مجله دراسات فی العلوم الانسانیه
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 1 (خریف 1440)

Semiology is a critical movement based on scientific and methodical aspects applying for the aesthetic conception of poetic texts and deciphering complex semantic codes which are difficult to be decoded through a simple and unilateral look. Using all powerful and effective cognitive tools in hand, semiology has approached the area of literary researches. Its shades of analysis have been spread over contemporary Arabic poems so that semiology researchers can unveil aesthetic nature hidden in the text and develop a different understanding about it. Meanwhile, following this issue in Mohammad Afifi Matar`s poem by applying the semiology method, it not only results in careful scrutiny towards his poetic expression but also helps determine hidden points and latent secrets. The present research aimed at investigating the exemplum of the ode Silent Sun Beam. The major theme of the exemplum is famine and poverty, being comprised of a descriptive report by which social events are indirectly viewed from the aspect of nature. Using its dominant narrative structure, it tried to find words and combinations which could lead the exemplum texture to move from textual areas to poetic aesthetics in a dramatic way, that is, dark and distraught place. Calling for natural words and personifying them made the treasures of exemplum`s vocabularies, Moreover, the textual aesthetics announced the forms of intertextuality combined with folklore beliefs about capabilities of natural elements to change situations.

Tribalism was the most important component of the thoughts and behavior of Arabs who had transformed themselves into Islam. In the teachings of Islam, there was no place for tribal prejudice, and the Prophet (PBUH) did not give it an opportunity to rise through his revelation and management. Tribalism re-emerged with the passing of the Prophet and gradually became a discourse and affected many issues of the Islamic community. Families are important components of tribal discourse, and Hashemites, as one of the three famous families of Quraysh, as well as the founding family of Islam, are more than others in the context of its developments and currents. The main issue of this research is the question of how did tribalism affect the virtue and identity of Hashemites after the Prophet? After a descriptive-analytical survey, it was revealed that the Prophet of Islam did not define identity and virtue separately from other Muslims, and the privileges of Ahl al-Bayt and Zil-Qoraba, which were limited to five in the time of the Prophet, were due to their records and virtues and had no connection of being Hashemite. But with tribalism overcoming after the Hashemite Prophet, they were given the opportunity to make themselves a partner in the virtues of the Prophet's household and inheritance. The caliphs' actions and their own aspirations contributed to this issue. The Hashemite gradually shared with the Ahl al-Bayt virtues and found a new identity, and, relying on this identity, claimed the most important legacy of the Prophet, i.e. the leadership.

The proverb is one of the literary genres through which lexical and rhetorical features and culture of language can be ascertained and through a comparative research, the intellectual and cultural similarities between the nations and their language differences and inter-lingual styles can be realized. This article aims to introduce the originally books in both Arabic and Persian proverbs and revealing the problems of finding equivalents of proverbs between these languages and their comparison, to facilitate the process of finding equivalents based on the descriptive-analytical methodology .The most prominent results of this research are that the proverbs - both Persian and Arabic motifs - are common in meanings although they differ in the same conditions of usage. These differences are due to cultural, environmental and linguistic differences between the two nations. For this reason, in Arabic, there are proverbs that don’t exist in Persian, or vice versa. Therefore, in order to be more successful in the process of equivalence, we should not be fascinated or deceived by words and vocabulary, but we should carefully consider the cases of use of proverbs and meaning and choose the closest analogy of ideals not only in terms of use, but also in rhetorical level.

Conjunctions making up a group of 10 types are of importance in Arabic. One of them -or- which is equivalent to "or" in Persians relates follower and followed in terms of meaning and role. It is said to have many implications in different contexts including Qur’an. This research is focused on the properties of this conjunction in both languages and the most important semantic features of them, and their grammatical structures. Also, it investigates the relationship between context and diexis in determining the meaning of the two conjunctions. The paper is based on an inductive-analytical methodology. It is a comparative study between “or” in Arabic and Persian. The study is aimed at describing grammatical, rhetorical, and semantic differences and similarities between them. For that matter, we selected poetic and prose passages of the holy Qur’an and those of Saadi, Molavi and Hafez. Research results are: “Or” in Arabic is used between the follower and followed while in Persian it is used before follower and between follower and followed. “Or” in Arabic and in Persian has multiple semantic meanings. Some of these semantic meanings are shared between these two languages while they can differ in terms of semantic aspects such as detail and pure differentiation which are commonly used in Arabic but are absent in Persian. ​

The analysis of literary texts that study metaphysical linguistic elements and focus on the scrutiny and search for hidden layers of the metaphysical mental images of the writers is of great importance; the inference leads to superficial and virtual inferences of texts. Therefore, this research takes into account the descriptive-analytic approach to study the theory of a linguist named Frege under the title Objectivity to Meaning and Example and then applied this theory to the poetry of Ilya Abu Mazy, a modern Arab poet. It is suggested that Ilya, as a naturalist philosophic poet, has variously used metaphysical and natural propositions in his poetry; therefore, we need a linguistic analysis to understand the metaphysical linguistic philosophy hidden there. The results of the research show that the poet's use of the method of rhetorical objectification and representation reminds us of the method of Objectivity to Meaning and Example. In rhetorical objectification, he has tended to metaphysical philosophical propositions such as ontology, epistemology and anthropology as a result of his natural tendencies, and in rhetorical representation employ human-related concept. In addition, it is clear from this analysis that Arabic rhetoric plays an important role in acquiring knowledge about new linguistic theories and paving the way of understanding language barriers.

Family policies are considered as a set of measures by governments to support the family and strengthen the family's structure and functions. Historically, family politics has been influenced by two major policies of welfare state policy, including social and demographic policies. In other words, these policies are either focused on providing welfare benefits to the family or seeking an increase in childbearing rates and replacement rates. Family policies in the field of child-rearing include a wide range of support, such as child-raising leave, life support, and daycare. Childbirth leave is one of the most important parts of this policy, with four forms of maternity leave, parental leave, parental leave, and housekeeping. Fathers leave is the latest form of this type of leave, and is generally created to deepen the relationship between fathers and children in the early days of their birth and encourage parental involvement in parenting matters. In this article, selected world countries on parental leave, especially fathers, have been investigated using the comparative study method. The result of the survey shows that among the countries studied, European countries have focused more on the development of these types of leave, but there are still serious challenges in this area such as low leave time, lack of financial support from the father during the leave period, job norms and lack of sufficient information.

Academic engagement is crucial for the accomplishment of education and success in it, yet, with respect to existing challenges in the course of education, some students encounter with problems in this area. The main purpose of the present research is to promote academic engagement by using the stress inoculation training for students where academic stress and academic exhaustion play intermediary roles. For this purpose, we used a pretest-posttest design with a control group. 40 students were selected through a convenience sampling and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group was trained for 8 sessions of 120 minutes each. The groups were evaluated at three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. For data analysis, structural equation models with partial least squares approach were used in the form of the MIMIC model. The results showed that the stress inoculation training can firstly reduce academic exhaustion and academic stress significantly and in the second step can increase academic engagement indirectly and promote it. The follow-up model also confirmed these effects. In sum, the conceptual model of research explained 70% of academic engagement variance in the post-test phase as well as 38% in the follow-up phase which indicate the importance and effectiveness of Mindfulness Program.