فهرست مطالب

Otorhinolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery - Volume:5 Issue: 1, 2019

Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery
Volume:5 Issue: 1, 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1398/06/31
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Behnaz Ahrabi, Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh*, Shahrokh Khoshsirat, Ali Asghar Peyvandi, Maryam Sadat Khoramgah, Somayeh Niknazar, Shahram Darabi, Foozhan Tahmasebinia, Hassan Peyvandi* Page 1
    Background

    The mammal's inner ear is responsible for hearing and balance. To perform these tasks, it requires the vestibular and cochlear system. Sensor neural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common type of hearing loss resulting in degeneration of internal sensory hair cell, where cochlear nerve in cochlear stem cell and gene-based strategies provide the opportunity for replacement for these cells.

    Aim

    In this review, we evaluated the efficiency of stem cell therapy in inner ear.

    Methods

    In this study we examined different articles in different databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Elsevier.

    Results

    The stem cells have offered desired results in the delivery of gene and tissue engineering programs. Evidence suggests that stem cells are considered as a promising tool in medical applications thanks to their high plasticity and trophic characteristics.

    Conclusion

    In this review, Stem cell transplantation is widely used in clinical practice, and the source is highly desirable, since the patient's bone marrow cells can be potentially transplanted without any safety problems.

    Keywords: Cell therapy, Hair Cell, Hearing Loss, Inner Ear, Regeneration
  • Parisa Sezari, Farhad Safari, Masoud Nashibi, Kamran Mottaghi* Page 2
    Background

    There are several situations that can create a challenge to every anesthesiologist; one of them is genetic disorders such as achondroplastic dwarfism. Achondroplastic dwarfism is the most common form of skeletal dysplasia, affecting about one in 20,000 newborns. It is an autosomal disorder caused by a mutation of the fibroblastic growth factor receptor-3 gene.

    Case Presentation

    A 7‐year‐old boy diagnosed with achondroplasia was admitted for adenotonsillectomy. He had several classical symptoms and signs of upper airway and cardiac involvement. In this case report, we describe the anesthetic management of this patient, while reviewing the difficulties encountered by the anesthesia team perioperatively.

    Conclusions

    Difficulties with airway management and physiology of this disease can create significant challenges to the anesthesiologist. So, we should keep in mind that achondroplasia can be a complicated situation and were should be prepared to manage it.

    Keywords: Achondroplasia, Adenotonsillectomy, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, CPAP
  • Hassan Peyvandi Hojjat, Allah Abbaszadeh*, Ali Asghar Peyvandi, Somayeh Niknazar, Maryam Sadat Khoramgah, Shahram Darabi, Navid Ahmady Roozbahany, Foozhan Tahmasebinia, Shahrokh Khoshsirat* Page 3
    Background

    Spinal cord injury is a progressive process that initially causes abnormal nerve connections. Following spinal cord injury, the spinal cord is impaired after which cell death and apoptosis occurs. Primary damage happens in the spinal cord due to the demyelization of the large axons. Cell therapy is among the new strategies that have been considered for the treatment of neural injuries in recent years.

    Aim

    In this narrative review article, we discuss "Cell Therapy" as a new and safe strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury. we are going to explain the epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects of spinal cord injuries (SCI) as well as SCI experimental and clinical stem cell strategies.

    Conclusion

    There are several promising advancements and findings in the field of stem cell biology and cell reprogramming, with the aim of treating patients with SCI via stem cell therapy. We reviewed critical issues for clinical translation and we also provided a commentary on recent developments such as termination of the first human embryonic stem cell transplantation trial in human SCI.

    Keywords: Cell Therapy, Demyelization, Spinal Cord Injury, SCI, Stem Cell
  • Maryam Sadat Khoramgah, Ali Asghar Peyvandi , Somayeh Niknazar, Shahram Darabi, Shahrokh Khoshsirat, Foozhan Tahmasebinia, Hassan Peyvandi*, Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh* Page 4
    Background

    Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have found to be implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders (ND). Neuroprotection against oxidative agents has been proposed as a therapy on the basis that it might prevent neuroinflammation. Curcumin is an anti-oxidant with anti-inflammatory properties which has been proposed to be used as a therapeutic agent in ND.

    Aim

    In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of curcumin on neural stem cells (NSCs) exposed to H2O2 as an oxidative injury model.

    Methods

    After culturing NSCs, they were co-treated with curcumin and H2O2, after which their effects were tested on cell viability using MTT assay.

    Results

    Our results indicated that the high concentration of H2O2 significantly promoted cell death. Specifically, after using 250 µM of H2O2, the mortality increased dramatically in comparison with the control groups. On the other hand, the presence of curcumin encouraged cell survival of NSCs treated with H2O2.

    Conclusion

    Our result showed that curcumin has a protective effect on NSCs against H2O2 and it may ameliorate the mortality rate induced by H2O2.

    Keywords: Curcumin, H2O2, Neural Stem Cells, NSCs, Neuroprotection
  • Omidvar Rezaei, Somayeh Niknazar, Mahdi Amirdosara, Safura Purnajaf, Hossein Pakdaman, Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili, Leila Simani* Page 5
    Background

    Platelet volume indices (PVIs) are low on price and easily accessible criteria in today’s medicine. However, the impact of PVIs on seizure characteristics in epileptic patients is not clear.

    Aim

    To assess the level of PVIs in seizure affected patients and to see if there is a relationship between these results and the clinical status of patients.

    Methods

    The current study enrolled patients with the epileptic seizure (ES) to evaluate the PVIs for investigating whether a relationship exists between PVIs levels with duration, frequency and type of seizure. In this survey, the platelet indices including mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet count (PLT) were calculated for the patient.

    Results

    A total of 199 patients were included in the study period, for which 59 attacks were focal seizures and 149 attacks were generalized convulsive seizures. The platelet counts and PCT were significantly higher in focal seizure than in generalized convulsion seizure. In generalized onset, MPV was significantly higher as compared to the focal onset.

    Conclusion

    The acquired data indicated that the high level of MPV and low level of PLT and PCT in generalized seizures might substantially contribute to the clinical signs of epileptic patients.

    Keywords: Epileptic Seizure, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), PCT, Platelet Count (PLT), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW)
  • Ali Asghar Peyvandi, Mahbobeh Oroei, Niloofar Majdinasab, Shahrokh Khoshsirat* Page 6
    Background

    The nasal hump is an aesthetic problem for which hump resection can be done through various techniques. In order to prevent improper resection and post-operative deformity, we applied a new measurement instrument during rhinoplasty.

    Aim

    In this study, we aimed to evaluate the outcome of hump resection under a guiding needle.

    Methods

    This report was conducted on 80 candidate patients for nasal hump removal in Loghman Hakim hospital (Tehran, Iran). In the intervention group, hump modification was done by a guided needle while for the control group, eye inspection was used. Patients’ and surgeon’ satisfaction was evaluated after rhinoplasty and 3 months after the procedure. The significant level was considered less than 0.05.

    Results

    All patients completed the course of study.  According to nasal inspection and palpation, the surgical results were better in the hump resection with needle guided localization. The patient satisfaction rate was 90% and 70% in the needle guided group and control group respectively (p=0.048). The observed deformities at 3 months after rhinoplasty had no significant differences between the two groups.

    Conclusion

    According to the findings, the needle guided localization method can be better than eye inspection during rhinoplasty for reducing the cartilage portion of nasal hump.

    Keywords: Nasal Hump, Needle, Rhinoplasty
  • Paolo Generato Sogono*, Catherine Gozun Songco Page 7
    Background

    Data are limited regarding anatomic variations of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) in the Filipinos. Although several studies have described the relationship between concha bullosa as well as nasal septal deviation and PNS disease, only few have investigated the relationship between the infundibular size and maxillary sinusitis. 

    Aim

    This study aims to report the prevalence of nasal septal deviation, concha bullosa, and infundibular size, and to determine their association with CT-confirmed maxillary sinusitis in Filipino patients. 

    Methods

    We retrospectively reviewed CT-scans of 200 patients from June 2015 to June 2016. Examinations requested intended to evaluate the symptoms referable to sinonasal disease. The presence of maxillary sinusitis, concha bullosa, nasal septal deviation, and infundibular size were recorded. Anatomic variants and infundibular size as well as their relationship with maxillary sinusitis were evaluated using logistic regression. 

    Results

    Maxillary sinusitis was diagnosed in 98 (49%) patients, and in 146 of 400 (36.5%) sinuses. Concha bullosa was reported in 74 (37%) and nasal septal deviation in 130 (65%) patients. Most of the septal deviations were <9 degrees (93.8%), and none were severe. A greater proportion of males had maxillary sinusitis (p=0.017). Patients with maxillary sinusitis had a larger infundibular size compared to patients without sinusitis (p=0.017). Only male gender (p=0.004) and infundibular size (p=0.023) had an association with maxillary sinusitis.

    Conclusion

    No association was seen between nasal septal deviation or concha bullosa and maxillary sinusitis. Increase in infundibular size led to increased odds of maxillary sinusitis, though the results should be interpreted with caution due to differences in group characteristics.

    Keywords: Computed Tomography, CT, Concha Bullosa, Nasal Septal Deviation, Paranasal Sinus
  • Qasem Karimi, Mansour Soltani, Akram Khazaei, Mohammad Malkaneh, Mohammad Reza Mofatteh* Page 8
    Background

    Tinnitus is a symptom of an underlying medical condition that is associated with hearing loss in humans. It is a subjective disease where patients hear voices that others cannot hear. Increase in noise pollution, growing development of communication devices, and the long-ranging 8-year war in our country have further accelerated the spread of this disorder. Given that no definitive medical or surgical treatment has been confirmed for this condition, new research to improve treatment options is urgent.

    Aim

    The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a formulation prepared from Salvia hydrangea, Citrus aurantium, Lipia Citriodora, and elm bark on the status of tinnitus.

    Methods

    In this single-blind clinical trial, 144 patients with tinnitus were selected based on pre-defined inclusion criteria and then randomly divided into 3 groups: herbal formulation, cinnarizine, and placebo groups, where the frequency and intensity of tinnitus was measured based on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) criteria before and on 28 and 56 days post treatment. Data were analyzed by the statistical software SPSS version 16, repeated measurement, one-way, and X2 for comparison within and among groups, with the significance level set at p < 0.05.

    Results

    comparably, tinnitus based on THI criteria differed among the 3 groups on 28 and 56 days of intervention, where the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). This difference was more significant between the cinnarizine and placebo groups. The mean severity of tinnitus, based on the VAS score, differed among the three groups on 28 and 56 days after intervention, although the difference was not statistically significant.

    Conclusion

    Herbal formulation was effective on tinnitus alleviation, but its effect was not superior to that of conventionally used chemical drug cinnarizine.

    Keywords: Cinnarizine, Herbal Formulations, THI Criteria Tinnitus