نشریه مطالعات تاریخ انتظامی
پیاپی 21 (تابستان 1398)

In the 1st AH century , the political conflicts and disagreements among Muslims led to the emergence of various sects such as Khavarej in the Islamic caliphate territory. Khavarej with religious thoughts who had political implications and a military approach confronted with the ruling power . The conflicts between Khavarej Azareghe with  Umayyad caliphate policies encouraged a few groups of Iranians to join them due to the common motivation with Khavarej Azareghe that is Umayyad opposition.The present paper is an answer to this basic question that what was the bases of influence and political _security consequences of the presence of Khavarej Azareghe in Kerman? To answer this question this research aims to examine the bases of influence and political _security consequences of the presence of Khavarej Azareghe in Kerman in a historical method relying on the main resources. The research findings showed that since the Muslim Arabs conquest , Kerman has been subjected to revolts and rebellions against caliphate system due to the stable base of indigenous traditions and the hope for SasanI government survival.  During Umayyad caliphate the most important backgrounds of the presence and influence of Azaraghe  in this area included the political instability,Kerman geographical position, being away from caliphate center and the suitable confrontation of Azaraghe with Ahl_ Alzemeh. Loss of security in the cities and  the expansion of insecurity in the Azaeaghe the link between Azaraghe and Oman Khavarej and the stay of Azareghe in Kerman up to the 4th century were some of the consequences of the  presence of khavarej  in Kerman.

Dir al Ugloo war was one of the major battles in the 3rd AH century in which the expansionist power of Safarian opposed the Abbasi caliphates who recently had released themselves from Torkan's predominance. The grounds for confrontation with Abbasi caliphate had been provided for Yacoub Leis Safari by occupying kerman and Fars ,but terminating Taherian dynasty by Yacoub was an end point to the negligence in Safarian's not very good relations with caliphates. The research hypothesis is that Safari army which caused Yacoub succeeded in previous battles led to his failure in Dir al Ughol war. The heterogeneous structure of Yacoub's army some of whom tended the Abbasi caliphate,inhibited the caliphate suppression. The present research has been written in a analytical _ descriptive method relying upon the first hand historical resources. The research 's main question is that how the structure of Safarian army affected the Dir al Ughol war? The present research concluded that the heterogeneous structure of Safarian army was the most important element of Yacoub failure in Dir al Ughol war which affected the military function of Safarian army significantly and Yacoub failed to recover his army 's defects  induced by Dir al Ughol war.

Relying on the evidence and documents available in the army documentary center, the Islamic revolution guardians corps,the antiaircraft general staff and the police force, the present paper seeks to study the hypocrite practices in airplane hijacking at the early years of revolution especially 1363 analytically in a qualitative method. Most airplane hijackings after the Islamic revolution had happened by Tudeh and marxist  groups . After the Islamic revolution, the hypocrites were behind most of the airplane hijackings. In the airplane hijacking history of Iran, the Bathi government of Iraq was one of the explicit and implicit advocates of airplane hijackers. This research investigated the hypocrites practices in the area of airplane hijackings looking at the knowledge management and experience gain. The main purpose of the research is realized in two stages: First stage: the documentation of airplane hijackings in Iran (especially in 1363). Second stage: learning and recording the protective points about airplane hijacking prevention Based on this the main question in this paper is that: which protective lessons had been learned from airplane hijacking in Iran ? One finding of this research is that the people Mujahedeen organization (hypocrites) had played a significant role in airplane hijackings . Furthermore the convergence, overlap and interaction of all bodies and organizations effective in Airplane hijacking opposition will lead to more security in flying and reduce airplane hijacker successes

Occupying Lorestan by Rezakhan's expeditionary forces caused this region entered into a new stage . Some problems such as disarmament,inhabitation and supply security in tribunal areas had priority for the first Pahlavi military policies. Western force commanders tried to do so by applying various approaches such  as sending khans and tribe's chiefs with  the forces.  This research seeks to answer the question that how was the local Khans (Aziz Allah Khan Sepahvand) relationships with central government to establish security and to disarm the tribes? The research results showed that the governmental forces tried to make relationships with local Khans and to use their influences in order to make security and disarm the tribes.  In contrast some local Khans considering the threat for their positions accompanied them to bring sstability in the  region and to use the advantages of cooperation with the government and created a relative stability in their regions by suppression and threat. In this research the relationships between local Khans with west force commanders is studied in a descriptive _analytical method and also the role of such a relationship in Lorestan discipline is examined.

The invasion of occupier forces of Russia and England to Iran,shahrivar 1320/ August 1941, disturbed the political _economic situation of Iran.  In spite of  the declaration of neutrality during the second world war , Iran underwent the disrespect and cruelty just like it's past history. During the mentioned interval Mohammed Ali Foroghi was on the power as the prime minister of Iran ; Considering that the neutrality policy of Reza Shah had failed and it is required  to cooperate with Allies forces, he made an agreement with these states.  The problem of boundary conflicts between Iran and Russia during second Pahlavi period, since 1320, had been considered seriously. In 9 Bahman of that year, the first boundary agreement called " trilateral alliance pact " was signed. According to the 5th chapter of this pact, Russia committed to exit it's forces from Iran on the determined date which were presented in Iran due to the second world war. Using library study method and relying on the validated sources and documents, the present research seeks to answer the question that: to which extent Russia has committed to its o obligations in the 5th chapter of the treaty?

The military and disciplinary experts in Europe believe that at the early modern period (e.a about 1500 to 1750 M) western Europe had experienced significant disciplinary and military transformations.  One of the important element of this transition at the early modern period in western Europe was the development and expansion of the use of powder guns in marine and terrestrial battles.  The researchers don't have consensus about the western Europe disciplinary and military effectiveness in the world outside Europe.  The present research aims to study the complicated problem of the disciplinary and military structure of great Asian empires.  To do so it tries to study the disciplinary and military forces of agricultural bureaucrat empires of great Asian axis (Ottoman, Safavid, Ming and Indian Teimoorian) all of which were great powers in the field of economic, disciplinary, military and political capabilities before the start of industrialization process about the year 1800 M. This study persists that how Asian politicians were able to merge the powder guns in their military structures.