فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال بیست و یکم شماره 2 (پیاپی 67، تابستان 1398)

Fibrinogen and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are two cardiovascular risk factors that increase risk of atherosclerosis through inflammation and coagulation mechanisms. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of mentioned factors between athlete and non-athlete disabled veterans. subjects of this study were 16 male, non-chemical warfare victim, disabled veterans that assigned into two groups as control and experimental. Athlete subjects were players of North Khorasan Province veteran’s futsal team who had regular exercise training in past six months. Trainings of athlete group were three sessions per week that each session involved warming up, technical, tactical and fitness trainings and cooling down. Non-athlete subjects had no regular exercise training in past six months. Serum fibrinogen and Lp(a) levels of subjects were analyzed after 12 hours fasting, using auto-analyzer system. Independent sample t-test was used for comparing of dependent variables means between two groups. Analysis of data showed that mean values of fibrinogen and Lp(a) were lower in experimental group compared to control group (p≤0.05). According to study findings, regular futsal trainings leads to reduction of fibrinogen and Lp(a) levels that is effective in prevention of atherosclerosis and heart stroke.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the irreversible cell death caused by ischemia in parts of myocardium. Atrial and Brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) are known as strong markers of myocardial infarction. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of six weeks low intensity interval training on ANP and BNP genes expression in rats following myocardial infarction. Twelve male Wistar rats on the age of 12 weeks and mean weight of 250-300gr were allocated in two equal groups including experimental group (60 minutes interval running on a treadmill, each cycle including four minutes of running with intensity of 55-60% VO2max and two minutes of active recovery with 45-50% VO2max intensity, three days a week for six weeks) and control group (without training). Real-time PCR was used to assess the expression level of ANP and BNP genes in myocardium (following the MI induction by surgical blocking of left coronary artery). Statistical analysis of data we performed by independent t-test. Our findings showed that there was a significant decrease in expressions of ANP and BNP genes among experimental group in contrast with control group (p= 0.011 and p=0.001, respectively). Adaptation to low intensity interval training may control and moderate the secretion of cardiac hormones in the training group compared to control group following myocardial infarction.

The risk of cardiovascular diseases increases in relation with age and physical inactivity. However, there is limited data about the importance of each factor. Thus, the present study has examined the association of physical activity level (PA) and age with chest pain signs and blood pressures in patients with heart failure. Totally, 299 patients with heart failure in two age groups of 45-59 years old (middle-aged, N=175) and 60-77 years old (elderly, N=124) were enrolled to the study. Chest pain signs were evaluated by Rose angina questionnaire (chest pain questionnaire, London school of public health) and blood pressure and physical activity levels of the participants were also assessed. Data analysis was performed by partial and Pearson’s correlation coefficient tests. In the middle-aged group, the PA had a significant negative correlation with chest pain signs (p= 0.004, r= -0.221) independent of age, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and abdominal circumference, however the correlation was not significant in the elderly group. There was a positive and significant correlation between the chest pain and age in the elderly group (p=0.020, r=0.212); however, this relationship was not significant for the middle-aged group. There were no significant relations between blood pressure and neither PA nor age in both groups. It seems that the level of physical activity in the 45-59 years old patients is an effective factor to improve chest pain signs in comparison to 60-77 years old.

Exposure to particulate air pollutants is one of the major problems and crises in Tehran metropolis, Iran. Various studies have shown the effect of particulate matter of air contaminants as an increase in cardiovascular and oxidative stress. So, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of <2.5 micrometers and <10 micrometers microns particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and total dietary antioxidant intake with fasting blood glucose (FBS), serum lipids, and hypertension in the elderly living in Tehran. This study was performed on 226 elderly people in 2015. Demographic data and frequency of food questionnaires were collected from qualified individuals. Total dietary antioxidant intake was calculated and biochemical tests (FBS and serum lipid measurement) were performed. Concentrations of air Particulate Matter were obtained from relevant organizations in Tehran province. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA test. There was a significant difference in the mean systolic blood pressure between first and second tertile of PM2.5 (p=0.044) and PM10 (p=0.026). There was also a significant difference in diastolic blood pressure between the first and second tertile and also between the second and third tertile of PM10 (p=0.002). However, there was no significant relationship between particulate matter and dietary antioxidants with other metabolic biomarkers. The present study showed that exposure of elderly citizens with particulate matters less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter would increase their blood pressure.

Cognitive impairment is one of the most important symptoms of schizophrenia. Although drug therapy is beneficial for the improvement of schizophrenia symptoms, about 30% of patients are resistant to treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Yoga exercises on the sustained attention and memory performance of schizophrenic patients. In this semi-experimental study, 24 schizophrenia patients were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups in terms of Intelligence quotient, duration of illness, medication and alcohol and narcotics consumption. Participants performed a sustained attention and memory performance test before starting Yoga exercises. The sustained attention and memory performance tests were repeated after eight weeks of Yoga exercises, three sessions per week. The results showed that Yoga exercises had a significant effect on sustained attention subscales (p<0.05). However, there was no change in the commission error after the Yoga exercises. Furthermore, in memory performance, the effect of Yoga exercises on general memory, mental control, associative learning, and visual memory subscales were significant (p<0.05). But these changes were not significant in other subscales. The present study shows that eight weeks of Yoga exercises have changed the subscales of sustained attention and memory performance, which is effective on the cognitive function of schizophrenic patients. It is suggested that Yoga exercises be used to improve the sustained attention and memory performance of schizophrenic patients.

Attitude toward management models plays a significant role in the organization's progress and the health of human capital. Since the students of the Aja University of Medical Sciences will play a key role in managing the military health institutes and providing health for army personnel and their families in the future, so this study was conducted to investigate the students’ attitude of Aja University of Medical Sciences toward the “Idealistic Management Model".

This descriptive-analytic study was performed in 2017. Totally, 364 students of Aja University of Medical Sciences were recruited by simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the attitude of subjects towards the “Idealistic Management Model”. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed.

The total score of students’ attitude toward the “Idealistic Management Model” was 134.68±18.27. Most of the subjects (64%) had a very favorable attitude toward this model. There was a significant negative correlation between age and educational grade with different dimensions and the total score of the “Idealistic Management Model” (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the college type and the dimensions of managerial and personality competency (p<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the field of study with managerial competency and personality competency with a total score of “Idealistic Management Model” (p<0.05).

The students had a very desirable attitude towards the “Idealistic Management Model”. More studies to assess the attitude of other students and personnel in other setting are recommended.

Separation anxiety is the most common anxiety disorder in children. The neglected treatment of this disorder at early ages may be a risk factor for other childhood and adult psychological disorders. The early years of life are considered to be one of the most critical stages of human development and any physical or psychological damage will cause the effects on sustainability in other stages of human development. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of voluntary physical activity on depression caused by maternal separation stress in male rats. In the present study, we applied maternal separation (MS) ‎as a valid animal model of early life adversity to male Wistar ‎albino rats from postnatal ‎day (PND) 2 to 14 for 180 min per day. At PND 21, rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups (Control, MS, Running Wheel exercise). At ‎PND 60, depressive-like behaviors were assessed by using forced ‎swimming test. Our result revealed the depressive-like behaviors following MS ‎stress. In the Running Wheel group depression treatment behavior was observed. ‎ In this study we found that running wheel exercise as a voluntary physical training unlike mandatory physical exercise during adolescence is able to change depressive-like behaviors.