality of services. History of ministration involves precious information in historical, political, ideological, and linguistic aspects, and analyzing of language, and thought layers of these texts, by considering their times' situations, helps to representation of information deeply. So the main issue of this paper is exact identification of thinking, cultural, and political structures of these books as a type of Persian writings of history, through analyzing of criticizing notion of power, and culture in layers of texts' styles. The author of this book, Khahdmir, who was writer in Teymories' court, and was directly supported by his time's rulers, wrote this text by clarified political, and religious orientation to support ruling power, and its subjects. Findings of this paper, which was made in mixed (descriptive-analytical) approach, show that the author prominently tried to strengthen the ruling monolog political notion while Teymories' monarchy, and did hostility with their enemies, and oppositions by using: 1- prominent, and meaningful words, and direct confrontation in favor of religious and governmental choices, 2- using of continues, and decisive dialectic by awareness and active voice's prevalence, 3- Abundant use of ideological similes, and metaphors in rhetorical layers to strengthen cultural, and political ends, and also 4- get more benefits from encouraging actions, and reactions to formalizing current ideological values.

Mohammad Reza Ibn Rajabali, with the name of poetry Mansour, is a physician and poet in the second half of the twelfth and mid-twelfth centuries. He was a resident of Ghah village in Isfahan, and for some time served Abraham Khan Qajar - the ruler of Kerman - he was practicing medicine and poetry. At the end of his life, due to the aging of some of his jealousy, he requests Abraham Khan to leave, and he is practicing medicine in Isfahan. He was skillful in composing verses, poems, masnavi, roba'i, as well as jurisprudence and medicine, and wrote a two thousand-bit poem in fascism by Fath Ali-Shah and Ibrahim Khan Qajar, which contained a thousand bits of the verses of the same court, which was in the vexation of Abraham Khan. , And is named "Abrahim Abaad. With a review of the manuscript list, only one version of the Tribunal was found in the Library of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, in which there is no indication based on the history of the book's edition. This paper, based on the library method, uses the existing datascripts, introducing the poet to examine the present version of his themes and poetic features. After reviewing and reading the copy, we concluded that he was an average poet of the Qajar era; his simple and fluent language, in his poem, the telemia of the Qur'anic verses, the expansion to the Sufis and the Mufti, the medical and logical terms, and the poets of Saying: Khaghani, Hafez, Kamal al-Din Isfahani, Jamaledin Isfahani, and especially Anwari, have been listening to some of their poems.

Present research has reviewed and compared the satire of socialist and Sufi (Sophist) poets during 1300 and 1400 (A.D) in order to indicate to what extent the different thinking attitudes have been influential in the emergence of specific kind of satire. Assessed criteria have been reduced to three aspects: personification, satire techniques and satire purposes. By analyzing data, it seems that the satire of socialist poets, their thoughts have been more adjusted to realism aspects, have an objective feature in regard to languages rhetoric's, techniques, purposes and content, i.e, a satire originated from lingual creativity, showed it self in the surface structure. In contrast, sophist poets with their mystical viewpoint, the purposes and content of their satire in accordance to their thoughts emerged in a subjective manner, accordingly, their satire emerged on the haven of rhetoric's and appeared in the bed of lingual based satire, meanwhile, the satire of sophist poets, as their internal state, have penetrated in the structure and provided a context to the formation of structural satire.

Hakim 'Zedin Ibrahim Kishi, philosopher, physician, and respected scientist of the seventh century is an almost unknown person. He was born in Kish early in seventh century and moved to Shiraz to gain knowledge. His mature years coincided with the era of Atabak Abu Bakr Zangi. Towards the end of his reign, there was an argument between Abu Bakr and a number of scholars including 'Zedin Kishi which resulted in their exile. 'Zedin goes to Kerman at the invitation of Turkan Khatun, the Karakhanid ruler and lived there to the end of his life where he practiced medicine and wrote different books. The researcher has used historical sources and content of 'Zedin's works to shed light on the life and thoughts of this scholar.

Devalrani and Khizr Khan is the description of the love of Khizr Khan Khalaji for Diveldi or Devalrani which Amir Khusrow Dihlavi (651- 725 AH) composed in 715 AH. In a part of this Preface of Masnavi, Amir Khusrow has composed an advice letter addressed to the great sultan of the time, Alaeddin Mohammad Khalaji, whose important feature is the clarity of the poet's language and his audacity when advising the sultan. This article aimed to introduce the advice letter and to examine how its various mandatory and inhibitory topics were presented, elaborating on the reasons for the poet's choice of words in Sultan's sermon. To this end, after using the books of Indian history to delve into and identify the authoritative and callous personality of sultan’s Alaeddin Mohammad Khalaji, through examining the text of the advice letter as well as the characteristics of the poet described in various sources, the results indicate that the reasons for Amir Khusrow's explicit and brave truthfulness lies in his honesty and mysticism, his close relationship with Nizamuddin Auliya (the great mystic of the time), his high status at the royal court of Sultan Alaeddin, and the influence of Sanai’s recommendations on him.

It is not possible to contemplate and research in the old texts, despite its charm, due to some difficulties, unless one has foresight or reflection, or refers to related books. And if these texts are decorated with ornaments and ornateness, its significance doubles. Nafs Almasdour is among the books that has attracted the attention of commentators and enthusiasts, and that has caused some to compile books in this field because of its historical, literary and cultural dimensions. Meanwhile, Mansour Servat’s Darde Del: Tahrire Novin Nafs Almasdour is one of the commentaries that had been looked at differently. In this book, Servat, who has considered a wide range of enthusiasts from different disciplines, has simplified this text in a manner that is elaborate in a prominent way, which is unique and admirable in its own right, while each of its texts was “inevitably intrusive inside” and was not exempt from some of the shortcomings, which are not so few. Among the drawbacks of this translation, regardless of some typographical errors in the original text, is related to the lack of attention paid by the distinguished commentator to Amir Hossein Yazdgerdi’s book and the various encounters with the text in identical situations. This research, using an analytical inductive method which is based on analysis and/or a review of it several times, has provided suggestions for better purification of this work.

The Tazkareh of Dawlatshah Samarghandi (896 AH) is the most exceptional and most innovative poetry reference in Iran's history and literature, which, in spite of many historical mistakes, provides the most information about the poets and their period of life with the most systematic Possible ways to reach the audience. Investigating the special way of Dawlatshah Samarghandi to gather information and reliance on orals, the importance of his technique in introducing the elaborate and legendary poets by providing the necessary historical descriptions of the clans of their era and the role of the sultans in the poet's intellectual and artistic life and expression the sociological reasons for this method of Tazkareh are the goals of this research. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and the results are analyzed using content analysis method. Results show that away any exaggeration, can claim that the author of this tazkareh did not just seek to provide a tale of names and examples of poetry of Persian poets, but has tried to identify every poem in the historical context of a period of It has arisen to make a more accurate assessment of his intellectual and artistic position. This is because the Tazkareh of Dawlatshah, in addition to explaining the life of the poets, is the main function of such books, is a brief summary of the majority of government dynasties and local governments in different parts of Iran, and at the same time, the aesthetic course of poetry art in past literature, and the sociological philosophy has put the quality of the development of myths in the lives of poets to audience.

The novels of Genname by Houshang Golshiri and Temptation by Grazia Deledda two important works with fictional and dramatic features that among these features, the characterization element is more prominent. The comparative analysis of these two works from the perspective of techniques and dimensions of dramatic characterization suggests the importance of paying attention to the dramatic elements in shaping the fictional texts of Iranian and Italian nationalities, which necessitates attention to this issue in revising these fictional texts, it is felt more and more. The direct pointing on the features of appearance, speech and behavior, and the various dimensions of the characters has made them believable and visualizable for the audience. In these two works, the characters introduce themselves to audience by demonstrating different acts and behaviors in storytelling conflicts, communicating with other characters, and actions and stances on various issues. The two writers create dramatic characters in their own work. In this study, using a descriptiveanalytical method based on library studies, and based on the American comparative literature school, we examined the components of dramatic characterization in the two novels, Genname and Temptation, and We have shown how Golshiri and Deledda have been able to give to their own work the characteristics of the dramatic characters of dramatic texts using dramatic highlighting techniques.

There has been no comprehensive study of the life and circumstances of Mosleḥuddin Sorouri in Persian before; While scholars are familiar with his description and conception about Hafiz and Sa'adi of Shiraz. An examination of the history and personality aspects of "non-Iranian Persian speakers" provides helpful information on different aspects of their culture and language and their scholars' interactions with Persian literature. Reviewing the life of Moslehuddin Mustafa Bin Sha'ban Sorouri Glibouli, a Turkish Persian-speaker scholar, and the first recognized comprehensive reviewer of six volumes of Masnavi in the Persian language in the world, this article sheds lights on the history of Persian literature on the Anatolian Plateau (Turkey) during the reign of Sultan Süleyman Kanunî, the most important Ottoman king, and accordingly, presents new findings on the work and personality of Turkish Persian-speakers and provides an exquisite and unprecedented account of the famous historical story of Hurrem Sultan and Şehzade Mustafa. Finally, some sources in Istanbul Turkish are introduced that are largely out of the reach to Persian-speaking scholars, yet mastering them would enrich scholarly research.