فصلنامه آفاق امنیت
پیاپی 42 (بهار 1398)

Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty introduced to international arena, while nuclear weapons were expanding with the Non Proliferation Treaty existing by the time. Thus, to prevent increasing of nukes and prohibiting nuclear tests, this inclusive treaty was born as a fundamental and necessary step by the Nuclear Club support for the new members. Based on the content, the supervision on the implementation of commitments by members is executed all the way through “International Monitoring System” (IMS) by compiling, processing and dissemination of data gathered from Seismic Stations, Radionuclide, Infrasound Stations and Hydroacoustic Network. Such system marks all probable nuclear outbursts throughout the globe promptly within land, air and sea; and transmits it online to the Vienna located “International Data Center” for the ample process. In this regard, the current paper aims at elaborating on the Treaty Verification regime and the scrutiny on the possible threats as well as technical, political and security challenges for the Islamic Republic of Iran upon ratification. The authors presume the verification of treaty encompasses structural and technical weaknesses and challenges, which could be threat bearing for security and military, and limitative politically and governmentally. Furthermore, benefitting from the technical privileges and support, the nuclear experienced states may manufacture the verification system for their target countries in addition to access to their clandestine and confidential military intelligence.

In the new international structure and anarchic environment of the world system, threats of a military nature continue to be one of the most worrying national security concerns. In such circumstances, countries are constantly trying to update the nature of the defensive-offensive power of their troops and the type and structure of their combat equipment to deal with all kinds of threats. The Islamic Republic of Iran, as one of the important and influential countries in the tumultuous region of West Asia, has made great efforts in the field of self-sufficiency of its military capabilities. In this regard, the development and deployment of technologies for the manufacture of long-range missiles and various precision missions have been very important in Iran's military structure over the last three decades and have achieved many successes. In this research, focusing on Iran's missile capabilities, the question arises as to what are the areas, necessities, and strategic goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran's missile program, and what factors or factors have caused Iran's tendency to develop missile industries? The main argument of this article is that the geopolitical implications of the Iranian situation, the experience of the imposed Iraqi war on Iran, the need for regional deterrence, the accompanying international military technological developments, and the backwardness of the arms race, are among the most important underlying factors of Iran's development agenda. The following are the overall goals of deterrence, created and developed.

Securitization of Human Rights is a process in which a human rights subject assume as a threat to international peace and security. In this area some actors have role in process of securitization and it have some element: first, “referent object” that its existence suppose in danger. Second, “functional actor” that facilate path of securitization. Third, “securitization actor” that have ability and competence for announcement of a situation to threat of international peace and security. Here, important point is the way that NGOs have relation with United Nations organs. Officially, NGOs are connected with Economic and Social council and Human Rights Council, but this matter doesn’t caused a case refer to Security council by this process. Beside this, NGOs have informal direct connection with Security Council and by this channel NGOs can influence in Security Council decisions and have ability to convert a human right subject to threat of international peace and security. By this way we can assume role of NGOs in securitization process as functional actor.

Military power in defining the national security of the country and dealing with the threats of foreigners is One of the key factors is considered. The Qur'an and the traditions have also embraced this theme with various interpretations. Since Imam Ali faced three great wars during his five-year rule, It is clear that he had a special view of the issue of military power. The main question of this article is that the elements of military power that Imam Ali used in the war of Sifain? The purpose of this research is to develop the native studies in the military and security field on the one hand And helping the managers of this field on the other. The present study was conducted using descriptive-analytical method. For this purpose, the elements of military power are firstly expressed in the views of scholars And then Imam Ali's view is presented as a comprehensive and indigenous approach. The results indicate that Imam Ali, with the combination of material and immaterial elements of military power managed the battlefield as best as possible.

In the current international system, the concept and nature of security has changed, and in addition to military issues, new issues in other areas are also examined and evaluated within the framework of security. The Islamic Revolution of Iran has always been faced with the security process because of the adoption of a completely different approach to the mechanisms governing the structure of the international system. In the beginning of the victory of the revolution and over the past three decades, the nature of Iran's security was the next political and economic. In the fourth decade, however, the nature of the security of Iran evolved. Meanwhile, the progress of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of modern science and technology as a revolutionary country and in opposition to the international order has been very much considered. Many countries of the region and international powers are trying to assess the progress of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of modern science and technology in the security sector and assess the threat.In this paper, with the definition of the Copenhagen School and the view of this theory on security issues and security.

Most international researchers characterize the U.S.-Israel relations to be special and strategic. The reason for these expressions stems from the United States’ unique support for the formation and continued survival of the Israeli regime. The recognition of Israel by President Truman, only 11 minutes after the announcement of its establishment, is considered to be the apex of U.S. diplomatic support of this regime. After the formation, US government support for the regime has gradually expanded in various dimensions such as economic, military, political and security, in such a way that according to most analysts, if it wasn’t for the support of the United States, there was the possibility of the regime collapse at the beginning of its formation. Accordingly, this paper (using a descriptive-analytical methodology) seeks to answer the question of what the reason behind the U.S. support of Israel is. The main argument of this article, unlike many other scholars who emphasize the one-dimensionality of the cause, is that U.S. support for Israel is largely due to three reasons: "The influence of Zionist lobbyists on the American policy process "," Common Strategic Interests, "and finally" Common Historical and Cultural Backgrounds. "