مجله آموزش پرستاری
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 33، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1398)

The child needs an appropriate environment for growth and development. An environment where parental care is the key to achieve the desired development.The purpose of this study was to develop of compassion-based education package on mother-child interaction and its effectiveness on mother-child relationship and parental stress improvement. The research method was semi-experimental with running pre-test and post-test. 40 mothers were selected among all mothers with child aged 2 to 7 years old in kindergartens and preschools in Tehran. They were selected based on the research entering criteria and two-stage cluster random sampling. They were randomly put into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was under the education based on compassion therapy for eight 90-minute sessions. The parent child relationship scale (Pianta) and Parental stress scale was used to assess stress in the parent-child system. The Data was analyzed by covariance analysis method and SPSS software version 22 were used. P <0.05 was considered significant. The findings of this study showed that educational intervention in the variables of proximity (P=0.001), dependence(P=0.001), conflict(P=0.042), and overall positive relationship(P=0.038) and all of the parents' stress variables, except for the depression variable(P=0.228), could lead to a significant reduction in the performance of the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test. In general, the results of this study indicated that the compassion -based education program resulted in improvement of mother-child relationship and improvement parental stress in mothers.

Occupational pressure in nurses, especially in intensive care units, can be associated with a variety of occupational accidents. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived job pressure and occupational accidents in nurses in ICUs.
  This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in 2018 in ICUs of Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Using multi-stage and randomized sampling method 151 nurses with inclusion criteria were studied. The data collection tools were valid and reliable questionnaires of perceived job pressure and occupational hazards. All participants responded to the questionnaires in a two-time interval of three months. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential tests (T-two samples, analysis of variance and linear regression) at the significance level of P <0.05. After adjusting the effect of potentially confounding variables, linear regression analysis showed that perceived job pressure had a significant increase in incidence of occupational accidents in nurses in intensive care units (P <0.001). With every 10 increase in perceived job pressure, the mean of incidence of occupational accidents increased by 1.3. The findings study showed that perceived job pressure was high in nurses of intensive care units and was related to occupational accidents. In order to prevent nursing staff from harming and improving the quality of nursing care, it is vital to use individual and organizational interventions.

Academic achievement always depends on the proper functioning of the physical, psychological and functional aspects of the individual, so this study investigated the relationship between academic procrastination, locus of control and achievement motivation with academic achievement in nursing student. The research method was descriptive-correlational and in particular, Structural Equation Modeling. The population of the study consisted of students of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2018, in which 494 people (253 girls and 255 boys) were selected as a statistical sample and with simple random sampling. Herman’s achievement motivation inventory (1970), Solomon & Rohblum Academic Procrastination Scale (1984) and Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale (1966) were evaluated. Grade Point Average (GPA) was as academic achievement. In this study, in order to analyze the obtained data in the descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and in inferential statistics of Pearson correlation test and maximum likelihood estimation and Bootstrap in the modeling of structural regression equations was used. To analyze the data, SPSS 18 and Amos 23software were used. The mean and standard deviation in descriptive statistics showed that academic procrastination (65.47 ± 7.06), locus of control (12.37 ± 3.75), achievement motivation (80.23 ± 7.94) and academic achievement (16.60 ± 1.62). In the inferential statistics, the results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between achievement motivation and locus of control with academic achievement and there is a significant negative relationship between academic procrastination and academic achievement (P≤0.01). The research model was confirmed and in general, 0/38 of academic achievement can be explained by achievement motivation, Academic Procrastination and Locus of Control. Also the achievement motivation is a mediator role in the relationship between academic procrastination and locus of control with academic. In general, there is a relationship between academic procrastination, locus of control and achievement motivation with academic achievement in nursing student. Therefore, with decrease of Academic Procrastination and increase Locus of Control can increase achievement motivation in students and, ultimately improve academic achievement.

Positive thinking is the way or result of the positive focus of the individual`s mind on something constructive and good and positive thinking training improves physical performance and soial function and emotional health and fatigue and overall quality of life.  Thalassemia, as the most common chronic hereditary anemia in humans, has an adverse effect on parents and patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of positive thinking education on adaptation of parenting of teenagers with thalassemia. This is randomised clinical-trial study was conducted in 2017 in which 52 parents of children with thalassemia were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups.   Before the intervention and after that,the compatibility style questionnaire(Lazarus)was developed as an indicator of parental compatibility.The experimental group received 10 sessions (each session 45-60 minutes)of positive thinking education based on martin sieglmen’s theory training in 5 weeks, two sessions a week. Data analysis was done by SPSS 16software using independent t-test . There was no significant difference between compatibility dimensions and general adaptability in the two groups including experimental and control group before the intervention (p = 0.75). However, after intervention, there was no significant difference between two groups in experimental and control groups (P = 0.2). Results also showed a significant difference in skilful solution dimension (P = 0.03) and positive repeated evaluation (P = 0.004).   Presentation of educational program of positive thinking leads to increased adaptation of parents of children with thalassemia. Therefore, the use of this program can be an effective way of increasing parental adaptation. Therefore, it is suggested that positive thinking education can be used as an effective strategy for increasing parental adaptation to their child's disease.

One of the new educational strategies and approaches is Task-based training that is accepted as a suitable educational and learning method in most of medical science universities. It is a comprehensive system with various disciplines emphasizing on a set of tasks that the learners are faced with them. In this regard, the aim of this study was qualitative research on assignment-based syllabus education in nursing master's degree books based on self-directed components in 1397-98.    Research methodology is qualitative and content analysis using Shannon Entropy one that data was processed using new perspective related to content analysis and as qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population of the study was nursing master's degree books. According to the purpose of the study, Sample included five books of master’s degree in nursing field including ethic and professional relations of nurses, child and youth mental health, child at school age, planning of educational systems and strategies and techniques of educational design. The research tool was a checklist of homework-based syllabus components developed by the researcher and its content validity was verified by five experts. The obtained reliability was 0.82 using the re-technique for the checked loop. In this research, the analysis unit was a sentence.      Results of Shannon Entropy content analysis showed that the index of familiarizing with community health priorities with coefficient 0.276 was received the maximum attention and the index of flexibility with coefficient 0.90 has received the minimum attention. The results of Shannon entropy content analysis showed that the most attention paid to all components of the homework curriculum was the familiarity index with the health priorities of the community with an importance coefficient (0.276) and the least important factor related to the flexible index Being with the value (090) was obtained.

Nurses in compared to other health center employees are encountered with more stress and repetitive stress has an important role in reducing psychological health. Since group counseling based on resiliency is an effective method to improve the health, so this research aimed to determine the effectiveness of group counseling based on resiliency on stress and aggression in female nurses. This is a semi-research of pretest-posttest design. Sample consists of 30 female nurses of Dezful Ganjavian hospital in 2018 year that selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups. The intervention group consisted of eight 90-minutes sessions the training group counseling based on resiliency and the control group didn’t receive intervention. The research instruments were the questionnaires of stress and aggression. To data analyzed regarded to control of pretest effect used from multivariate analysis of covariance method (MANCOVA) with using SPSS (Ver.19). There was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in stress and dimensions of aggression. Then, group counseling based on resiliency led to significant decrease the stress, physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility in female nurses (P<0/001). Regarded to results to reduce negative psychological variables especially stress and aggression can be used from group counseling based on resiliency.

Health literacy is an essential element in people's ability to contribute to health-related activities, health decisions, and the ability to prevent illness and lifestyle. Today, health literacy is a global issue because many unpleasant health outcomes result from inadequate health literacy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality of life and health literacy among students of Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences. 250 undergraduate and graduate students were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were gathered using health literacy assessment and SF-36 quality of life questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19, Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression coefficient. There was a direct and meaningful weak relationship between the variables of health literacy and the quality of life (r=0.272). Also, there was a direct and significant correlation between mental health score and physical health (r=0.722), reading and access (r=0.604), understanding (r=0.654), evaluation (r=0.538), decision making and behavior (r=0.484). There was also a direct and significant correlation between understanding and reading (r=0.549) and evaluation (r=0.722). There was a direct and significant correlation between evaluation and reading (r=0.552), decision making and behavior and understanding (r=0.489) and evaluation (r=0.458). Students with a low level of health literacy have poor quality of life and individuals with better mental health have a healthier physical form. Considering the students’ higher score of physical health than their mental health, it is recommended to hold training workshops on stress management, management of living plans, lifestyle in the dormitory, healthy relationships with others, and increased sports and recreational programs to improve the mental health and identify the problems accurately and solve them.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease, makes damage in central nervous system. Evidence showed Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) technique is one of the non-pharmacological methods used to treat MS. The purpose of the study was to determining the effect of PMR on the MS's outcomes in published papers in the field.
  This systematic and meta-analysis study were conducted from the beginning to April 2018. English and Persian databases were searched until the February 2018. Studies that implement PMR in MS patients and had available data for analysis were included and irrelevant and duplicated studies were excluded.  To quality appraisal of articles, four scales JADAD, CONSORT, Newcastle-Ottawa and Cochran's risk of bias were used. Data analysis was carried out through the random-effects model, and heterogeneity was investigated by I2 index by using the STATA and SPSS software version 11.
  From 773-studies, 12-articles were selected that conducted between years 2008 to 2016. Studies have mentioned a positive and significant effect of PMR on reducing stress [-5.34(-8.18.-2.50) I2=75.7%], pain [-2.27(-4.17.-0.37) I2=96%], fatigue [-1.13 (-1.71.-0.55) I2=93%], depression [-3.76(-10.98.-3.46) I2=87.4%] and improving sleep quality [-5.34(-8.18.-2.50) I2=75.7%]. Spearman's correlation coefficient between scores of JADAD, CONSORT and Newcastle-Ottawa were significant.
  PMR can be recommended as a nursing intervention, a suitable, inexpensive, and effective technique to reduce the outcomes of MS patients.