فهرست مطالب

Genetic Resources - Volume:5 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2019

Journal of Genetic Resources
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/10/29
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
|
|
  • Majid Tafrihi *, Sogand Kalantari, Mohammad Shokrzadeh Pages 1-8

    E-cadherin is a tumor suppressor protein that plays a crucial role in cell-cell adherens junction and tissue architecture and it is hypothesized to participate in carcinogenesis. It has been shown that a polymorphism in the upstream of the transcription start site of the CDH1 gene affects E-cadherin transcriptional regulation and seems to be associated with a variety of cancers. For the first time, we investigated the association of the rs16260 in the 5'-untranslated region of the CDH1 gene with gastric cancer in Iranian population. Seventy- eight patients with gastric cancer and 72 healthy individuals were included and genotyped for this SNP using the PCR-RFLP method. Our results showed that the frequency of the AA genotype in gastric cancer patients (16 of 78, 20.5%) was higher than healthy individuals (9 of 72, 12.5%), the frequency of the A allele in the patients group was higher than controls (OR=1.231, 95% CI= 0.772-1.962, p-value= 0.383), but statistical analysis revealed the absence of association between AA genotype and gastric cancer risk (OR=1.719, 95% CI= 0.656-4.502, p-value= 0.268). In conclusion, our results suggest that this substitution and the AA genotype have not a major impact on the individual’s susceptibility to gastric cancer, and therefore this SNP may be an ethnicity-dependent risk factor. Further works with larger sample size and including other criteria such as H. pylori infection status are needed for more accuracy.

    Keywords: Gastric cancer, CDH1, E-cadherin protein, promoter, Single nucleotide polymorphism
  • Maryam Zare, Hossien Soltanzadeh *, Robabe Narimani Pages 9-16
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among deadliest cancers all over the world. Regarding its high mortality, some researches have focused to discover new applicable diagnosis methods. In this regard, circulatory miRNAs has been received huge consideration as promising biomarkers for early detection of CRC. The study aimed to evaluate the expression level of miRNA-7, miRNA-93, and miRNA-409 in plasma of CRC patients compared to healthy controls. According to the results, miRNA-7 and miRNA-409 were significantly upregulated in plasma of CRC patients (p< 0.05) while miRNA-93 was insignificantly elevated in CRC patients (p> 0.05). Therefore, it seems that upregulation of miRNA-7, miRNA-93, and miRNA-409 is involved in CRC carcinogenesis. Additionally, miRNA-7 and miRNA-409 could be considered as novel potential biomarkers for CRC.
    Keywords: Colorectal cancer_miRNA-7 & -409_Upregulation
  • Abbas Gholipour * Pages 17-21

    Different ploidy levels, diploid (2n=2x=24) to hexaploid (2n=6x=72) have been reported for Acorus calamus, a perennial medicinal plant. According to available information, there is a significant relationship between the ploidy level and essential oil compositions and medicinal properties of this important genetic resource. However, there is no information about the chromosome number of A. calamus that has been recently rediscovered in Iran. This research was conducted to determine the chromosome number and ploidy level of three A. calamus populations in Iran. The fresh roots were removed from the rhizome and pretreated in 0.002 Mole of 8-hydroxyquinoline and fixed in Ethanol: acetic acid solution for 24 hours. The fixed roots were macerated in 60° C in 1N HCl for about 30 minutes. A squash technique was used with 2% aqueous aceto-orcein as the stain. The somatic chromosome number and karyotype details were studied at least in five well-prepared metaphase plates for each population. The populations studied showed interesting diversity in cytogenetic features; chromosome number and ploidy level. Arzefon and Pelesk populations had two different chromosome number; 2n=2x=24 and 2n=3x=36, while Alandan population had 2n=3x=36 chromosome number. The haploid total chromosomes length of Arzefon, Pelesk, and Alandan populations were 13.28, 11.33 and 11.3 µm respectively. The longest chromosome was 1.48 µm in Arzefon population and the shortest chromosome with a size of 0.61 µm observed in Pelesk population. The existence of this genetic diversity is important in domestication strategies and the use of appropriate cytotype. Based on the results of this research and available information, the basic chromosome number of A. calamus is x = 12.

    Keywords: Acorus calamus, Chromosome number, Medicinal plant, Ploidy level
  • Somayeh Sanchouli, Mahmood Neghab, Hossein Sabouri *, Mohammad Zare Mehrjerdi Pages 22-30

    The Oryza sativa L. F8 population derived from a cross between salt tolerance cv. Ahlemi Tarom and salt sensitive cv. Neda was used in the study. Germinated seeds floated on water for 3 d, and after were transferred to float on Yoshida's nutrient solution for 11 d. two weeks after sowing, the seedling was transferred to nutrient solution containing 51.19 mM NaCl (electrical conductivity 6 dSm-1) for 7 d, then NaCl concentration was increased to 163.8 mM (12 dSm-1) for further 7 d. After this period, the traits were measured. The linkage map was performed using F8 populations, 40 SSR markers, 16 ISSR markers (76 alleles), 2 IRAP markers (7 alleles) and iPBS marker (3 alleles). The map length was 1419 cM with an average distance of 13.07 cM between the 2 adjacent markers. The QTL analysis showed that a total of 73 QTLs were identified that controlled 20 traits under normal and stress conditions. Among the QTLs, qCHLN-8, qSLN-8, qWLN-3, qWLN-9, qLAN-3, qLAN-8 and qLAN-9, qRFWN-1, qRFWN-3b and qRFWN-8, qFBN-7, qRDN-1a and qRDN-3 and qNaKSHN-5 under normal conditions and qSL-8, qLL-1a, qNaR-3, qKSH-1 and qKSH-4 and qNaKSH-4 under salinity stress conditions were identified. There are more than 20% explanations for phenotypic changes in the traits. These QTLs, due to the high percentage of justification after validation, could be a good candidate for selection programs with the help of markers in the population of recombinant lines of rice.

    Keywords: ISSR, QTL mapping, Quantitative Traits Loci Salinity, SSR
  • Amirhassan Nikfarjam, Majid Pornour *, Mojtaba Sohrabi, Hajar Vaseghi Pages 31-37
    Breast cancer is a complex genetic disease that has an average annual incidence of two million people and the second leading cause of death among women all over the world. Micro-RNAs are consistently reported to regulate gene expression in all cancers. The present study, the correlation between the expression of hsa-miR-490-5p and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) in breast cancer were investigated. NFAT5 nuclear accumulation occurs regardless of Wnt/β-catenin activated signaling in a substantial portion of breast cancer. The analysis of prediction target and dual-luciferase reporter assays supported that hsa-miR-490-5p directly targeted NFAT5 and suppressed the expression of NFAT5. In a cross-sectional comparative study, peripheral blood samples were collected from 30 subjects with breast cancer and 30 healthy individuals as a control group. Total mRNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cDNA was synthesized to study the NFAT5 and hsa-miR-490-5p gene expression variations by real-time PCR. A significant decrease was observed in gene expression and sera concentration of NFAT5, hsa-miR-490-5p in PBMCs of breast cancer patients. The obtained results indicated that hsa-miR-490-5p acts as oncomir in serum by targeting NFAT5 direct (p<0.05).
    Keywords: hsa-miR-490-5p, NFAT5, Breast cancer, PBMCs
  • Parissa Jonoubi *, Mahsa Aminsalehi, Khadijeh Razavi, Maoumeh Zeinipour Pages 38-44

    Rose is the most favorite cut flowers all over the world. Production of high-quality flowers, prevention, and delay of flower senescence, is a major goal in floriculture. Now a day, biotechnological approaches have been used to improve ornamental attributes. Tissue culture and genetic transformation appear to offer valuable advancements for operating floral characteristics. In this study, after optimizing sterilization for the first step of tissue culture, lateral buds of Rosa hybrida cv. Coolwater were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of BA (Benzyladenine). The results indicated that the highest growth rate and establishment were 80% on 1.5 mg l-1 BA. In the second stage, explants were transferred to MS medium containing various concentrations of BA, NAA (Naphthaleneacetic acid) and IAA (Indole acetic acid) hormones. The maximum number of shoots per each explant (8.00 ± 0.18) belonged to 3 mg l-1 BA with 0.5 mg l-1 NAA. Explants were also transferred to the rooting medium induction with different concentration of IBA (Indole butyric acid) and Phl (Phloroglucinol). The best rooting induction was selected in MS/2 with 3 mg l-1 IBA (62.22%).  In order to the production of transgenic plants, the lateral buds and Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404 were used for transformation. Two parameters affecting Agrobacterium infection efficiency were investigated, including inoculation, media. The optimum time for infection was 10 minutes. The effects demonstrated that the best medium in inoculation was sucrose 3% and the percentage of transgenic was 10%. Transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR (Polymerase chain reaction). The appearance of the 470bp band revealed that plants were transgenic with RhAA. According to studies, it seems that the gene in the roses affects the vase life of the flower.

    Keywords: Rosa hybrid, Tissue culture, Transformation, RhAA gene
  • Hossein Javanbakht *, Esmail Noghanchi Pages 45-50

    Sexual dimorphism in digit ration is related to genetic differences between species in response to prenatal exposure to hormones. In this study, the development of tetrapod digits, preliminary the ratio between the length of digit II and IV (2D: 4D) was investigated in 34 samples of Darevskia cholorogaster in the North of Iran. The results showed no significant differences between sexes in any digit length. The digit ratio 2D: 4D was different between males and females in which the females had greater 2D: 4D in forelimb than the males. However, this difference was not significant. Sexual dimorphism in 2D: 4D, 3D: 4D and 2D: 3D ratios for the male and female showed no correlation within sex. Our results supported a genetic pattern seen in humans and most mammals, inconsistent with basic genetic pattern in reptiles. We concluded that the digits ratios observed in D. cholorogaster could be referred to microhabitat use by this species on different surfaces, besides basic genetic pattern and other ecological effects as foraging and mating.

    Keywords: Lizard, Digit ratio, Limb, Hox gene, Dimorphism
  • Javad Delpasand, Seyed Mahmoud Ghasempouri *, Hamed Yousefzadeh Pages 51-58

    New wintering populations of Whooper Swan have been recently reported from west Asia, a lack of information about the population and its origin. The understanding the genetic structure and connectivity are crucial for determining strategies of management for its conservation programs. The samples were collected from two populations in northern Iran, Finland, Sweden, and Iceland, where with large breeding populations and Poland, where it has started nesting recently. Total genomic DNA was isolated from fresh blood or feather samples and six microsatellites markers were chosen based on their level of polymorphism. The results indicated that the maximum and minimum of Allele richness were observed for Iranian (5.6) and Polish (3.44) populations respectively. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that 77 % and 23% of the total diversity belong to within and between populations, respectively. The 114 Whooper Swans from six populations were categorized into four gene pools. Structure analysis suggested that the Scandinavian populations (Finland, Sweden, and Iceland) were differentiated from the Poland population and from both the old and new Iranian populations. Generally, both populations from Iran have comprised maximum variety in terms of having different gene pool and it is likely that the new population of Iran (Feredonkenar), is composed of individuals that migrated from an old Iranian population (Guilan) to this area as well as some individuals from Scandinavian.

    Keywords: Population structure, Genetic differentiation, SSR markers, New wintering population
  • Razieh Kasalkheh, Eisa Jorjani *, Hossein Sabouri, Meisam Habibi, Ali Sattarian Pages 59-64

    Karyotype study was performed across 7 populations of 4 Rubus species growing in Iran. The results showed that the chromosome numbers of R. sanctus (2n=2x=14) diploid, R. caesius, and R. discolor were (2n=4x=28) tetraploids, R. persicus (2n=8x=56) octoploid. The chromosome numbers of R. discolor, and R. persicus were reported here for the first time. Karyotypic formula also varied between the studied species, 5m+sm+t (Joybar population) & 6m+t (Babolsar population) in R. sanctus, 5m+2t in R. caesius & R. discolor, 4m+3t in R. persicus. In addition, the four studied species showed intrachromosomal (A1; range = 0.38-0.58), and inter-chromosomal (A2; range = 0.10-0.14) asymmetry and they were segregated into 3A (R. sanctus), 3B (R. caesius), 2C (R. discolor) and 3C (R. persicus) karyotypic symmetry classes. Total form percentage and the asymmetry indices, suggesting changes in the chromosome structure of Rubus species, occurred during their diversification. The chromosome number ranged from 2x to 8x in the studied species; it also confirmed that polyploidy within this genus cytogenetic phenomenon caused this variability in this genus.

    Keywords: Rubus, Karyotype, Chromosome, Polyploidy