مجله بلاغت کاربردی و نقد بلاغی
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 6، پاییز و زمستان 1397)

Most poets after Ferdowsi, irrespective of the content of their work, have been affected by the Shahnameh at different levels. Mohammad Bagher Sohbat-e-Lari is one the most well-known poets of the Literary Return era who has been significantly influenced by the Shahnemeh. Sohbat-e-Lari has a deep understanding of the Shahnameh and his unique allusions to less-known names and stories of the Shahnameh and other epic characters and sources is a testimony to his deep understanding of this great literary work. The present study employs text analysis and discourse analysis to show that Sohbat-e-Lari has used allusions from the Shahnameh in eulogy, expressing the superiority of the praised, illustration, compound noun formation, and the magic of proximity and mention personal status (self glorification) and has employed allusion with other figures of speech in his Diwan. In addition, he has helped in solving some problems such as the Babre- bayan conundrum in the study of the Shahnameh through his unique mentioning of the Shahnameh, historic sources, epic poems, narrative scrolls, and folklore stories.

Mullah Mohsen Feyz Kashani is one of the great Shiite scholars and leaders in the 11th century AH; Despite his fame in writing books of various sciences, he was also able to write poetry. His poetry is full of his intellectual and doctrinal thoughts which are mixed with the spice of mysticism and knowledge. What stands out most in Feyz's poetry is his masterful use of the poems and intellectual themes of famous poets and masters of style before him, including Rumi and Hafez; Which has added to the prosperity and richness of his poetry. Therefore, in this study, which has been done with the aim of better understanding the poetry of Feyz Kashani, an attempt is made to examine the Interpolation and its types due to the  undeniable importance and role they play in capturing and influencing the words of Feyz; The result indicates that the poems of Feyz, in addition to containing his theological and doctrinal thoughts, are also the intellectual and poetic essence of Hafez and Rumi; Which the poet has used directly and indirectly, and the vague Interpolation of phrase or vocabulary is the dominant Interpolation used in the lyric poems of Feyz, which has led to the creation of lyric poems such as the lyric poems of Hafez and Rumi.

Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani, in the presentations anddelays topic, with a careful look, examines thequestion methods and refers to the Secondarypurposes of interrogation. The present studyexamines the implications of the presentations anddelays in the structures of utilization in accordancewith the Jorjani viewpoint and the meaningdifferences of the question methods, if used after theuse of the name or verb. This descriptive-analyticstudy concludes that Jorjani has paid attention to theplace of secondary meanings by carefully examiningrhetorical question. The present study was conductedby descriptive, explanatory and analytical methods.In the explanatory phase, the causes of submissionand delay in question structures were explained, andthis phenomenon was covered by the general lawsthat determine its nature. In the analytical stage, themain content of the examples was examined. Jurjanibelieves that any change in the meaning of thestructure is due to the fact that sometimes the termprecedes, especially when it comes to the benefits ofmeaning, or because of the attention it attaches to it.In other words, Jorjani's goal is to express the impactof presentations and delays in the difference and

Deviation is one of the defamiliarization techniques that the poet uses to enrich his poems with creative images and concepts. In this technique, the text deviates the rules governing the standard language to create foregrounding in literary texts. Ebtehaj is one of the contemporary poets who have used this technique frequently in his poems. This study tries to analyze Ebtehaj’s poems using a descriptive survey research method within a structuralist framework based on Leech’s deviation pattern which includes eight types of deviation in order to reveal the beauty and salience of his poems. The analyzed poems in this study were selected randomly from Ebtehaj’s Tasiyan book. The result showed that Ebtehaj has utilized all eight types of deviation, but semantic deviation ranks first among all types. The use of other types of deviations and the consequences are also analyzed in this study. By these deviations, Ebtehaj states his ideas with common words in a creative and unconventional style. Besides, the preposing of verb has high frequency among other types of grammatical deviation. Using this technique, he has put more weight on the action rather than the actor.

Allison is a reference to a literary story, poetry, verse or Hadith that makes an association between the main story and an external incident. It is a metaphoric figure of speech that adds to linguistic aesthetics. Allusion has always been used by men of literature as it involves popular culture and traditional ideas. By recreating a situation, allusion provokes thoughtfulness in the reader and expands his scope of vision. The present study examines the role of allusion in promoting the rhetoric of contemporary poetry, creating values and comic situations. Results indicate that allusion is a highly influential figure in providing social and political critiques as the most important and frequent approach in satirical poetry. Moreover, use of allusion contributes to reproducing innovative and new images in contemporary poetry, which in turn helps create a more profound satirical atmosphere

The criticism of the fantasy world which is a typeof thematic critique was first presented by GastonBachelard in the nineteenth century and then ,by Jean-Pierre Richard, Jean-Borges and GilbertDurand is followed. In the view of Gilbert, theimaginations are in fact the reaction that the poet orwriter comes up against in dealing with time andon the same basis , they create the images of theirown work; these images are placed in two greatday and night poems of imagination. This paper isconducted to the study of one lyric of Molana withthe knowledge of « Oh , Yusuf ! Our Most Famous“by analyzing the methodology and using the theoryof Gilbert Durand, explores the gospel of Molana”and finally concludes that this lyric is completelyheroic and contradictory and all its images arelocated in the daily imaginary poem.