فصلنامه آمایش محیط
پیاپی 45 (تابستان 1398)

The present study analyzes the characteristics of a healthy neighborhood in the District 3 of Ivan in Ilam province. The Research method is “descriptive –analytical" and a survey has been used to collect the necessary data. The sample of the study includes 321 residents of the district 3 of Ivan who have been selected randomly based on the Cochran formula. To analyze the characteristics of a healthy neighborhood in order to assess citizens’ satisfaction, four components have been used which are: comfort level, security level, availability of the neighborhood. Data were analyzed based on the sub-objectives and using T-test and linear regression analysis. Analytical results of the study indicate that the availability component with 41.39 difference from the mean and a bias of 0.0123 are in a good condition from the residents’ viewpoints. The regression analysis of the components of the study with 0.95 certainty significantly shows that the components understudy have been directly effective in making the 3-Eyvan neighborhood a healthy area.

An Analysis of the Relationship between Urban Good Governance and Social Justice in Urban Areas (A Case Study of Ferdowsieh in Shahriyar)   Meysam Rezaei*, Lecturer at the Department of Urban Development, Islamic Azad University,Yadegar of Emam Khomeini Shahre rey,Iran AliShamsoddini, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch, Marvdasht, Shiraz, Iran   Abstract The integrated management in urban areas, requires urban managers’ good governance and accomplishing this will create social justice in urban space as well as complete satisfaction in the distribution of services and amenities of urban management in urban areas. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between good governance and social justice in Ferdowsieh located in the Shahriyar using criteria such as participation, equality, effectiveness, accountability, and security as the independent variables among which the most influential one in creating social justice was identified in Ferdowsieh. The research method is descriptive and analytical as well as correlational and comparative. The necessary data were obtained using questionnaires. Statistical population of the study included the 30577 residents of city. Using Cochran, 384 questionnaires were distributed among the participants and the results were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Pearson correlation test was used to reliability of the questions. The explanation of social justice through an independent variable (urban good governance) was investigated through multiple regression. The results show that urban good governance with a coefficient of 0.712 has a significant correlation with social justice in Ferdowsieh and also with increasing the amount of urban good governance from the viewpoints of the citizens, the social justice in the city will be increased in Ferdowsieh. 41.5 percent of realizing the city's social justice is caused by the independent variables of good governance; moreover the variable with the regression coefficient of 0.497 in Ferdowsieh has the greatest impact on social justice.

Iran is one of the most vulnerable countries in the field of natural disasters, especially earthquakes. Being placed on the Alpine - Himalayan orogeny belt and the presence of active geologic and plateau have all made the earthquake as a potential danger. Meanwhile, since most of Iran's population live in metropolitan areas, this fact has raised the need for safer urban spaces. One of the most important urban spaces in this regard is Tabriz. The location of this city on the active faults of the region, especially the Tabriz fault, calls for the adoption of urban safety approaches. This article in terms of target is applied and the method is a descriptive - analytical one. To conduct this research, the hierarchy analysis process and Arc GIS software have been used. In this regard, 12 criteria were identified and processed in both natural and human sections and an earthquake risk map was prepared. In this regard, 12 criteria were processed in two distinct natural and human sections and an earthquake risk map was prepared. The results showed that the central, west, and southwestern regions with an area of 13969.6 hectares (more than the half city's area), 59.3 percent of the city, are in high risk of seismic zone and are quite susceptible to earthquakes. Only the northern parts of the city are secured from the earthquake; but considering the fact that the depth and domain of the earthquake are not limited to a specific area, the earthquake in the northern city may occur too. Therefore, the commitment to construction regulations, location of urban development, living spaces, and activities in this metropolis are all important factors.

Public spaces are places where people have the right to enter without being controlled; places such as streets, parks, squares, markets and mosques. Due to scale performance and broad range of contacts, these places have the highest share in the collective life of citizens and help to create a healthy and flourished city. Therefore, improving the quality of these spaces will improve the quality of urban environment. The aim of this study is to investigate how to improve the quality of Azarbaijan and Rudaki Streets in Northern Sabalan neighborhood in the District 10 of Tehran. The research method is descriptive - analytical and the necessary data were collected through survey. The data for this study were collected using questionnaire. The statistical population includes residents of North Salsabil Neighborhood and the sampling was conducted using Cochran formula based on which 381 participants were selected. The variables based on PPS (Public Spaces Projects) consider these places successful in four key qualities: access and communication, usage and activities, sociability and comfort and finally phantasm. T-test was used to assess the quality and Pearson Test was used to assess the continuity of the criteria and finally Fridman test was used to prioritize the criteria. The results showed that due to density of their population, Rudaki and Azarbaijan streets were weak concerning the mentioned qualities. Therefore, to improve the quality of public spaces in the neighborhood, it is important to improve accessibility, connectivity, and adaptability of activities as well as to develop pedestrian paths, readability, efficiency, and to mix land uses in order to maintain public spaces in the neighborhood

Recognition of natural potentials as the basis of human activities forms the foundation of the environmental planning and arrangement. In this regard the climate characteristics and its factors have an essential role in the spatial dispersion and forming environmental activities of human societies, as today's studies and surveys on human being are the bases of urban, developmental, residential, architecture, tourism planning. In this study, man’s comfort or discomfort in Behbahan has been studied based on the existing living climate models and bioclimatic indexes of Beiker, Terjong, stress  and TCI have all been studied using the statistical data during 20 years (1994 - 2013), and is the best time for doing  the  environmental  and  tourism  activities  in  this  city were determined. The results showed that wind chill index has not been based on the climatic activities. The other bioclimatic indexes which were used in the study were the ability of showing comfortable and discomfortable periods of Behbahan which in spite of few differences, they show the similar pictures of the city’s climate comfort .The study showed  that  Behbahan  with  bioclimatic variety  during  the year has both warm and very  cool weather. There is not good comfort in the last month of spring and during summer in this city. When autumn finishes and the weather becomes cool (November and December) or when later it starts to become warm (March), Behbahan has a more comfortable condition for people. Totally autumn and winter are suitable for environmental activities and touring in Behbahan.

This study was fulfilled aiming at the identification of spatial and temporal changes of temperature islands in Isfahan province First, a data basis of the highest and lowest net-based temperature and a committee were founded in Isfahan. Using the data of the basis, a statistical period of 35 years from 1980 to 2014 was chosen as the basis of the study and a geo with dimensions of 18 by 18 kilometers was spread on the area understudy. In order to access the during-year changes of the temperature islands of Isfahan, modern methods of spatial statistics such as Moran's I autocorrelation and hotspots in GIS environment were used. The results of the study showed that the changes of spatial and temporal in temperature islands of Isfahan possess a high cluster pattern. Based on the local Moran’s indicator and hotspot, the temperature islands of the east and north of the province have a positive spatial autocorrelation while the west and southwest areas have negative spatial correlation. During the study 41.45 of the province has not had any meaningful pattern or spatial autocorrelation. It was also shown that the temperature islands are controlled and affected by the local factors which control the space as well as the outside factors which control the time.

In today world, with the communication technology and skills progression, the citizens’ expectations from the urban managers grow up. Because of this, the municipalities make efforts to recognize the citizens’ expectations and boost the service providing process quality and also to measure their satisfaction level. Seeking solutions to resolve the citizens’ problems and enhance urban management approaches have been proposed, one of which is known as “urban good governance”. The current research aims to measure Kiasar town dwelling citizens’ satisfaction with urban managers’ performance and the municipality .The research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and is of applied studies. The urban good governance measurement indicators have been extracted from documentary references and interviewing with the experts .The sample size has consisted of 250 subjects chosen out of 5000 Kiasari citizens .The study derived results indicated that urban good governance of Kiasar is in average status and even in social justice dimension, transparency, receptiveness and responsiveness to the citizens aren’t in appropriate condition. In addition, to analyze the relations between good urban governance, structural modeling and path analysis have been applied .The results displayed that among the extracted indicators, receptiveness and responsiveness with coefficient 0.197 have had the highest effect and the indicator known as participation with coefficient 0.743 has had the lowest impact on urban good governance in Kiasar town.

Sustainable urban development is a development that responds to the needs of the urban people, on the condition that its survival and durability is also guaranteed, and three vital elements, that is, water, soil, and air which are essential for human life do not get miry or be useless. The present study was conducted to introduce an operational approach to sustainable urban development by presenting a discourse for promoting the culture of sustainable urban development in the west urban areas of Kermanshah province. The research method was descriptive-analytic and the required information was collected in two ways of documentary-library method and field studies. To analyze the data using SPSS software, the researchers used Spearman test. The results of the study indicated that by reforming people’s attitudes and promoting the level of community culture, citizens may participate in the process of sustainable urban development with more responsibility. Moreover, information and communication technology (ICT) plays an important role in promoting the values ​​and norms of sustainable urban development in the community. The lack of prioritization of views on the principle of sustainability and non-reformation of environmental-urban attitudes is one of the major challenges of the failure to achieve the culture of sustainable urban development.

The present research aimed to assess the quantity of indicators of economic and physical-infrastructural aspects of resilience in Dist. 12 of Tehran against earthquake which has been assessed according to the optimal rate at the universal level. In order to define the optimal rate in the research, the numerical value of each index in the regions throughout the world where multiple crises have occurred (such as Japan and California) have been considered as the optimal level of resilience for each factor. The method of research in this study is descriptive-analytical. Therefore, after doing the theoretical and empirical review of literature about the resilience, the researchers presented a conceptual model for assessing the quantity of resilience throughout the region. Giving the definitions of the criteria and factors at the economic and physical-infrastructural levels, the researchers compared the quantity of resilience against earthquake at its optimal level. The results of the findings indicated that among the economic indicators, three criteria of the type of business, the scale of business and the level of employment which had been examined were all below the optimal level. Among the physical-infrastructural indices, all indices were below the optimal level, and among them, the density index constructed with a distance of 94% from the optimal level (1) had the highest difference with the optimal level.

Today, regarding the widespread and complexity of domestic and foreign relations in different countries, as well as the prevalence of insecurity in the region, and especially the presence of ISIS, security-defense, and threats are of paramount importance. These threats are more sensitive and important in the border provinces. Maintaining security and expanding it in the border areas are among the most important concerns of countries that have a wide variety of borders with their neighbors. New insights on border security emphasize sustainable development strategy in these areas. This applied research aims to investigate security-defense threats in the cities of Kurdistan province using an analytical-exploratory method. Moreover the study seeks to measure the relationship between these threats and indicators using Pearson correlation. The data of this research were obtained through documentary, library, and questionnaire. This study examines theories regarding the correlation of security and defense with development in Kurdistan province as a case study. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between security-defense and health-economic indicators. But there was no significant relationship between threats and cultural indicators, transportation, infrastructure and all other indicators. Finally, the researchers have suggested a strategy for the province with the help of the elite people.