نشریه اسلام و سلامت
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 9، بهار و تابستان 1398)

Divine trial is one of the most central themes of the Qur'an with the philosophy of man's evolution, divine blessing and return of man to God. The birth of a premature infant is a special experience for mothers and they arefaced with numerous care challenges. The purpose of this study was to explain the experiences of mothers in managing the premature infant's birth. The present qualitative study was conducted with a content analysis approach. The data collection process included 18 semi-structured and in-depth interviews with the mothers of infants born prematurely during 2012-2013 in four neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) affiliated with academic centers in Iran. All interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim and finally analyzed using a conventional content analysis. Robustness of data analysis was evaluated by participants and external control. Data analysis led to the extraction of the "finding meaning in life" category. This category has been revealed in mothers with subcategories of "change in understanding of spirituality, change in understanding of the philosophy of life and change in self-perception". Mothers of premature infants attained a certain degree of spiritual growth at different times of premature infant growth. They believed that the birth of a premature baby was worthy of divine favor and an indication of the blessing of Allah. These beliefs became the basis of acceptance of difficulties and challenges.

Suicide is interpreted as an attempt to validate life or to leave everything. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, lack of meaning finding and Glaser's basic needs dissatisfaction with student's suicide. The foundational study is methodologically comparative, correlational and descriptive. The population included all upper diploma, B.A. and M.A. students of Hamedan Islamic Azad University, who were in the first semester of academic years of 2015-2016 in different faculties. The testees answered to questionnaires about suicidal thoughts, Young's maladaptive schemas, meaning finding and Glaser's basic needs and the results were analyzed using statistical methods. Spearman's correlation method was used to investigate the hypotheses. The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between Glaser's basic needs and early maladaptive schemas with life meaning with suicide tendency among the students of Hamedan Islamic Azad University. The results indicate that there is a reverse relationship between Glaser's basic needs and early maladaptive schemas with life meaning with suicide tendency, representing that the tendency to suicide can be increased by lack of life meaning and decreasing the Glaser's basic needs satisfaction.

Desirable emotional relationships and sexual health play an important role in strengthening the family and are emphasized in the holy law of Islam. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the emotional relationships and sexual health of couples from the point of view of Quran and narrations. Data were collected and evaluated by searching for various articles from different Internet sites during 1991-2018. Sexual instinct in the divine word is one of the innate human needs. The orders of Islam are complete about sexual health which is emphasized in the family system. From Islamic point of view, the induction of positive thinking about the emotional and sexual satisfaction of couples in the family through marriage was possible as a real need, resulting in enjoyment and pleasure, mental relaxation, growth and perfection, covering each other's deficiencies, completing half of their religion, protecting from sin, preserving morality and chastity, and finally, the rewards of the hereafter. There are comprehensive and effective orders in Islamic religion to maintain the physical and mental health of couples, such as the prohibition of homosexuality and prostitution including adultery and sodomy, forbidding men and women from erotic look at opposite genders with no relative relationships (Namahram), avoiding intercourse with women in menstruation period and so on. Creating cognition for choosing a spouse, providing emotional and sexual education and skills through providing Quranic verses, providing health for couples' emotional and sexual relationships and modifying the behavior of couples in the home and family through Quranic methods to prevent and resolve differences are related to affective and sexual relationships. Considering all aspects of marital life and sexual issues of couples, especially women, in Islamic religion, the special attention is needed by the respected authorities to develop strategic plans for promoting the sexual health.

Family success is shaped by spiritual health. Learning psychological educational and moral teachings in Islam can promote and deepen the spiritual health of family members. In this regard, the present article first describes the features of a family with spiritual health and explains the factors affecting empowerment of the family. This study was conducted by reviewing the scientific sources and articles published in valid scientific databases from 2011 to 2017 as well as using the Holy Quran and Hadiths. Spiritual health with the concept of knowing the Creator, His love and efforts to reach His revelation can provide grounds for experiencing feelings, loving, helping others, having a basic purpose and experiencing the perfection and peace of life and can provide stability in life through integrated communication among family members. When spiritual health will be at risk, a person may have mental disorders such as loneliness, depression and loss of meaning in life, which can make it difficult to adapt to life. Empowering is meant to enable a person to overcome any problematic situation in life by promoting spiritual health of individuals. Having spiritual health creates a family atmosphere in which the father, mother and others can grow and develop their religious feelings and beliefs, which increases the family's stability and empowerment. For this reason, to further promote the family's culture, the relationships, structure and process governing the family should be emphasized, and the religious strategies should be developed to improve them.

Preserving the purity of the mosques is a sign of their commemoration, and any shortcomings in this regard are disrespectful to the holiest places. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the health status of mosques in Babol in 2016. This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted among all mosques in Babol (649 mosques). The information was collected through direct observation and observation using the checklist form of the mosques’ health environment regulations. The mosques in terms of health status were classified into three categories with a score of 50 (weak), 51-75 (moderate) and 76-100 (good). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 and descriptive statistics. The data showed that 46% (299) of mosques with the score of >76 had a favorable status. Totally, 60.4% (392) of the mosques had sanitary pantries, 74.2% (482) had sanitary toilets and 72.8% (473) had sanitary nurseries. Rural mosques had a better health status than urban ones, but this difference was not significant (p>0.069). According to the results, the health status of religious places was relatively favorable. It is recommended that the health status of these places should be improved with the cooperation of the health authorities and the active participation of clergies in order to achieve a desirable situation and attract public contributions.

Health is a basic human need. Islam as a comprehensive and temperament-based religion does not waive any instruction to evolve the human’s soul and body, and the health education is also one of the strategies for promoting health of the communities. Spiritual health is one of the most important aspects of health, which plays an important role in providing physical and spiritual health for people. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the Islamic instructions on the health of soul and body. This study reviewed the Holy Quran verses, Nahj al-Balaghah, narrations and interpretive and hadith sources. Data were collected via searching in the national databases, Google scholar, SID, IranMedex and PubMed with the keywords of soul health, body health, spirituality, spiritual well-being, religion and health, mental health, spiritual health, religion and health. The results of this study show that the Islamic religion, in its teachings, on observing health and preventing diseases (especially oral and dental) has preceded treatment of diseases, and has provided many sentences and orders for this purpose. People with high attachment and trust in God are more capable of dealing with problems due to having supportive resources and thereby more capable of coping with psychological and physical problems, too. Adherence and proper implementation of the instructions and teachings of Islam can lead to spiritual, mental and physical health for individuals and increase the sense of security and ability to deal with psychological and physical problems.

Much attention is now paid to interdisciplinary sciences and research methods in different disciplines. Health science and its related sciences are no exception and require the development and application of interdisciplinary study methods. This paper introduces a Hekmi-Ijtihad (interpretive-reflection) model for interdisciplinary studies of nursing and Islamic sciences. This model has three main parts: 1- Describing or defining the human being, study concept and status in desired and standardized status, 2- Describing the human being, study status or concept in its real or existing status (what exists now). 3- Explaining, describing and criticizing the current-to-desirable status at which the views and techniques of changing the current status to desirable one are explained. In qualitative studies, the validity is evaluated based on scholars' opinions and via comparison of them with Islamic texts. In order to validate the quantitative findings, the common methods are used in quantitative studies. Numerous studies have been done in the humanities and social sciences using this model. There are some studies in the health sciences in the field of nursing theories according to this model. This model is introduced to readers as a model that can be applied to interdisciplinary studies of Islam and health sciences, especially in the field of theory.

Religion has played a significant role in people's life. Iran, as a religious country, has tried to highlight its role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between five personality dimensions and religiosity among students of Mazandaran University.

Data were collected from 407 male and female students of Mazandaran University based on Krejcie and Morgan sampling table. Glock and Stark’ as well as Costa and McCrae’s scales were applied to measure religiosity and personality dimensions, respectively.

The results showed that respondents had higher scores on religiosity such as ritual, emotion, and consequence. In personality dimensions, they scored higher in neuroticism and pleasantness and lower in extroversion, openness and conscientiousness. Moreover, the results indicated that personality dimensions of extroversion, openness and conscientiousness had a positive and significant relationship with religiosity of students, while neuroticism and pleasantness had no significant relationship with religiosity. Besides, the regression demonstrated the conscientiousness and openness of personality dimensions as predictable factors of students' religiosity.

Considering the high level of neuroticism of the students and trying to treat it, it is necessary to pay attention to the differences in personality dimensions in order to increase religiosity among male and female students. That is, first by identifying their personality type and desires, the method of religious propaganda should be chosen among them.