نشریه پژوهش نامه حقوق بشری
پیاپی 17 (پاییز 1398)

In recent years, women’s demand to enter sport stadiums has turned to one of the most controversial topics. The discussion continuity has led to numerous opinions by scientific and religious scholars. The aim of the presented paper is to investigate and criticize their documents for and against the presence of women in stadiums. Studies show, obstacles and challenges persist despite ratifications of laws and legal protections for women. Therefore, it is essential for women to make benefit of the protection mechanism of Islamic human rights because of their history, extension, and unique privileges. In addition, public awareness improvement, revision on the dynamic jurisprudence of Shiite and religious Ijtihad, developing legal - implemental solutions, and new laws ratification are required in order to safeguard and guarantee women’s needs and rights.

On 8th of April 2019, the United States has put the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps on the list of terrorist groups. In fact, this is the first time that US leaders have taken actions against a nation’s legal military force and there might be extensive consequences for the Iranian armed forces, especially the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. By investigating the political, economic, and military actions of the United States against Iran, it can be concluded that Washington’s actions to apply maximum pressure on our country have a certain logic and procedure, the pressure increases gradually, and the siege around our country is getting tighter than ever. A review on US-Iran actions shows than on the one hand, most US actions have had practical and devastating effects on the economy and business environment of the Iranian state. On the other hand, Iran’s actions are rather threatening and have so far failed to pressure the US and its allies in the region and beyond to prevent them from continuing their actions against our country. Consequently, a strategic response to the United States’ actions against Iran and formulating an appropriate and robust reaction strategy is essential.

In recent decades, urban development, migration, unstable moral values, poverty, and unemployment have had adverse effects on families and have significantly increased divorce rate and its social problems. Therefore, the legislature has implemented laws to protect human rights against these crimes. In the field of women’s rights, the issue of women’s right to divorce is one of the fundamental questions. Although it is a man’s choice base on Iranian and Islamic laws but, if a woman’s rights are not respected by her husband, especially when her marriage continues to lead to violence, the woman may also be entitled to a divorce and the court will issue a divorce if the conditions are met in order to achieve justice. Thus, the present paper examines the realm of divorce by the court (Judicial Divorce) theory, its legal nature and types.

Respect for the rights of religious minorities is an issue that has been addressed by religious governments for the peaceful manner of citizens at national level. In this regard, programs have been designed with special features tailored to the ritual and religious themes throughout the ages. In the meantime, the religion of Islam, with its revelatory origin, has cited a procedure that was practiced during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the Emir of the Believers (AS). Thus, in this research, some articles of the recently unveiled citizenship charter have been examined in order to find out the behaviour of Imam Ali (AS) as the greatest Islamic personality after the Prophet (PBUH) and the greatest Quranic commentator and Islamic ruler who advocates peace, justice and manifestation of goodness, in respect to religious minorities’ rights. This issue has been taken into account while the Constitution, the specific domestic laws, and Imam Ali’s (AS) behaviour have considered peaceful coexistence with religious minorities and respecting their rights.

There is no doubt that any form of violence is reprehensible and condemned in societies and in the eyes of scholars. One type of violence that can lead the victim to isolation, depression, revenge, and even suicide is sexual violence against women. This article examines the Iranian criminal policy on the intra-family dimension of sexual violence, namely, marital rape. By analysing several books and articles, the authors have concluded that Iranian criminal policy has been weak, both in terms of legal mechanism and prevention of rape by husband. At the end, it has been concluded that firstly, various forms of marital rape need to be criminalised, secondly, the victims’ civil rights should be improved, and thirdly, her civil rights need to be revised and amended.

The development of a country is directly linked to the participation of women in its political, social, economic and cultural life. The dominant viewpoint in Islamic countries, especially Iran, is that women have achieved a unique role and identity with the emergence of Islam. The gender equality and progression equalization are part of the constitution and fundamental religious principles. The constitution also emphasizes the role of women in political and civil partnerships and gender equality. In main international documents, the characteristics of sustainable development also indicate the need for a comprehensive social, educational and cultural role of women in society and in the family; in a harmonious way, in balance with the values, and in the interaction with the developments of today’s world. Thus, as an essential debate, it is necessary to analyze the role of women in the advancement of Islamic human rights.