فصلنامه تحقیقات حشره شناسی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 42، تابستان 1398)

The fauna the subfamilies Ichneumoninae and Cryptinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was studied in Mazandaran province, north of Iran during 2016. Sampling was done using 8 Malaise traps which were installed in three altitude layers. Totally, 126 and 64 specimens were collected from the subfamilies Cryptinae and Ichneumoninae, respectively representing 25 species into 20 genera. Of them four genera and five species are recorded for the first time from Iran as following: Acrolyta Förster, 1869, Ceratophygadeuon Viereck, 1924, Eudelus Förster, 1869 and Mevesia Holmgren, 1890, Ceratophygadeuon varicornis (Thomson, 1884), Chirotica maculipennis (Gravenhorst, 1829), Eudelus gumperdensis (Schmiedeknecht, 1893), Mevesia arguta (Wesmael, 1845) and Virgichneumon albilineatus (Gravenhorst, 1829). Also a checklist of subfamilies Ichneumoninae and Cryptinae in Iran is provided. With new data of current research, the number of identified species of the subfamily Cryptinae of Iran and of the Hyrcanian forests biome increased to 128 and 39 species and for Ichneumoninae increased to 191 and 115, respectively

Cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus is one of the most important pests of storage products around the world and Iran which causes heavy damage due to feeding beans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of MZ isolate of Beauveria bassiana in control of Callosobruchus maculatus and selecting the most appropriate concentration of pathogenic fungus in the biological control of Callosobruchus maculatus in laboratory condition. For this purpose conidia suspension from fungi with treatments at a concentration of 104 , 106, 107 conidia/ml with distilled water containing tartine 0.5 % prepared. All treatments were carried out in 4 replications and in the completely randomized block design by spraying method were performed. For evaluation of mold mortality rates, 4 days after spraying, the mortality rates of all concentrations was determined and mortality in control was corrected with using of Abbott formula. . Data were analyzed with SAS program and the meanings were grouped by Duncan method .The amount of lethal concentration or (LC90) and (LC50) was calculated.Based on the statistical analysis, there is a significant difference between treatments at 1% and 5% levels respectively. The concentration of 107 with 91% mortality was the deadliest and control treatment (distilled water and tween) and 104concentrations with 4 and 28%, were the lowest mortality, respectively. LC50 and LC90 of B.bassiana were 5/4888×104 and 5/493071×106 spore/ml respectively

The potato tuber moth,phthorima opersulella(Zeller) is one of the most important pests of potato in temperate regions such as Iran. Four stages of potato tuber moth(egg, first instar larvae, pupae and adult) were treated with lethal and sublethal concentrationsof Indoxacarband Thiocloprid under laboratory condition at 26±1Cᵒ, 60±5%, RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D). The LC50values of Inoxacarb and Thiacoloprid on egg, first instar larvae and adult were 144,93 and 307 mg (a.i.)/l and 912,146,366mg (a.i.)/l, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that Indoxacarb had a more ovicide effect on potato tuber moth than Thiacoloprid insecticide. Also sublethal concentration effects(LC30)of the two insecticides and were studied on egg anddemography of the pest. The values of mrwere estimate 0.188, 0.147, 0.17 female/female/ day for control, Indoxacarband Thiocloprid respectively. There was no significant differences between control and Thiocloprid treatments. Although the Pupae stage was treated with higher dose than the recommended in farm no significant effects were observed. According to results, Indoxacarb had more toxicity effects than Thiacoloprid on potato tuber moth than Thiacoloprid and most of life table parameters were affected by the two insecticide compare to control

The solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a serious pest of plants in different regions of the world. This pest was recorded from south of Iran and causes highly damage on urban vegetation in recent years. In present study, life table parameters of Aenasius arizonensis (Girault, 1915) (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) were studied at laboratory conditions, on 3rd-instar nymphs and young adult females of Ph. solenopsis. Data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. Results showed that female and male immature periods of A. arizonensis on the 3rd-instar nymphs of Ph. solenopsis were significantly shorter in comparison with the young adult females. Also the fecundity of wasp parasitoid was significantly higher on the 3rd-instar nymphs than that of on the young adult females (170.90 and 150.00 eggs/female) on the 3rd-instar nymphs and young adult females, respectively. According to the results, intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (R0) and mean generation time (T) were 0.216 day-1, 1.241 day-1, 119.39 offspring/individual, 100.51 offspring/individual and 21.32 days, on the 3rd-instar nymphs and were 0.165 day-1, 1.180 day-1, 92.78 offspring/individual, 76.96 offspring/individual and 26.20 days on the young adult females, respectively. There was significant difference only between the mean intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase and mean generation time. Based on the results, the 3rd-instar nymph of Ph. solenopsis was more suitable host stage for A. arizonensis compare to the young adult females

Date palms are one of the most important horticultural crops in Iran. Red palm weevil (RPW)Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olive. (Col,: Dryophthoridae) is the most important and most dangerous pest under the internal quarantine law in Iran. larvae cause the death date palms by feeding the tissues (vines) and emptying the trunk. Pest control chemical methods (spray, injection, fumigation and soil, irrigation pesticide application) are part of integrated pest management (IPM) programme. This research was conducted to investigate the efficacy insecticide Flupyradifurone20% with trade namesSivanto® and injection device (5cc automatic syringe, initiated and re-designed by the author) and injection trunk technique for controlling red palm weevil in randomized complete block design with four treatment and four replications. The results showed there was a significant difference between the treatments for the dead and live larvae and adult at 1% level. So Flupyradifurone20% treatments with concentration of 100ml (20gr active ingredient) injection with 100ml water and Flupyradifurone20% with concentration of 100ml (20gr active ingredient) injection rates the average of 9/7 and 8/3 per palm tree, respectively had the mosteffect on controlling the larvae in compared to Confidor35% injection and spray Flupyradifurone20% on the trunk. Experimental results showed that injection of the pesticide into a trunk is a suitable and effective method for controlling RPW and injection device (5cc automatic syringe, initiated and re-designed by the author) can be used for injection into the trunk

One of the most important biological control agents is Habrobracon hebetor especially for Indian meal moth. Functional response studies are important for successful application of natural enemies in pest control programs. In this research, has been studied the effect of sub lethal doses of Deltametrin and Trichlorfen on functional responses of H. hebetor at controlled condition (26±1 Celsius, 65±10% humidity, 16:8 L: D). larvae, pupae and adults of Indian meal moths have been used separately in densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128. Dipping method was used for larvae, pupae and contact method for adults in exposed cages. Functional responses and its parameters determined respectively by logistic regression and non-linear regression by SAS software. Results showed H. hebetor on larvae and pupae had functional response type 3 but on adults type 2 that has been affected by both insecticides. Searching efficiency was affected by Deltametrin in control, larvae, pupae and adults were determined respectively, 0.008, 0.007, 0.009 and 0.037 /h and handling time 0.99, 1.8, 1.26 and 1.66 h. Searching efficiency was affected by Trichorfen in control, larvae, pupae and adults were recorded respectively, 0.008, 0.007, 0..6 and 0.052 /h and handling time 0.99, 1.25, 1.12 and 2.11 h. these results showed that sublethal doses of both insecticides have been affected only on adult moths functional responses parameters of H. hebetorand showed significant difference

The success of any raw material used in the industrial and mass production of entomopathogenic fungi depends on the extent to which it can provide the optimum food requirement for the fungus. The biological control strategy using entomopathogenic fungi like B. bassiana and M. anisopliae can only be useful if practical and economic methods of mass multiplication are available. In this study, the effects of Protein and Vitamins Supplements on chlamydospores production of these two fungi were investigated. The results of this study showed that different treatments of Protein and Vitamins Supplements in complete liquid culture for chlamydespore cycle of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae fungi in terms of production spores, germination percentage, wet weight and dry weight difference Significant at 1% probability level. The highest concentration of chlamydosporum, germination percentage, wet weight and dry weight of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were whey protein supplement and multivitamin at aconcentration of 6 ml / liter. Also, the results of this study showed that these two species of pathogenic fungus can be replicated with good performance of sugarcane by products and maintain the germination capacity of chlamydospores