نشریه رهیافت
پیاپی 72 (زمستان 1397)

The scientific growth in Iran has been Deceptive. Its prideful indicators along with disturbing evidence have become a paradox. There are contradictory signs of it. Iran is a country of fifty thousand scientific articles that's 50 times as much in twenty years. Its growth rate has exceeded fast developmenting countries like China, Korea, and Turkey. Nearly 1,800 magazines are often quarterly, continue to increase yearly plenty of articles to the archive of Iranian knowledge archive. Articles with several million citations. Twenty percent of Iranian scientific papers are written by an international contributing author. Iran's contribution to the human and social knowledge of the world according to the publication of articles increased from about 0.4% in 2012 to 0.7% in 2018. It is a sharp turn: Publish or Perish! But what is the result? A huge machine that has an annual financial turnover of more than 1000 billion Tomans. Its fuel is 800,000 postgraduate students plus over eighty thousand faculty members. The manufactoral model is the automatic production of student-faculty articles. The student writes and the faculty sees! Its gears are the regulations that count the papers and gives degree. Counts again and gives the academic rank of a faculty member. Again counts and determines other ranks. Again, the myth of counting, counting and still counting. Sometimes even systematic corruption breaks out in the process of producing and publishing these articles. But one thing remains unclear; what is the social impact of these articles? What helps to promote Iranian national knowledge and awareness? What contribution does it make to people's everyday life around the country and the sustainable development of this land? What national added value does it bring? Where are the humanities and social science articles In this case? There are a variety of ways to test the quality of performance. One way is to compare them with benchmark performance from the past to the present. In this article, eight generations of authentic articles in the humanities and social sciences that has been published for the past two centuries in Akhtar to Bukhara are set as benchmark performance for criticism of the current mass of official papers in journals called scientific journals. Probably at least ten types of traumatic tendencies cause a form of inertia. Reduces hope for the quality of articles in humanities and social science and the social impact of these articles: the centrality of quantity, formalism, ritualism, stateism, the centrality of supply, subsistence, officiality, behaviorism/ centrality of administrative duty, managerialism, and the problem of ivory tower.

The scientific growth in Iran has been Deceptive. Its prideful indicators along with disturbing evidence have become a paradox. There are contradictory signs of it. Iran is a country of fifty thousand scientific articles that's 50 times as much in twenty years. Its growth rate has exceeded fast developmenting countries like China, Korea, and Turkey. Nearly 1,800 magazines are often quarterly, continue to increase yearly plenty of articles to the archive of Iranian knowledge archive. Articles with several million citations. Twenty percent of Iranian scientific papers are written by an international contributing author. Iran's contribution to the human and social knowledge of the world according to the publication of articles increased from about 0.4% in 2012 to 0.7% in 2018. It is a sharp turn: Publish or Perish! But what is the result? A huge machine that has an annual financial turnover of more than 1000 billion Tomans. Its fuel is 800,000 postgraduate students plus over eighty thousand faculty members. The manufactoral model is the automatic production of student-faculty articles. The student writes and the faculty sees! Its gears are the regulations that count the papers and gives degree. Counts again and gives the academic rank of a faculty member. Again counts and determines other ranks. Again, the myth of counting, counting and still counting. Sometimes even systematic corruption breaks out in the process of producing and publishing these articles. But one thing remains unclear; what is the social impact of these articles? What helps to promote Iranian national knowledge and awareness? What contribution does it make to people's everyday life around the country and the sustainable development of this land? What national added value does it bring? Where are the humanities and social science articles In this case? There are a variety of ways to test the quality of performance. One way is to compare them with benchmark performance from the past to the present. In this article, eight generations of authentic articles in the humanities and social sciences that has been published for the past two centuries in Akhtar to Bukhara are set as benchmark performance for criticism of the current mass of official papers in journals called scientific journals. Probably at least ten types of traumatic tendencies cause a form of inertia. Reduces hope for the quality of articles in humanities and social science and the social impact of these articles: the centrality of quantity, formalism, ritualism, stateism, the centrality of supply, subsistence, officiality, behaviorism/ centrality of administrative duty, managerialism, and the problem of ivory tower.

The aim of the present work is to illustrate the most important theoretical gaps of commercialization of scientific research, in inside and outside of the country. In addition, some of the most significant research ideas are proposed to depict the future path of this topic. The utilized method in the investigation, which was led to this paper, was the library research and conceptual analysis. In World Literature, it is observed that some of the literatures have been mainly reasoned on the basis of sociological theories of science against the commercialization of scientific research, and some others, used the objective and empirical results, to provide their defense for commercialization as an existing reality. In domestic literature, five main topics, which attract the attention of authors, are as follow: definition the concepts of commercialization of scientific research, appropriate executive models in Iran, the success factors of commercialization of science in universities of the world and Iran, present obstacles in Iran, its positive and negative consequences. The two recent issues have more importance in domestic literature, mostly the scientific community of management, and to a lesser extent, the sociologists have been entered to this debate. Other scholars in the fields of science policy, economics of science, and philosophy of science have been disregarded to this issue. The debate on commercialization of scientific research within the country lacks the theoretical frameworks for analyzing, evaluating and proceeding to the necessity of the subject.

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of incentives, Trust, and Pleasure on helping others to share knowledge. This is applied research that is descriptive and has been used to collect the views of the members of research and education centers affiliated to the Jihad-e-Agriculture Organization of Fars province. A structural equation model has been used to analyze the relationships between the variables in the research. The results show that the direct impact of Incentives and Enjoyment of Helping other people on their sharing intention isn't confirmed. But the direct impact of trust on the intention to share knowledge is confirmed. The indirect effect of incentives, trust, and Enjoyment of Helping others to share knowledge through mental norms and Attitudes toward knowledge sharing is confirmed. Beliefs play a central role in the organization's sharing process. Managers can have a significant influence on the organization's attitudes and norms in organizations through various variables and affecting their beliefs, ultimately, by creating the Intention to do it in individuals rather than creating appropriate behavior and approval in the organization they are effective.

This study aims to investigate and evaluate the scientific productions of Iran and the world in the field of seismology in the Web of Science database from 1970 to 2018, quantitatively and qualitatively. The present study was carried out, using a scientometric approach. This research is applied research that evaluates the quality and quantity of scientific products of the world and Iran in the field of seismology. The results showed that the number of scientific productions in the seismology field in the world is 114292 documents. The number of papers published by the Iranian researchers in this area was 3065 documents. Furthermore, the results showed that Iran is in the thirteenth position in the world and sixth position among other Asian countries. The total number of citations documents published by Iranians was 1963. The average citation per document was 6.25 and the H-index for Iran in this field is 51. The results showed that while Iran is an earthquake-prone country; the number of scientific research conducted by the Iranian researchers is low, in comparison to some countries that are not the earthquake-prone countries. Therefore, more attention should be paid to research and development in the field of seismology.

The purpose of this study was to enhance the ability of librarians in conflict management in libraries through the use of communication skills and interpersonal communication. Therefore, in this research, the effect of communication skills of librarians on interpersonal communication and its role in conflict management strategies in libraries was investigated.
This is a descriptive study that was conducted through a survey method. The study community consisted of all librarians working in the public libraries of Markazi province. Data collection tools consisted of Queen Dom communication skills questionnaire, Graham interpersonal communication, and Potenhn and Wilson Corporate Communication Conflict Management. Using Levin's test for data variance, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for natural distribution of data, t and F tests for comparison of averages and linear regression and structural equation modeling were used to study the effect of observed variables on the variables.
The result of the statistical regression test shows the effect of components of communication skills on interpersonal communication and conflict management strategies as well as the components of communication skills with conflict management strategies that have a significant effect.
Given the role of the causal communication skills, it is possible to identify the weaknesses in this field in public libraries, to develop these skills through the workshops and the proposals proposed in this study so that librarians can benefit in providing services to users. Take their communication skills and adopt the best communication method in the user's referral.

This article is an attempt to organize knowledge of cultural observatories. In the studies dedicated to the theme of management of culture, this subject is relatively new and less analyzed. The text is based on the classification adopted by J. M. Schuster in 1999, the results of the work of the ENCATC Working Group: Cultural Observatories and Cultural Information and Knowledge and the author’s research. The article presents and compares various models (especially based on networks and institutional forms), scope and objectives of the observatories. However, it also raises questions about the essence of the observatories and the governance of accumulated knowledge.