فهرست مطالب

Nutrition & Food Technology Research
Volume:6 Issue: 3, Jul-sep2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1398/04/10
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Dudung Angkasa*, Nadiyah Nadiyah Pages 1-7
    Background and Objectives
    Parental factors, including social and anthropometric factors, play a vital role in children longterm nutritional status. The objective of this study was to investigate correlations between parental factors and nutritional status of the schoolchildren in a rural setting of Indonesia.
    Materials and Methods
    This cross-sectional study was carried out during May 2018. Totally, 146 schoolchildren from ten primary public schools in Sepatan Timur, Tangerang, Indonesia, were involved in the study. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic data (educational level, employment status and number of children) and estimated anthropometric measures (body weight and height). Digital weighing scales and standard microtoises were used to measure children weight and height, respectively. Anthropometric indices, height for age (HAZ) and body mass index for age (BAZ) Z-scores were calculated using WHO AntroPlus. Moreover, multiple regression analysis was used in the study.
    Results
    Nearly 19.2, 11.6 and 16.4% of the schoolchildren were stunting, wasted and overweight, respectively. Maternal nutrition status were significantly associated with schoolchildren HAZ (β 95% CI = 0.367 [0.009–0.724]) and BAZ (β 95% CI = 0.926 [0.428–1.423]) scores. The BAZ scores of the children were inversely associated with maternal education levels (β 95% CI = -1.206 [-2.000; -0.441]). Paternal nutrition status were significantly associated with children HAZ (β 95% CI  = 0.419 [0.075; 0.762]) scores.
    Conclusions
    Parental anthropometric measure and educational status significantly contribute to development of schoolchildren nutritional status in the rural setting.
    Keywords: Social factor, Anthropometric factor, Schoolchildren, Nutritional status, Rural setting
  • Fatemeh Rezazadeh, Masoumeh Akhlaghi*, Elham Aflaki Pages 9-16
    Background and Objectives
    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by swelling, stiffness and pain in body joints. Based on the epidemiological studies, RA is less severe in Southern Mediterranean regions, where fish, olive oil, fruits and vegetables are consumed in great quantities.
    Materials and Methods
    This study was carried out in a case-control design. Totally, 100 RA patients (case group) and 100 age, gender and body mass index (BMI) healthy individuals (control group) were participated in the study. Dietary intakes were estimated using validated 160-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Food items of FFQ were grouped into 20 groups and dietary patterns were detected using principal component factor analysis. Associations between the adherence to dietary patterns and risk of RA were reported using logistic regression.
    Results
    In general, two dietary patterns were detected, including Western dietary pattern, which was high in sweet snacks, high-fat meats, refined grains, high-fat dairies and salty snacks, and healthy dietary pattern, which was high in fishes, low-fat dairies, fruits, vegetables and olives. The RA patients had a significantly higher Western diet score than that the controls had (P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were seen in scores of healthy diet between the groups. The Western dietary pattern showed a significant positive association with RA either in the crude model (OR = 2.01, P < 0.001) or after adjustments of age, gender, education level, marital status, income, physical activity, smoking, BMI, dietary intake of vitamin E, saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (OR = 4.28, P < 0.001). In contrast, the healthy dietary pattern showed an inverse significant association only after adding the highlighted parameters to the model (OR = 0.55, P = 0.003).
    Conclusions
    This study showed a positive association between the Western dietary pattern and RA.
    Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, RA, Dietary patterns, Shiraz
  • Maryam Gholamaliadeh*, Saeid Doaei, Elmira Karimi, Naser Kalantari, Alirea Musavi Jarrahi Pages 17-22
    Background and Objectives
    Although a growing interest on the role of self-efficacy in weight management is reported worldwide, less research has been carried out on this association in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate association of weight linked self-efficacy with anthropometric measurements in Tehrani male adolescents.
    Materials and Methods
    The study was carried out on 535 male students aged 12–16 years old from two secondary high schools of District 5, Tehran, Iran. Weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and body muscle percentage were measured using bio impedance analyzer (BIA) scale. A validated weight efficacy lifestyle questionnaire (WEL) was used to assess weight linked self-efficacy.
    Results
    The higher weight linked self-efficacy was significantly associated with further body muscle percentage (P<0.05). However, no significant association was seen between the self-efficacy and weight, height, BMI and body fat percentage of the male adolescents.
    Conclusions
    Results of the current study suggest that self-efficacy for weight management may be unlinked to specific measures of obesity, while male adolescents with a higher self-efficacy in weight management may have a higher muscle mass. Further research is necessary to verify effects of self-efficacy on anthropometric indices in male adolescents.
    Keywords: Male adolescent, Self-efficacy, Obesity, Anthropometric indices, Tehran
  • Vaez Nemati, Morteza Khomeiri*, Ali Moayedi, Alireza Sadeghi Mahoonak, Ahad Yamchi Pages 23-32
    Background and Objectives
    Listeria monocytogenes is an emerging foodborne pathogen which may be transmitted through meat and dairy products to humans. In this study, effects of Cuminum cyminum essential oil (CCEO) and Biarum carduchcorum water extract (BCWE) and a combination of the two compounds on growth of L. monocytogenes and physicochemical, textural and sensory properties of lambs were investigated during cold storage.
    Materials and Methods
    Effects of CCEO and BCWE on L. monocytogenes were investigated after a short time of cold storage using broth microdilution assay. Furthermore, physicochemical assessments of the lamb samples were carried out, including meat quality index (pH, color, texture) and sensory analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (CG-MS) was used for the chemical analysis.
    Results
    The GC-MS analysis showed that γ-terpinene (%12.57), β-pinene (%11.03), geranyl acetate (%10.81), p-cymene (%9.95) and sabinene (%9.81) were the major components of the CCEO. Use of CCEO or BCWE alone decreased L. monocytogenes count to below 2 log CFU/g. Moreover, use of combined CCEO and BCWE decreased the number of L. monocytogenes to below the limit (2 log CFU/g) after 48 h.
    Conclusions
    Results of the physicochemical parameters of the highlighted compounds revealed their useful values since these compounds showed improvement effects with no significant changes in meat quality. However, the firmness and force necessary to cut the samples treated with CCEO decreased mildly after 72 h of storage.
    Keywords: Listeria monocytogenes, Cuminum cyminum, Biarum carduchcorum, Lamb, Shelf life
  • Ahmad Kouchakzadeh* Pages 33-38
    Background and Objectives
    Desiccation is a necessary procedure to eliminate moisture from foodstuffs in industries, especially pharmaceutical, food and tobacco industries. In the present study, a mathematical modeling was assessed for vacuum drying of the licorice roots.
    Materials and Methods
    Fresh licorice roots were dried at 50 mbar. Temperatures included 22to 150°C and diameters of roots included 10 and 15 mm. A layer of licorice roots was transferred to a dish of balance on vacuum dryer and then changes in weight were recorded and moisture contents were calculated at various times.
    Results
    Five mathematical models were adapted to empirical data. Curve expert has been used as statistical calculation. It was proved that the empirical two term’s model with high values of R2=98.21% was suitable for 10-mm diameter and Henderson Pabis model with R2=95.43% for 15-mm diameter roots.
    Conclusions
    The two term and Henderson Pabis models were assessed by comparing coefficients of determination and standard error between the monitored and forecasted moisture ratios.
    Keywords: Modeling, Vacuum drying, Licorice root
  • Samira Yazdankhah, Mohammad Hojjati*, Mohammad Hossein Azizi Pages 39-47
    Background and Objectives
    Black mulberry is a juicy and dark purple to black fruit with a good balance of sweetness and tartness. This fruit is highly interested due to high quantities of anthocyanins. The bioactive compounds are often present in fruit tissues and should be released. The aim of this study was to extract bioactive compounds of black mulberries and assessment of heating process effects on the extracted compounds.
    Materials and Methods
    Aqueous, ethanol and aqueous-ethanol solvents were used for the extraction processes. The physicochemical properties of extracts, including total phenol, total anthocyanin content, anthocyanin profile, antioxidant activity, acidity and total solids, were investigated. Then, the aqueous-ethanol extract was subjected to direct heating, microwave heating and non-thermal (gamma radiation) processes to assess their possible effects on the extract.
    Results
    The aqueous-ethanol extract included higher total phenol (68.94 mg GAE/g) and anthocyanin contents (226.16 mg/ml), higher antioxidant activity (DPPH of 90.29% and FRAP of 1.42) as well as higher quantities of anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-xyloside of 277.36, 53.21, and 11.44 mg/ml, respectively). It was observed that less time and power of heating, microwave and gamma radiation conditions included less deteriorative effects on anthocyanin compounds and thus a higher antioxidant activity was seen.
    Conclusions
    Aqueous-ethanol solvents include further extraction efficiencies on phenolic compounds and anthocyanins and are considered as appropriate chemicals for the extraction of bioactive compounds from black mulberries. Furthermore, moderate heating conditions can preserve higher quantities of anthocyanins.
    Keywords: Black mulberry, Aqueous-ethanol extraction, Anthocyanin, HPLC