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Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Volume:8 Issue: 2, Jul 2019

Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Volume:8 Issue: 2, Jul 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1398/04/10
  • تعداد عناوین: 15
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  • Morteza Bagheri*, Khadijeh Makhdoomi, Ahmad Ali Nikibakhsh, Isa Abdi Rad, Ali Taghizadeh Pages 102-110
    Background

    Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a highly prevalent life-threatening monogenic disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Roughly 1:400-1000 individuals are affected with this disease worldwide. The development of ADPKD is largely attributed to mutations in the polycystic kidney disease (PKD)1 and PKD2 genes. However, the pathogenicity of the different polymorphisms in PDK1 in the development of ADPKD remains unclear. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the role of the polymorphisms in exon 25 of the PDK1 gene in relation to the pathogenesis of ADPKD in Iranian patients.

    Methods

    The genomic DNA of 36 Iranian patients with ADPKD was isolated using the standard salting out method. The PCR products were directly sequenced and analyzed.

    Results

    The frequencies of CAG>GAG, ATG>GTG, GTC>GTA, and GTG>ATG polymorphisms in exon 25 of the PKD1 gene were 34 (94.44%), 33 (91.67%), 26 (72.22%), and 5 (13.89%), respectively. The most frequent polymorphism associated with ADPKD was the homozygous CAG→GAG which causes an amino acid change of Q[Gln] to E[Glu] at codon 3005.

    Conclusions

    Our data suggests that there is potentially a common polymorphism of PDK1 among the Iranian population with ADPKD. This may aid in the diagnosis and genetic screening of at-risk patients for ADPKD.

    Keywords: ADPKD, PKD1 Gene, Polymorphism
  • Afshin Shirkani, Atena Mansouri, Reza Farid Hosseini, Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian, Mehdi Montazer, Abdolreza Samimi, Amir Abbas Momtazi, Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan*, Mehran Gholamin, Farahzad Jabbari Pages 111-118
    Background

    Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated inflammatory disorder with high morbidity rates. The eitiology of this disease is understood to occur from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. T helper type 2 cells have been shown to have a crucial role in atopic disease due to their production of the cytokines, intelukin (IL)-13 and IL-4, involved in inflammation. Research has shown single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the IL-13 and IL-4 genes to be associated increased levels of IgE and with allergic diseases such as, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Specifically, the rs2243250 SNP of IL-4 and the rs20541 SNP of IL-13 have been shown to be associated with AR.

    Methods

    A case-control study was designed to investigate the relationship between the two SNPs rs2243250 and rs20541 with the incidence of AR. The SNPs were examined in patients with AR and healthy controls (86 patients and 86 controls). Blood samples were collected and DNA was extracted to evaluate the SNPs by RFLP-PCR.

    Results

    Recessive analysis model of the IL-13 gene (GG vs. AA+AG) revealed that the GG genotype was more common in AR patients (P=0.36) )OR=0.8 [81% CI 0.38-1.6]). For the IL-4 gene (TC vs. TT+CC), the TC genotype was more common in AR patients (P = 0.0022)) OR=0.71 [60% CI 1.41-5.02]). Furthermore, in the IL-4 gene, the 590 T>C polymorphism had a significant association with AR. However, no association was found between AR and the IL-13 rs20541 polymorphism.

    Conclusions

    Our findings suggest that the IL-13 polymorphism (rs20541, Exo 4, G>A, Arg130Gln) and IL-4 polymorphism (rs2243250= C-590T, promoter, T>C) are co-associated with AR and sensitivity to aeroallergens. However, this study used a cohort of AR patients and healthy controls from the northeast of Iran. Given the influence of ethnicity and environment on genetics, further investigation is needed to elucidate the role of SNPs in IL-4 and IL-13 in AR among different populations.

    Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, Interleukin 4, Interleukin 13, Single nucleotide polymorphism
  • Fatemeh Mollashahee, Ramin Saravani*, Tahereh Khalili, Hamidreza Galavi, Saman Sargazi Pages 119-125
    Background

    Studies have shown that zinc finger protein 703 (ZNF703) is overexpressed in breast cancer. Levisticum (L.) officinale is a herbal plant with proven medical characteristics in traditional medicine. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of L. officinale (HELO) on both estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and -negative (ER-) cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468, respectively).

    Methods

    The anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities of HELO were investigated on both cell lines using MTT and flow-cytometry methods. Real-time PCR was employed to determinate the changes in mRNA expression of the ZNF703 gene.

    Results

    The 50% maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of HELO on ER+ and ER- cells were 200 and 150 µg/mL after 48 h-treatment. Statistically significant increases in both early and late apoptosis rates were seen in exposed cell lines. ZNF703 expression was less from 4 to 24 h HELO treatment than in untreated cells, and ZNF703 expression was higher in the more invasive MDA-MB-468 cells than in the less invasive MCF-7 cells. Our results demonstrated that HELO induces apoptosis and decreases cell growth in both cell lines.

    Conclusions

    Our data suggest that HELO alters the mRNA levels of ZNF703 gene while inducing apoptotic cell death in breast cancer-derived cell lines. The use of ZNF703 suppression can be considered as a beneficial target in breast cancer research.

    Keywords: Apoptosis, and Proliferation, Breast cancer, Invasion, Zinc finger protein
  • Farah Amer Abed*, Raya Ezzat Maroof, Ulfat Mohammed Ali Al Pages 126-131
    Background

    In women premature ovarian failure (POF) is a devastating disease impacting women under the age of 40. This involves a significant decrease in a women’s quantity and quality of oocytes, or ovarian reserve (OR). POF can result in long-term physical and psychological health consequences. The earlier treatment can occur to manage this disease, the less likely the individual is going to suffer from the potential consequences. Accurate diagnosis is a critical proponent to ensuring immediate care. A traditional diagnostic marker includes follicular stimulating hormone (FSH). This individual test cannot be used to make a diagnosis in isolation due to the large variability in FSH levels among different women, and throughout a women’s menstrual cycle. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an alternative diagnostic marker for determining a women’s OR. Serum levels of AMH have been shown to be associated with the size of the resting primordial follicle pool. When the levels of AMH are low, this is generally considered to be an indicator of a decline in fertility. In this study, we examined the specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of the FSH assay, against the more recently emerged AMH assay for diagnosing and predicting POR via Receiver Operator Characteristic curve (ROC) analysis.

    Methods

    A total of 60 participants were enrolled in the study. The POF group included 30 infertile women with POF, the infertile control group included 13 women without POF, and the fertile control group included 17 healthy women. Participants were recruited from the Kamal Al-Samarray Hospital in Bagdad city from December 2017 to March 2018. The age of participants ranged from 19-39 years of age. On day 2 of the menstrual cycle, peripheral blood samples were collected from each participant and the serum levels of AMH and FSH were examined using ELISA.

    Results

    Statistical analysis examining the FSH and AMH assays indicate that measuring AMH levels leads to an increased sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in determining the presence or absence of POF among the control fertile and POF groups. However, when comparing the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of AMH to FSH among the POF group and infertile controls, there were no differences among sensitivity, furthermore there was a slight decrease in the accuracy and specificity of AMH compared to FSH.

    Conclusions

    Our findings indicate that the serum levels of AMH have higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in detecting POR than FSH when comparing the POF patients to healthy fertile controls. As the AMH levels have minimal within-menstrual cycle variation they can therefore be assessed whenever necessary, opposed to FSH, in which the levels vary throughout the menstrual cycle. The role of AMH may therefore hold a more useful role in the early diagnosis of POF.

    Keywords: Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), Premature ovarian failure (POF), Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve
  • Eranthodika Nishana, Sham Subraya Bhat*, Kaup Sathish Sahana, Sundeep Kuloor Hegde, Vidya Bhat, Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal Pages 132-138
    Background

    Dental caries is a chronic disease among children and pneumonia is often seen in young children. Soluble CD14 (sCD14) protein is released by monocytes and changes in periodontal infection. The study aimed to estimate the level of salivary sCD14 in children with early childhood caries in association with pneumonia.

    Methods

    This case-control study was conducted on 52 children aged between 2 to 5 years. A total of 17 children who were caries free, with no past systemic illness; 17 children with dental caries with no history of systemic illness or dental treatment for caries, and 18 children with caries and pneumonia were included in the control and test groups respectively. Unstimulated saliva of all children was collected. All samples were tested using a commercial available sCD14 ELISA kit.

    Results

    The sCD14 level was elevated in all three groups. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean level of sCD14 values between the groups. Control group had the highest mean sCD14 values (15070.99 ± 4296.44), followed by the caries group (13629.83 ± 5603.76) and pneumonia group (8566.86 ± 4778.81). There is a significant difference between the groups with p=0.001.

    Conclusions

    Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that sCD14 can be used as an indicator of the healthy functioning of the oral cavity.

    Keywords: Children, CD14, Dental caries, Pneumonia, Saliva
  • Naghmeh Ahmadiankia*, Mehdi Bagheri, Mozhgan Fazli Pages 139-146
    Background

    Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in women worldwide. The development of metastatic cancer is the main factor contributing to mortality. The molecular mechanisms underlying the metastatic process have yet to be clearly elucidated. However, the interplay between the tumor microenvironment and the cancer cells hold a critical role in influencing the progression of cancer metastasis. Within the microenvironment of solid tumors, the lack of sufficient vasculature leads to the development of nutrient deprived conditions. This study aimed to examine how nutrient deprivation influences factors involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Specifically, we examined how nutrient stress changes cancer cell migration, the gene expression, and cytokine production of metastasis-related factors in a human breast cancer cell line.

    Methods

    MCF7 breast cancer cells were cultured in serum-free media for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell migration was evaluated using a transwell migration assay. The transcriptional expression of metastatic related genes was examined via real-time PCR. Cytokine production was examined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

    Results

    Nutrient deprivation of the MCF7 cells significantly reduced cell migration after 24 h. However, following 72 h of nutrient deprivation, there was significant increase in cell migration compared to the 24 h group. Transcriptional expression of markers involved in migration including, β-catenin, twist, vimentin, fibronectin, ICAM1, VCAM1, and VEGF were up regulated after 72 h of nutrient deprivation. The cytokines TGFβ1, IL-8, and MCP1 were differentially secreted.

    Conclusions

    Nutrient deprivation is an environmental stress factor that can influence the behavior of cancer cells. Current treatments implement nutrient deprivation as a potential cancer treatment. Under short periods of nutrient deprivation, cancer cell migration is inhibited. However, our findings show that following extended lengths of nutrient deprivation, cancer cells are capable of adapting themselves to the environmental condition and restoring their migratory abilities. This, in part, may be a result of increased expression of metastasis-related genes. Further research is required to accurately identify how the expression of metastasis-related genes is modulated and controlled in response to nutrient deprivation and environmental stress.

    Keywords: Cancer cell migration, Epithelial mesenchymal transition, Nutrient deprivation
  • Alireza Pasdar, Majid Ghayour, Mobarhan, Gordon Ferns, Negar Etehad, Mahdy Hasanzadeh, Ali Samadi*, Nushin Karkuki Pages 147-152
    Background

    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death, supporting the need for the identification of novel biomarkers as risk stratification factors. Endonuclease G (ENDOG) has recently been suggested to be a novel determinant of cardiac hypertrophy and mitochondrial function, and plays an important role in apoptosis processes involved in cardiac myocyte death. The aim of current study was to explore the association of two genetic variants in ENDOG gene (ENDOG) with CVD risk factors in an Iranian population.

    Methods

    Subjects included 663 patients with CVD and 282 healthy individuals recruited as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorders Cohort Study. The ENDOG S12L (rs 2293969) and L142M (rs 61397314) variants were genotyped. Anthropometric and biochemical factors were measured in all the subjects followed by univariate and multivariate analyses to determine the association of these genetic markers with CVD and biochemical parameters.

    Results

     ENDOG polymorphisms were found at a significantly higher prevalence in individuals who had histories of smoking and breaking point in L142M. In contrast, other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including lipid profile and blood pressure, showed no or very weak relationship with the ENDOG polymorphisms.

    Conclusions

    Our findings indicated an association between an ENDOG genetic variant and smoking history as a cardiovascular risk factor. Further studies in the prospective setting are warranted to investigate the value of this marker.

    Keywords: Cardiac Vascular Diseases, Endonuclease G, Polymorphism
  • Abbas Shapouri, Mojgan Mohammadi, Hamid Reza Rahimi, Habibolah Esmaeili, Mahmoud Mahmoudi, Hadi Saeed Modaghegh, Jalil Tavakol * Pages 153-160
    Background

    Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), also known as Burger’s disease, is a devastating disease affecting the arteries and veins of the upper and lower distal limbs most commonly afflicting young male smokers of low socioeconomic status. The expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, B and –DRB1 genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of TAO. Our study aimed to examine the association of different HLA-A, B and –DRB1 genes in TAO patients in the Iranian population.

    Methods

    A case-control study examining 55 Iranian patients with TAO and 500 healthy subjects was performed in Imam Reza hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The prevalence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (-A, -B) and class II (-DRB) alleles were determined for each participant.

    Results

    Our results revealed the HLA-A*03 (odds ratio [OR]=5.394), HLA-A*24 (OR=5.143), HLA-A*31 (OR=4.251), HLA-A*11 (OR=3.034), HLA-B*27 (OR=6.680), HLA-B*15 (OR=3.959), HLA-B*07 (OR=3.698), HLA-B*51 (OR=3.370), HLA-B*44 (OR=3.326), HLA-DRB1*16 (OR=20.583), HLA-DRB1*04 (OR=8.960), HLA-DRB1*14 (OR=3.746), HLA-DRB1*03 (OR=2.303), and HLA-DRB1*15 (OR=2.111) alleles to occur at a significantly higher frequency in TAO patients compared to controls (p<0.05). The HLA-A*25, HLA-A*66, HLA-DRB1*08, HLA-DRB1*10, and HLA-DRB1*12 alleles resulted in infinite OR, and was associated with an increased risk of TAO. However, the alleles HLA-A*30, HLA-B*08, HLA-B*45, HLA-B*46, and HLA-B*53 were associated with a protective role against TAO with an OR = 0.

    Conclusions

    This is the first study examining the HLA pattern in patients with Burger’s disease in the Iranian population. Our findings have revealed an association between HLA class I and II alleles with TAO.

    Keywords: Buerger’s disease, HLA-DNA typing, MHC, Polymerase chain reaction, Thromboangiitis obliterans
  • Sara Bahonar, Maryam Ghazvinian, Mohammad Reza Haghshenas, Hamid Reza Goli, Bahman Mirzaei* Pages 161-167
    Background
    Staphylococcus aureus is predominant at sites of biomaterial-associated infection (BAI) and frequently infects hospitalized individuals.
    Methods
    The polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) and S. epidermidis rSesC protein, major macromolecules in biofilm formation, were purified under native conditions and cloned and expressed in a prokaryotic host.
    Results
    Purification of the macromolecules was confirmed by FTIR and Western blotting.
    Conclusions
    The S. epidermidis SesC protein and PIA were successfully purified. Both are considered as vaccine candidates.
    Keywords: Biofilm formation, Polysaccharide Intracellular Adhesin, Staphylococcus aureus
  • Mansoureh Bajelan, Mansoureh Farhangnia, Negar Etehad, Mahdy Hasanzadeh, Ali Samadi * Pages 165-171
    Background

     Age-related morbidity and mortality rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) are higher in men than in women. Abnormal androgen levels cause a variety of abnormal symptoms in men. Testosterone and estrogen are the main sex hormone in men and women, respectively, and studies have shown that they have important roles in cardiovascular health and disease.

    Methods

    We measured testosterone and estrogen in 102 men with coronary heart disease and 45 controls. Blood samples were collected from subjects and plasma testosterone and estrogen were measured by ELISA.

    Results

     Men with coronary heart disease had less testosterone (OD Ratio: 0.782) and estrogen (OD Ratio: 0.955) than controls.

    Conclusions

    Low testosterone and estrogen levels correlate with coronary artery disease.

    Keywords: Coronary artery disease, Estrogen, Testosterone
  • Elnaz Abbasi, Alireza Amouzandeh, Ehsanollah GhaznaviRad* Pages 172-177
    Background

     Listeria monocytogenes is a primarily foodborne bacterial pathogen that is one of the causative agents of gastroenteritis. However, the prevalence of L. monocytogenes infection in pediatric patients with diarrheal disease is not clearly identified in the Iranian population. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of L. monocytogenes isolates found in infectious diarrhea samples of pediatric patients in an Iranian population.

    Methods

    A total of 173 infectious diarrhea samples collected from pediatric patients were used in this cross-sectional study. Samples were collected from patients referred to the Children’s Educational-Therapeutic Center affiliated with the Arak University of Medical Sciences in Arak, Iran from May-September 2015. To identify the presence of L. monocytogenes, the samples were directly inoculated into the Listeria Enrichment Broth Base through cold enrichment, then plated onto isolated exclusive Listeria Selective Agar Base. As an alternative method for identifying L, monocytogenes, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of the InlA gene was used.

    Results

     Of the 173 infectious diarrhea samples, eight (4.6%) with L. monocytogenes were identified using exclusive culture media, while nine (5.2%) were identified using PCR. The majority of L. monocytogenes infections (seven cases (77.7%)) were observed in children under the age of five.

    Conclusions

    Our results show L. monocytogenes infections to have a low prevalence for causing diarrhea in children in the central region of Iran. This should be taken into consideration by pediatricians when treating intestinal diseases.

    Keywords: Diarrhea, Iran, Listeria monocytogenes, Pediatric
  • Maryam Poodineh, Ramin Saravani*, Mahboubeh Mirhosseini, Saman Sargazi Pages 178-183
    Background

    DNA methylation has been linked to the development and progression of multiple disorders including T2D. One significant enzyme involved in DNA methylation is methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). This study was designed to evaluate the association between rs1801133 and rs1801131 polymorphisms, located in the MTHFR, and T2D in an Iranian population.

    Methods

    Blood samples from 151 patients with T2D and 136 healthy individuals were collected and DNA was extracted using the salting out method. Variants were genotyped using amplification tetra-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The data were analyzed via independent sample t-test and x2 tests.

    Results

    The rs1801131 A/C polymorphism significantly increased the risk of T2D in codominant heterozygous AC (P=0.008), homozygous CC (P=0.01), and recessive CC (P=0.001) genotypes. Significant correlations were found regarding rs1801133 T/C gene polymorphism and the risk of T2D in codominant heterozygous TC (P=0.001), homozygote CC (P=0.001), and recessive CC (P=0.0001) models. The presence of the C allele is a potential risk factor for T2D for rs1801133 T/C (P=0.001) and rs1801131 A/C (P=0.04) polymorphisms.

    Conclusions

    Both the rs1801133 T/C and rs1801131 A/C MTHFR polymorphisms significantly increased the risk of T2D in our population. Further studies in other ethnicities are necessary to verify our findings.

    Keywords: Gene Polymorphism_MTHFR<_Type 2 diabetes
  • Narjes Mehrvar, Hassan Abolghasemi, Mohammad Reza Rezvany, Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari, Javad Saberynejad, Azim Mehrvar, Mohammad Ali Ehsani, Mahyar Nourian, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Abolfazl Movafagh* Pages 184-193
    Background

    Abnormal expression of ABCC transporter genes has been associated with treatment failure in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression pattern of ABCC1-6 and ABCC10 genes in Iranian pediatric patients with ALL relapse and determine the potential predictive value of determining ALL relapse from ABCC expression.

    Methods

    Patients with ALL were divided into two separate groups, either the case group with relapsed ALL or the control group in which ALL patients have been in progression-free survival for at least 3 years A total of thirty-nine participants (23 with relapsed ALL; 16 controls) were enrolled over 26 months. To determine the levels of ABCC1-6 and ABCC10 transporter gene expression RT-PCR was used. Cumulative doses of the chemotherapy drugs, VCR, DNR and L-ASP, were calculated for each patient.

    Results

    Our findings showed elevated expression of ABCC2-6 and decreased expression of ABCC1 and ABCC10 to be associated with an increased risk of ALL relapse. The mean-fold expression of ABCC2 was significantly increased in the ALL relapse group. Additionally, the expression pattern of the ABCC transporter genes was associated with high doses of three chemotherapy drugs, VCR, DNR and L-ASP.

    Conclusions

    Evaluating the expression pattern of ABCC transporter genes may be a potential biomarker for predicting the occurrence of ALL relapse in Iranian pediatric patients and improve cancer prognosis.

    Keywords: ABC transporters, ‍Childhood, Gene expression, Pattern, Recurrence
  • Zahra Shafieian, Gholamreza Bahari, Mohammad Hashemi, Alireza Nakhaee* Pages 194-199
    Background

    The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible association between silent information regulator of transcription 1 gene (SIRT 1) polymorphisms and risk of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) in an Iranian population.

    Methods

    The SIRT1 polymorphisms rs3758391 T/C and rs369274325 G/A were evaluated in 120 Iranian bladder cancer patients and 118 healthy individuals as the control group. The SIRT1 rs369274325 G/A and rs3758391 T/C polymorphisms were genotyped using tetra-primer ARMS PCR and PCR-RFLP methods, respectively.

    Results

    The SIRT1 rs3758391 TT genotype occurred significantly more frequently in the UBC patients than in the controls (13.3 vs. 1.7%) in both the additive and recessive models due to a significant difference in either of additive (TT vs. CC; OR= 9.529, P = 0.003) or recessive models (TT vs. CC + CT genotype; OR= 8.923, P = 0.002). Also, for rs369274325, the AG genotype was found in a significantly greater percentage of UBC patients than in controls (75.8 vs. 43.2%, respectively, P < 0.0001.

    Conclusions

    Our preliminary study suggests that SIRT1 rs3758391 T/C and rs369274325 G/A polymorphisms may confer an increased risk of bladder cancer in our patients.

    Keywords: Gene polymorphism, SIRT1, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
  • Hajar Yaghoobi, Hakim Azizi, Mehdi Banitalebi, Fatemeh Mohammad Rezaei, Shahram ArsangJnag, Mohammad Taheri*, Soudeh GhafouriFard Pages 200-207
    Background

    The enzyme beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) and its antisense transcript (BACE1-AS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, several lines of evidence point to their contribution in tumorigenesis.

    Methods

    In the present study, we evaluated expression of BACE1 mRNA (BACE1) and BACE1-AS in 54 breast cancer tissues and 54 adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCTs) from the same patients using quantitative real-time PCR.

    Results

    BACE1 was significantly down-regulated in tumoral tissues compared with ANCTs, while BACE1-AS expression was not significantly different between tumoral tissues and ANCTs. The Bayesian Multilevel model showed a significant difference in BACE1 expression between stage 1 and 2 cancers after age-effect adjustments. BACE1-AS expression was significantly greater in ER-positive than in ER-negative samples (P=0.01). BACE1 and BACE1-AS expression were not correlated with patient ages in any sample sets.

    Conclusions

    Significant correlations were detected between expression of these genes in both tumoral tissues and ANCTs. The current study provides evidence for differential BACE1 expression in breast tissues and suggests further assessment of the role of BACE1 in the pathogenesis of cancer.

    Keywords: BACE1, BACE1-AS, Breast Cancer, Lncrna