فصلنامه آموزش و اخلاق در پرستاری
سال هشتم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1398)

Identifying the causes and concomitant issues of academic failure, which are considered to be failures of the educational system, is one of the practical issues in the field of educational research. Due to the lack of a comprehensive review of all published documents despite numerous papers in this field in Iran, this study attempted to systematically review published texts over the past 15 years on the role of studied academic and academic conditions in relation to academic failure.

In this study, the documentation was systematically reviewed and their data were collected. Published articles related to the causes of students' academic failure in the medical sciences universities from April 1996 to March 2010, a total of 1008 papers were screened, 26 of which were full text accessible and of minimal research quality.

Based on the findings of each of the two stages, it is likely that criteria like the male gender, higher age of entering the university, the problems of the educational level, the passage quota, the term of education, the type of field of study, the performance of the professor lesson, the status of education and planning, the conditions of class, transfer or guest history, presence of curriculum consultant, night / day course, social relations at university, urban life, diploma conditions (grade), type of diploma (experimental), lack of interest in the field of study, lower grade of diploma or previous degree, increased interval between getting diploma and university entrance, lack of study during the term and lack of scientific and research activities on academic factors and academic conditions are among academic factors and educational conditions that can lead to academic failure in students.

Despite numerous studies on the causes of academic failure, it seems that standards and definitions used in different studies and standardization work should be done to improve quality. Faculty in the college is largely seen in the articles being consistent with the facts and shows that the reliable experience in this regard is the university professor. It also seems that considering the major causes listed, it is possible to identify groups that are more likely to fail in school and use preventive measures for them.

Adherence to a set of principles for patient rights, all defined in the form of professional ethics, is considered to be an essential and fundamental aspect of health and safety issues, one of which is respecting patient privacy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the privacy of patients from the viewpoint of personnel and patients in the operating room of Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Fasa University of Medical Sciences.

In a cross-sectional study, a community of staff (50 people) and patients (50 people) were randomly selected. Then, their views on privacy were studied using two valid questionnaires, each containing 12 questions. Also, the personnel performance was checked by a researcher using a checklist. After collecting data, data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics and SPSS software. The significance level was considered as p≤0.05.

The results of data analysis in this study showed that the mean score of satisfaction with privacy in patients was (21.32 ± 4.23) and that of operating room personnel was (30.60 ± 7.52). The results of the analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the staff and the views on privacy (P≤0.001). Also, the results of the analysis of observations showed that privacy in different operating rooms was significantly different (P≤0.001).

The operating room personnel expressed a higher level of satisfaction with the privacy of patients than patients, and the overall level of privacy in this hospital was moderate. As failure to treat can cause irreparable physical and psychological damage, failure to respect professional ethics and violating the privacy of the patient can also result in psychological and, sometimes, physical damage. Therefore, training a well-informed and responsible medical staff regarding the importance of the health of the body, the soul and mind of the patients, and the teaching the principles of professional ethics is obligatory and necessary.

Milk and dairy products are very useful as a food. So that their use has a significant effect on health. It seems that the transtheoretical model and theory of planned behavior are effective as a conceptual framework for understanding the process of health behavior in promoting healthy eating habits in students. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the transtheoretical model and the theory of planned behavior on promoting healthy eating habits in students with an emphasis on milk and dairy consumption.

In this quasi experimental study, 300 students of Islamic Azad University of Shirvan Branch were selected by convenience sampling and divided into two groups (the trans theoretical model group and the theory of planned behavior group) based on the lottery. In each group, five sessions of education were conducted using lecture, question and answer and group discussion, and according to the stages of these theories. The research instrument was a demographic and amount of milk and dairy intakes (by 24-hour and previous 7 days recall) questionnaire.

The results showed that milk and dairy consumption significantly increased in both groups after intervention (p <0.05). Also, milk and dairy consumption in intervention group based on transtheoretical model was significantly higher than milk and dairy consumption in the intervention group based on the theory of planned behavior (p <0.05).

Applying the transtheoretical model and the theory of planned behavior and training on the basis of them is a suitable method for designing interventions to increase milk and dairy consumption among students. Also the effect of the application of transtheoretical model is more than the theory of planned behavior.

Compliance with professional ethics is an integral part of the nursing profession and patient care. Nursing ethics codes are a guide for nurses to increase the quality of their ethical responsibilities. On the other hand, spiritual intelligence is an important factor in the efficiency and success of therapeutic team. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between spiritual intelligence and professional ethics codes by nurses.

  In this descriptive correlational study, 164 nurses working in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd were randomly assigned through stratified random sampling. The data were collected using the Professional Ethics and Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation), and non-inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test and ANOVA).

The overall score of spiritual intelligence was 70.86 ± 12.01 at the desirable level, and the overall score of the ethical codes was 10.64 ± 84.90 at the average level. The prioritization of professional ethics codes was as follows: commitment to justice 89.8 ± 12.81, respect for colleagues 13.55 ± 89.06 and commitment to preserving nursing dignity was 88.08 ± 15.29. Also, there was a significant correlation between spiritual intelligence and professional ethics codes (P = 0.001).

Given the significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and observance of professional ethics codes, it can be concluded that strengthening religious beliefs of nurses and holding workshops in the field of spirituality can strengthen spiritual intelligence and adherence to professional ethics codes.

Compliance with professional ethics is an integral part of the nursing profession and patient care. Nursing ethics codes are a guide for nurses to increase the quality of their ethical responsibilities. On the other hand, spiritual intelligence is an important factor in the efficiency and success of therapeutic team. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between spiritual intelligence and professional ethics codes by nurses.

  In this descriptive correlational study, 164 nurses working in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd were randomly assigned through stratified random sampling. The data were collected using the Professional Ethics and Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation), and non-inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test and ANOVA).

The overall score of spiritual intelligence was 70.86 ± 12.01 at the desirable level, and the overall score of the ethical codes was 10.64 ± 84.90 at the average level. The prioritization of professional ethics codes was as follows: commitment to justice 89.8 ± 12.81, respect for colleagues 13.55 ± 89.06 and commitment to preserving nursing dignity was 88.08 ± 15.29. Also, there was a significant correlation between spiritual intelligence and professional ethics codes (P = 0.001).

Given the significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and observance of professional ethics codes, it can be concluded that strengthening religious beliefs of nurses and holding workshops in the field of spirituality can strengthen spiritual intelligence and adherence to professional ethics codes.

In the therapeutic setting, the ethical climate refers to conditions that facilitate ethical decision making. Some scholars believe that promoting ethical climate in health care institutions will better respond to moral stress and other causes of workplace dissatisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethical climate and tendency to stay at work in Jahrom operating room and anesthesia staff in 2018.

 This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 50 anesthesia and operating room staff of Jahrom hospitals. The data collection tool consisted of three questionnaires. The first questionnaire was about demographic information, the second was about the Olson ethical climate survey and the third was about the tendency to stay in business. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 and descriptive statistics (mean, percentage and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Spearman and Kruskal-Wallis correlation coefficient).

56% of the subjects in this study were anesthesia personnel and 44% were operating room personnel. In operating room personnel, the mean score for the operating room ethical climate and all domains was above 3.5 and desirable. But in anesthesia staff, the average score for the ethical climate of the operating room and all its areas was less than 3.5 and undesirable. Of all the staff, only the median variable score of physicians' atmosphere score of 3.45 was less than 3.5. The mean score of retention level for the operating room staff was 13.63 more than the average for the anesthesia staff with an average of 13.53. The results showed that the relationship between the level of tendency to stay at work with the ethical climate of the operating room and none of its domains was significant among the personnel (p> 0.05(.

According to the results of this study, there was no significant difference between the status of ethical climate and the tendency to persist in operating room and anesthesia staff.

Patient satisfaction is one of the most effective tools in assessing the quality of health and planning to improve the health system. Considering the importance of this issue in this research, the satisfaction of patients with nursing care and services in Iran through systematic review is examined.

The present systematic review study was conducted using the search strategy of Cochrane with keywords: Patient Satisfaction, "Nursing Care" , "Iran" in databases, PubMed ,Scopus, Magiran, SID search. Finally, 33 papers were found without time limits until April 2019. The review was carried out with the steps of data extraction and the evaluation of the quality of studies and the reporting of the findings.

A total of 165 articles were finally extracted from 33 articles related to the title of the study. The majority of studies show a high level of patient satisfaction from nursing care. However, other studies have reported a controversial outcome. In addition, nurses' job satisfaction, nurses' psychological characteristics, occupational nursing dimensions, nurses' spirituality, type of hospital, type of ward that patient hospitalized, patient literacy level, health insurance and gender as factors that can affect Patients satisfaction are affected by nursing care.

Regarding the important role of patient satisfaction from care services in improving the patient and improving the quality of health care, health policy makers should pay particular attention to removing relevant barriers and problems from both the patient and the nurses.

Teamwork is essential in terms of the professional nature and complementarity of activities in the clinic. This emphasizes the importance of research on teamwork, including; Reveals client education. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of team training on self-care of women undergoing cesarean section at Pasteur Hospital in Bam in 2014.

In this quasi -experimental study, 66 patients under cesarean section were randomly divided into two groups of control and intervention groups. Self-care education in the intervention group was performed by an educational team consisting of midwives and nurses and in the control group, routine education was provided. At the end, the two group’s intervention and control were compared in terms of knowledge and self-care practice. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16, in accordance with the research objectives.

The mean self-care score of the control group was 13.85±6.67 in the pretest and 17.75±25.2 in the posttest. In the intervention group, the mean was 10.70±5.35 and after the team education was 39.4±3.68, this difference was statistically significant (P≤0.001). In other words, team education significantly increased the rate. Women's knowledge and self-care practice has been monitored by cesarean section.

Based on the results of the research, team education was a common method for effective education on self-care promotion among the patients. Therefore, it is suggested that patient education be organized as a team education, and medical staff, especially nurses and midwives, participate purposefully in women education