فصلنامه تحقیقات جغرافیایی
سال سی و چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 133، تابستان 1398)

Historic bazaars are the dynamic hotspot of cities, have special social, economic and physical structures, and give identity due to their semantic characteristics; these points help in forming the place attachment. Tabriz Bazaar with its unique characteristics derived from the semantic and artistic
The present study is aimed at determining the place identity components and their effects on the place attachment in order to explain the most important ones for strengthening the place attachment via separating effectiveness rate of each of these components.

The present study is practical in terms of research objective and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method.

Results demonstrated that the coefficient of the most important place identity components with place attachment was significant at p<0.01 and criteria of memorability, satisfaction as well as introduction and identification had maximum coefficient with place attachment with the coefficients of 0.541, 0.480 and 0.412, respectively. Moreover, results of multivariate regression showed that the effect of three variables of memorability, satisfaction as well as introduction and identification on the variable of place attachment was significant since the error level of their t-statistic was less than 0.05 and their t-statistic was 5.578, 4.267 and 2.507. Respectively, which were larger than 2.32.Therefore, components of memorability with the beta coefficient of 0.314, satisfaction with the beta coefficient of 0.241 as well as introduction and identification with the beta coefficient of 0.140 had respectively the highest regression effects on the place attachment.

Considering the role of place identity components and the extent of their influence on the sense of place attachment along with the efforts to preserve them in Tabriz Bazaar would help the survival of this valuable architectural heritage, while the quality of Bazaar would be enhanced as well

Attention to social capital can play an important role in improving the process of planning for rural development, relevant professionals and facilitating the participation of villagers in the better implementation of the program. The present research pursues two main

a) Assessment and measurement of the status of social capital in the villages of Zakheryeh rural districts. B. Determining the extent of the impact of the three main dimensions of social capital (trust, participation and cohesion) on the status of social capital.
Methodology Research method is descriptive-analytical. According to the statistical population (3382 people); the sample size was determined using the Cochran formula which is 345 people. In this research social capital includes 20 variables in the form of a questionnaire also validity of the questionnaire was calculated using formal validity (expert opinions) and reliability of the qualitative research questions using Cochran (social trust, 0.78; social participation 0.82 and social cohesion 0.87). To define the sample, random sampling was used at district level according to the number of inhabitants. Library and field methods have been used to collect the required information. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis.

 in the 95% confidence level, there is a significant relationship between the research variables. Among the research variables, only Social Participation has a direct impact on social capital of 0/624 which shows that for a unit of change in the variable of social participation, the amount of social capital will vary by 0/624 units. The other two variables of research (trust and social cohesion) have direct and indirect effects on social capital.

The social capital status of the Sarchah, Shardeh and Zakhoorh villages is moderate; the better and most favorable social capital of the rural Mazrae Pahn one with the mean of 3/80.

The connections (Nexus) among Water, Food and Energy respresent a number of interdisciplinurt and multi-sectoral complexities and challenges. These complexities are not limited merely to one sector and one or more other sectors are affected by the shocks to one of these resources.

These resources are shaped by climate change; there fore, given the complexities between them, decisions will be required to be made. There are barriers to making decisions, in the future, on the climate shocks, thus these shocks have to be identified and prioritized so that appropriate decisions are made.

The relational approach promoters our understanding of the mutual interdependencies among the three sectors noted above. The policies in other areas of concern including biodiversity and climate conditions are also affected by such perspective. A questionnaire was desingned based onthe fuzzy AHP method and made available to the experts.

The results suggest that water resource is put in the first priority with the normal weight of 0.591, food with the normal weight of 0.304, and energy with the normal weight of 0.105 are in the second and third priority respectively. Furthermore, a new approach to the integrated management of sustainable development is recognized as the most important barrier to making decisions on the measures of water, food and energy with the normal weights of0.256, 0.261 & 0.292. The last important barriers are identified as cooperation and communication, the nature of response to communicational shocks, and cooperation and communication with the normal weights of 0.069, 0.087 and 0.071, respectivelly. With respect to the final prioritization, the new approach to the integrated management of sustainable development and the measure of cooperation and communication are acknowledged as the most and least important barriers, respectively, with the normal weights of 0.292 and 0.071.

In recent years, the world has witnessed a worrying natural hazard, including floods. According to global statistics, this risk has caused significant casualties and financial losses to human societies. Iran, including Golestan province, is no exception. Due to the occurrence of numerous flooding in the rural areas of the Gorganrud border of the province, unfortunately, in addition to a life-threatening vulnerability, there are also financial damages. In the face of natural hazards, these issues are rooted in the vulnerability approach. Due to the lack of savings and financial resources, the weaknesses and inability to receive and repay bank facilities and insufficient coverage of insurance among rural households exacerbate losses and losses It turns out. Therefore, to mitigate or mitigate such damages, changing the attitude of people, authorities and organizations from the emphasis on the vulnerability approach to the resilience approach is unavoidable. Because, despite the change in such an attitude, the applicability of the resilience approach was limited due to the weakness of managerial structures, lack of awareness and lack of readiness of people and authorities and most of the management efforts are still in line with the same approach to reducing physical vulnerability.

The main objective of this research is to study and analyze the relationship between economic components and resilience of rural communities in dealing with flood hazard in Gorganrud basin.

The present study is a descriptive-analytic study based on the discovery of relationships. The statistical population consisted of 106 villages located in baffer, one kilometer from the Gorganrud border with 22,942 households. The sample size was estimated by using Cochran formula, 31 villages and 318 families respectively. The cluster and random sampling method was used. Data were collected using both documentary and field data. The mean of reliability of questionnaires was Cronbach's alpha = 0.82.

The research findings show that rural households in hill area – rangeland of the Gorganrud watershed basin have been exposed to financial damages and more vulnerable to flooding due to overcoming agricultural and labor sector activities, In comparison to the plain-agricultural and mountain-forest areas and have a lower level of resilience. On the one hand, there is a significant relationship between the majority of economic components of rural communities and their resilience levels; However, the economic resilience of the whole society (with an average of 2.64) is relatively weak

The agricultural sector is one of the most important economic sectors due to extensive interaction with the environment, the greatest impact of climate change takes effect.  The agricultural sector affects climate change and affects climate change. Climate change, on the one hand, affects agricultural performance and, on the other hand, affects the price of products, supply, demand and welfare of consumers and producers.

The purpose of this study was to assess climate change and predict its effects on yield, cropping and production of cucurbits. The welfare effects of climate change on cucurbits, during the years (2003-2017) in the Hormozgan province were studied.

Meteorological and agricultural data were gathered in the form of Panel data for cucumber and watermelon product  during the years 2003-2017. Using predicted weather scenarios, yields, cropping levels, and harvesting products from 2025 to 2100 were predicted. Finally, consumer welfare, producer welfare and overall welfare were calculated using nonlinear programming model. During the years 2025 to 2100 to predict the welfare of partial equilibrium method was used. Excel, Eviews and GAMS software were used for this study.

In order to estimate the precise function of horticultural crop yield response to climate factors, indicators of climatic zonation region of the province into two. The results showed that cucumber product had a direct relationship with temperature and had opposite relationship with rainfall. The watermelon product has the opposite relationship with the temperature factor and is directly related to the rainfall factor. Changes in performance under the weather scenarios for the cucumber product are increasing and the watermelon product follows a decreasing trend. The overall welfare will show a decreasing trend for years to come, consumers will experience less harm than producers. Therefore, due to the different effects of climate change on  cucurbits, it was necessary to find ways to adapt to the climatic conditions in order to orient these effects. Such as changing the region's cultivation pattern, managing optimal resources and producing climate change resistant seeds.

Stress is one of the most important mental disorders. The issue, which has been ignored so far, is the impact of the built environment on mental health indices.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between housing quality indices and citizens' mental health in a case study of MoftAbad and Mardavij neighborhoods of Isfahan city.

descriptive-analytic method together with Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression methods used in this research. Independent variables are qualitative variables of housing that, have been studied in both internal and external dimensions. 8 indices in the internal dimension and 12 others in the external dimension of housing were selected for this study. The dependent variable of the research is perceived stress. To measure stress, the standard perceived stress scale of Cohen et al. (1983) was used which has 14 questions.

The results of the research showed that in the mentioned neighborhoods as well as in the whole sample, all independent variables have a significant and inverse relationship with the dependent variable of the research, that is, perceived stress. Finally, it was found that the quality of the internal environment in the neighborhoods of MoftAbad and Mardavij, with the intensity of -0.671 and -0.656 respectively, has a significant relationship with perceived stress and the quality of the external environment in relation with perceived stress in MoftAbad and Mardavij neighborhoods is -0.665 and -0.675 respectively. The results of regression analysis showed generally that variables such as interior design and architecture, indoor green space, received natural light, building quality, diversity of green spaces, inappropriate use of color in space, pavement flooring, and the possibility of pedestrianism, the quality of public spaces, environmental cleanliness and environmental security have the most impact on the stress level of urban residents.

Physical indicators of urban texture such as the age of buildings, microstructure, number of floors and type of building materials have a determinant role in the intensity and extent of the cities vulnerability in the face of earthquakes. Many Iranian cities are located on areas with moderate and high risk of earthquakes. Hence, Special attention to the elements qualities and physical indicators of urban spaces can dramatically reduce the incidence of environmental disasters in Iranian cities. The Gorgan city has 360,000 inhabitant’s population and 3,600 hectares’ area in 2016 that is located on earthquake areas with a relatively high risk. Accordingly, the present research, seeks to vulnerable zones determination of Gorgan city texture in terms of physical indicators and also prioritization of affecting physical indicators on its vulnerability through the location of the models.

The research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. For this purpose, have been used models such as AHP, ANP and VIKOR.

Based on VIKOR model results, the highest degree of physical vulnerability is belonging to the central and somewhat southern regions of the city of Gorgan. Meanwhile, the eastern, western and north parts of the city have a better condition. Based on ANP model results, material (0/422), building age (0/224), number of classes (0/176) and micro fracture (0/26) indices, have the highest impact on urban vulnerability assessment of Gorgan, respectively.

The center of the city of Gorgan is more vulnerable than its surroundings. This is due to worn-out and old materials of city center.

The development objective of improving the quality of life in local, national and international, And the human future will be based on a better understanding of structures that affect quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the quality of life based on justice is the space between the villages of Ardabil city.

This research is applied in terms of its purpose and based on the descriptive-analytical nature of which the approach used is of a quantitative nature.The statistical population of the study is 40 villages in Ardebil with a population of 37339 people. The sample size was estimated at 380 people based on the Cochran formula And in proportion to the population of each district randomly distributed systematically between them. To analyze the topic, four indicators were used in the form of 44 items. For data analysis, single sample t-test and COPRAS technique were used.

: The results of the research based on the COPRAS technique indicate this of the villages in the study area are not balanced in terms of the distribution of quality of life indicators, So that four villages in very good, good level five villages, 26 villages on average, and five villages in the area were poor. The one-sample t test results showed that villagers are satisfied only in the social dimension of their lives and they are not content with economic, environmental and physical indicators.

Finally, it can be said that spatial differences in quality of life in rural areas of Ardabil city indicate this Most villages are not in good condition and access to quality indicators Life is not fair.

Of This research is to investigate and analysis how the international rail network is being developed and expanded from Iran to Afghanistan and China, either directly or through Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, which can facilitate transport and cultural links with Europe and the Western world. Construction of a railway from Khawaf in eastern Iran to Herat, Afghanistan, and the creation of the Herat Railway Corridor to Kashgar, China are the main focus of this article. When this strategic plan is completed and implemented, it provides a good framework for infrastructure development, economic investment, especially mining, interaction and exchange between countries. And the geopolitical and geostrategic position of this land makes it a geoeconomic situation.

 In this research, based on qualitative method and a combination of historical and documentary methods has been used.
The Findings The findings show that despite the important functions of threats and challenges to this strategic plan are:

Delays by the Iranian government in completing the Khaf to Herat railway.
Possibility of Russian railway extension from Mazar-e-Sharif to Herat and Kabul following the construction of a newly constructed railway from the Heiratan area on the Uzbekistan border to Mazari Sharif Possibility of extension of Indian subcontinent railway from Spin Boldak Pakistan to Kandahar Afghanistan and weakening Herat geoeconomic situation in near future.

Any neglect of the railway construction on the Khaf route to Kashgar will result in irreparable international losses for European countries, China and the countries of the region, especially Iran and Afghanistan in the future.

Water is considered as one of the main sources for development in Iran, especially in the margin of desert. Its lack is one of the main limiting factors in the life of a society and the development of economic activities.
Regarding the fundamental problems in urban water supply in Yazd province, combined management of water supply and demand in order to balance the future supply and demand of water as one of the long-term solutions out of the water crisis.

Accordingly, in this study, by developing a general equilibrium water status model, three scenarios on consumption and three scenarios in water supply at the horizon of 1397 to 1425 were investigated.

Based on the predictions made in all cases of supply shortages in Yazd province, even taking into account the most optimistic rainfall situation, 265 million cubic meters of urban water and taking into account the realistic pattern and ongoing state of the art in providing water resources of 1.97 billion There will be a lack of urban water resources cubic meters. Also, in the event of an increase in the drought wave in the province and the lack of optimal policies in the field of water demand, there will be 557.5 million cubic meters of water shortage in order to provide the water needed by the residents of Yazd province. Therefore, in order to control the supply and demand of water in the province, in addition to the use of demand management policies such as optimal pricing, rationing and rationing and supply policies such as reforming the transmission system, the establishment of purification and separation of drinking water and sanitation, the need for water transfer methods from Sustainable resources outside the province should also be taken seriously.

Gender geographers suggest that the formation of sexual identity is made through place differences.On the other hand ICT with an international world full of unlimited resources is competing with traditional and environmental resources in formation of women’s sexual identity through modernism.Women in Ahvaz like other women in the world are not excluded and are challenging selecting their sexual identity through thousands of traditional and modern resources.

This study is trying to find out that today women’s sexual identity in different neighborhoods of This City is influenced by which resource and how does place or information technology and communication effect on their sexual identity.The nature of this study is applied -theoretical and its method is descriptive – analytical. The basis of this study is the Field of behavioral and gender geography.The data collection method is a researcher made questionnaire and it’s statistical Society are women over the age of 15 in Kianpars, Golestan, Manbaab neighborhoods

The results of various statistical tests such as Anova,Ttest, Tukey,… showed that the impact of information and communication technology on the sexual identity of women in the neighborhood is not the same and does not follow a specific pattern.But the place variable in this field acts as a moderator variable.Women’s sexual identity is more oriented towards modernity in places of higher levels of development (Kianpars).In second level neighborhoods (Golestan) women’s sexual identity does not show a dominant tendency towards modern or traditional and it is measured at the intermediate level and a combination of these two.But invert level places (Manba Ab) women’s sexual identity tents to oriented weakly towards being traditional.

Spatial values affect women's gender identity building.And the place plays a moderating role in the impact of women on ICT.

One of the approaches to reduce fossil fuel consumption and their pollution in cities, is to pay attention to the climatic conditions and ecosystems of the region and to use renewable energy in architecture and the design of buildings; This subject in the case for Tehran metropolis is more important, due to the high concentration of population and the activity and, consequently, the great amount of constructions.

The aim of this research is to determine the optimal building orientations through surveying the amount of direct radiation energy, received by vertical surfaces of buildings in Tehran city.

In order to achieve this goal, taking into account the azimuth and the height of the sun at different times of the year, the “Law of cosines” computational method and Q-BASIC software were applied to compute and analyze the amount of received direct energy on vertical surfaces of buildings in all months of the year and in 24 geographic directions. The most suitable direction for building orientation is determined through the maximum difference between the amount of energy in cold and hot periods or the highest percentage of radiation received in the cold period.

Based on the results of the research, the maximum annual amount of received solar energy in the city of Tehran belongs to the 150 degree South-East and West, and the lowest annual amount of energy is related to the walls facing the North; In order to get optimal solar energy, the directions of 150 degrees South-East to 210 degrees South-West are among the acceptable orientations (first to third priority). The best orientation for one-way buildings in Tehran is 180 degrees South; Also the best orientation for two-way buildings is the North-South direction and for four-sided buildings are (0, 180, 90 and -90) degrees.

This article evaluates the relationship between land use patterns and sustainable urban transport indicators in Kermanshah City.and that tries to answer these questions as to whether there is a connection between the characteristics of density per unit area with walking tendency as a sustainable transport mode? Is there any relation between traffic safety and traffic relaxation? and finally, what is the relationship between the diversity of land use as a key quality in environmental response with walking as one of the most sustainable modes of transport.

The method of this research is descriptive and the statistical population of this study includes all citizens of Kermanshah city in 2019. Using Morgan table, 384 individuals were selected as sample. Data analysis was performed using structural equations modeling.

The results of the research show that from the total of the three hypotheses presented, only density per unit area with walking tendency (P = 0.206) is not related. the path analysis model in the standard state indicates a significant relationship between traffic relaxation with path safety (P = 0.002) and a diverse and mixed usage pattern with walking distance (P = 0.003). In addition, the concept of land use requires a new definition, with a focus on the diversity of applications and flexibility of the spaces.the results indicate that the use of land is mixed with short trips, and this encourages walking as one of the most sustainable modes of transport within the city.

the type of transport can be effective in terms of access efficiency. Physical physical relaxation measures can improve transportation safety.Increasing safety does not mean reducing traffic, but it means reducing risks and accidents and sustainability.

Today, the concept of capacity utilizing the maximum number of users who use a natural or recreational area at a given time without changing disturbance in the environment is widely used in urban management and planning. The purpose of this study is to determine the recreational range and tourism capacity in the Mashhad area. To this end, three types of physical, real, and effective physical capacity have been attempted to provide planners and designers with a sufficiently reliable basis for decision making and planning for sustainable development.

The research is of a practical nature and data is collected through library and field studies. Initially, 7475 hectares of the area were selected as useful and usable areas for users through the registration of ground points and the preparation of a land use map using the GIS tool. In the next step, through computational formulas, three types of physical, actual and effective physical capacity were estimated. In the meantime, the required parameters were extracted and calculated by reviewing the records, obtaining the users' votes and theoretical research foundations. The researcher-made questionnaire (Likert spectrum) was also provided to users with a record (384 people) in order to score the site management capability parameters.
 

Five limiting factors and ten subsample parameters were used as coefficients in calculating the actual runway capacity of the study site. Meanwhile, the highest points belonged to grocery stores (4.8) and the lowest points belonged to the regional relief system (1.2). Finally, the physical, actual, and effective site of the study site was estimated to be 89700000, 1829880, and 969836, respectively.

In general, the area accepts a significant number of users for recreational and sports activities. On the other hand, the area has pristine spaces suitable for the design and deployment of sports and leisure facilities. However, environmental and safety priorities must also be taken into account.