فصلنامه مطالعات و تحقیقات اجتماعی در ایران
سال هشتم شماره 2 (تابستان 1398)

According to the 2008 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the three complementary and immediate outbreaks of poverty for rural households, including "small-scale farming (family exploitation)", "the provision of out-of-farm labor in agriculture and the non-rural economy, Agriculture ", and" migration ". In this article, we will study the agricultural farming families that have chosen the first route in the village of Ghowdjan from the functions of the Khansar city. The main question is that given the fact that in most researches in this field in Iran, the economic instability of these units has been emphasized, while the state policy and state policy advocates are more focused on large-scale operation units, what factors are behind it? Is there resilience to family exploitation in this village? To answer the research question, Bourdieu's social theory helped us to provide a different sociological analysis of the reproduction mechanisms and the monotony of the family's system of exploitation in this village. The semi-structured interview technique was used by the members of the 14 families to collect the data. To analyze the data, we used the Qualitative Content Analysis Strategy for the "Approach" method. In the data analysis, we used the Maxqda 12 qualitative analysis software to increase the reliability of the Coder-consensus toolbar. Analysis of the findings shows that the members of the exploiting families use different forms of economic, cultural, social and symbolic capital for the survival of the unit of operation, in which symbolic capital is more important. The conversion of various forms of capital, together with the strategies for reproduction and re-conversion, ultimately leads to continuity (survival, transformation), or the end of the unit's activity. Research results show that by studying how to help all people involved in business (family members of the operator) maintain a family-owned business, instead of concentrating solely on the role of the unit's manager (such as all research activities that In this context, with increasing awareness of the role and importance of the various assets of the members of the exploiting family,

In the past and present, among Iranians and foreigners, there were people who, based on their observations, have written about the Iranian temperament. Those judgments, which were mostly negative, gradually constituted an explanatory matric, in a way that, in accounting many bad circumstances in Iran and many of Iranian unpleasant habits and behavioral imperfections, it has been said that they derived from Iranian temperament or Iran’s culture. About how scientific are observational propositions such as “Iranians have this or that quality”, and explanatory propositions such as “this or that quality or behavior is the effect of this or that temperament” there are some critical discussions, especially concerning inexactness of some generalizations as well as some probable dangers of the acceptance of such judgments. This article is to criticize this kind of proposition from an analytical point of view. I will demonstrate that the difficulty of the explication why, means by what cause, Iranian has those qualities, returns to the fact that the main problematic is not to demonstrate their prevalence among Iranians, but their absence or secrecy among non-Iranians. The hypothesis is that most of the cases known as Iranians temperaments, to the extent that they can accept as Iranians temperaments, have not for their cause the content of Iranian culture but its level. And the level of culture is not something special to Iranians, it can be found in many nations, and everywhere it introduces almost the same temperament.

The family is a social system whose impairment in each of its members can disrupt the whole family system. The proper understanding of the problems of labor Children's does not only help the children and families of these children but also the community. One of the factors that affect the quality of life of labor Children's is loneliness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe and explain the experiences of labor Children's from loneliness. The present study was carried out through qualitative and phenomenological method and purposeful sampling. Through deep interviewing with 15 children, the interviews were recorded and analyzed by Strabernet and Carpenter method. The findings from the experiences of labor Children's of loneliness were identified in four main themes including: "perceived feelings","types of loneliness","the consequences of loneliness","ways to overcome loneliness". labor Children are exposed to a variety of loneliness and especially existential loneliness, and in their lives feel meaningless, frustrated, and abandoned by adopting policies such as improving social interaction, providing education, teaching social skills and spirituality can Overcame this sense of labor Children's. recognizing the challenges and meeting the needs of the optimal design of programs and the provision of evidence-based proportional services is a necessity.

The research attempts to answer this question: what has changed the position of women in the cinema before and after the Islamic Revolution (1968 to 2013). Findings of the research, based on reflection and documentary approach and quantitative content analysis, showed : in the 10-year period before the revolution, the presence of women in the cinema, except for the place of acting and music, in other places has been low. In the pre-revolutionary period, women's participation in the music sector was higher than in all periods and in the actor's place, after the "development" period, it was ranked second. In the period of "early revolution and holly defense", although we are faced with a small increase in the participation of women, but in two parts of acting and music, participation rates show a dramatic decline. The characteristic feature of the "development" period is a significant increase in participation in most positions. During the "reform" period, the presence of women in all positions except for acting in comparison with its predecessor has increased participation. And in " justice" period, there has also been a decline in some areas, and in some cases we have witnessed an increase in women's participation. articipation.

The most important social affairs during the human life are marriage, which has a direct impact on the demographic changes of the land. Spatial analysis of the marriage pattern requires evaluations and monitoring of this phenomenon. Therefore, due to the inherent need for marriage, the disabled population of the country also has the right to marry, but it has its own model and organization, which is unknown, this model in the present study is equivalent to the spatial analysis of the pattern of the marriage of the disabled population in Iran. Therefore, recognizing the spatial pattern of the proposed problem will have a direct effect on the country's planning. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the spatial pattern of disability marriage in the country. Information sources of the research were obtained from the statistics of Statistics Center of Iran and the ArcGIS software was used to analyze the spatial standards of marital disabilities in the country using the statistical tools: spatial self-correlation, high and low clustering, hot spots and distances Inverted distance is used. Unemployment rate is due to death on the same level; on the other hand, the uncertainty index due to divorce shows a difference; these theories do not justify all the characteristics of the marriage pattern; each section may be severely and Weaknesses affect the economic or social factors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate sociological factors affecting the pre-marital relationship in girls. The research method is a qualitative method. Deep interview technique was used for collecting data. Using purposeful sampling and snowball, using theoretical saturation criterion, 17 students from Urmia city were selected. Coding was used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between the reasons girls have in their minds and their tendency towards such relationships, some of the girls know the relationship with the opposite sex if they have the purpose of marriage, and some to get to know Before marriage and others, these tendencies tend to be responsive to cross-sectional emotions, and different causes are involved in this issue. This paper has been investigated in three levels: micro, intermediate, and macro. In the majority of participants at the micro level, referring to emotional needs, sexual need, and fear of immortality were the most important factors that brought about these relationships. At the macro and middle level, factors such as the impact of social networks and peer pressure and reduced family monitoring, change in attitudes And values ​​have been influential. Key words: gender, attitude, family, media, premarital relationships

The happy- oriented lifestyle is a valuable resource for promoting the lifestyle of people in the community. The purpose of this research is to explore exploration and documentation of various dimensions of happy- oriented lifestyle and provide a comprehensive definition of this concept as well as its effective factors.The statistical population of this study is Tehran citizens. The research method is a survey which has been distributed in a multi-stage sampling method among 750 citizens. In order to define this concept interviewing experts, interviews with ordinary people and previous researches have been used. this research show that happy- oriented life-style citizens have active leisure time ,generally tended toward manifestation consumpation, In the dimension of cultural consumption, they use happier music, They tend to have group and aerobic exercises, They care about the makeup, They use brightly colored clothes and have a good physical and mental health. In the area of the use of inferential statistics, the results of statistical tests confirmed the role of social capital, cultural capital, and economic capital in creating and strengthening a happy- oriented life style. and 47% of the happy-centered lifestyle variable is explained by the variables of cultural capital, social capital and age number.

Abstract This research studies the causes and factors affecting violence against women and has been conducted through a survey method. The statistical population of this research is married women in Qaemshahr. The tool Data were gathered from 320 married women in the city Data were collected using spss data and analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods. Theoretical framework of research is a combination of three theories of social learning, the theory of authority and domination, and the theory of conflict. Based on this theoretical framework, 11 hypotheses have been tested in this study. In a two-variable analysis between 10 variables (age, place of residence , Female occupational status, male occupational status, female education level and male education, experience of violence, male self-esteem, negative beliefs toward women and conflict of interests) and dependent variable, there is a significant relationship between only one variable (economic status) and variables Dependent variable is not significant. In the multivariate analysis, only three variables are entered into the regression equation. They are important in the order of importance: 1- belief Negative towards women 2- Conflict of interest between couples 3- Age. These three variables account for 0.46% of the variation of the dependent variable (violence against women)