نشریه برنامه ریزی توسعه شهری و منطقه ای
پیاپی 2 (زمستان 1395)

Despite technological progresses in various dimensions, natural disasters especially earthquake has always been a threat for human activities resulting in damages and losses especially in developing countries. Until recent decades, opinions and theories regarding vulnerability of earthquake were limited to physical factors, but recently, they emphasize on the multidimensionality of vulnerability called the concept of social vulnerability. Using four basic indexes of housing quality, population specifications, socio-economic specification, accessibility to specific land-uses and the related sub-indicators, this research not only aims to provide an evaluation of social vulnerability versus earthquake in Tabriz city to explain the relationship between physical and social vulnerability but to present a model of social vulnerability to earthquake, in zone 1 of Tabriz city.At first, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to weighting indicators and subindicators and then after preparing vulnerability layer (map) for each index, final social vulnerability map is outlined created by overlapping layers in GIS. Also using TOPSIS Technique, five areas under the study have been ranked based on social vulnerability. Findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between physical vulnerability and social vulnerability in the study area. Further in unit district analysis, the area 3 has the most social vulnerability to earthquake and the others are ranked 5,4,1,2 respectively.

In most cases, distressed areas of Iran cities make up the core and main districts of cities. On one hand, they are considered as cultural and historical heritages of those cities, therefore; it is necessary to retaining physical rehabilitation and empowerment of their performance. On the other hand, with the passage of time and as a result of lacking proper maintenance, most of the tissues suffer from exhaustion and collapse of their physical and functional. Along with social, economic and cultural changes and new technologies, urban tissues have also been changed since the city like other synthetic man-made phenomena will change over time. Iran's most ancient and densely populated cities have such a preparing vulnerability layer (map) for each index, final social vulnerability map is outlined created by overlapping layers in GIS. Also using TOPSIS Technique, five areas under the study have been ranked based on social vulnerability. Findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between physical vulnerability and social vulnerability in the study area. Further in unit district analysis, the area 3 has the most social vulnerability to earthquake and the others are ranked 5,4,1,2 respectively.

Like many metropolises in developing countries, Tehran metropolis is encountering with different problems including the existence of different concentrations in it which has been the source of many other problems leading to addressing the balance between these negative consequences in political and scientific assemblies consequently. Capital transferring is one of the cases being addressed in order to decrease concentrations in Tehran metropolis frequently while it has not been applied ever. Using descriptive – analytic method, documentary studies and interviewing with experts, this research aims to evaluate administrative -political capital transferring policy and its effect on decentralization of Tehran metropolis. Findings indicate that it doesn’t seem that this policy can be successful in decreasing Tehran metropolis’s problems and consequently to be followed as a moderate policy in declining the concentration as well as adjusting the national imbalances in this city. At the same time, we can assume more practical strategies except capital transferring at national and Tehran metropolis levels which are effective in decreasing metropolis’s problems and even urban system of the country

Today, with rapid development of urbanization, lifestyle changes, negligence of public life and poor urban management, public spaces have been neglected in urban neighborhoods. Since city public spaces belong to all citizens and they have access to them without any discrimination, they can play an important role in local sustainable development. Therefore these spaces are necessary in cities and must be discovered again.This study aimed to understand the role of public spaces in local sustainable development through the components of citizenship, vitality, sense of belonging and identity, participation and engagement in the city. Using sample size of Cochran formula with confidence level of 95 percent, a sample of 120 questionnaires was completed through Yousef Abad neighborhood residents of Shafagh Park. To determine the relationship between public space and local sustainable development, Pearson correlation test was used. Findings indicate a significant, positive and direct correlation between the components of the study Also, analysis of data variance showed that the regression is significant statistically and strengthening public spaces leads to local sustainable development.

Both men and women deploy city spaces corresponding to their social roles and responsibilities. Since women have always been directly in contact with family and society, they should be considered at the center of attention in urban planning and construction. However, urban planning has been consolidated on the patriarchal implementations and understanding of men’s need. That is why urban policy makers believe that considering the gender equalities should be above all decision making for reshaping the cities. To address the issue, this article attempts to sheds light on the concepts of ‘understanding the needs of both men and women in construction of urban spaces’, ‘recognition of the crucial elements in women-friendly city’ and ‘elucidation of women’s role in urban planning. In doing so, both library research and deeds survey will be customized. Thereafter, according to the literature, the suitable theoretical framework will be adopted so that the strategies and the developmental attempts could be done.

Open urban spaces are the most important places for social interactions among citizens. They represent the civil life of a city and act as a place where the majority of social events take place. In many contemporary Iranian cities, however, urban spaces are viewed as places for passage and do not usually encourage people to deliberate and establish social relationships. Increasing overemphasis on speed, technology, and time has affected scales and caused the needs of pedestrians to be neglected. As a result, the deterioration of the quality of urban streets has reduced social interactions. A big challenge in the area of urban design is to improve the quality of urban life and social interactions. The present study therefore seeks to investigate the influence of environmental quality on the improvement of social interactions. For this purpose, the literature on the components of environmental quality in streets was reviewed and five of the most important components were selected. The selected components were used to develop a questionnaire which was given to 350 randomly selected subjects. The results were then analyzed in SPSS by means of inferential and descriptive statistical techniques such as t-test, one-way ANOVA, step-by-step regression, and Pearson test. Findings indicate that dynamicity, access, and comfort are the most influential components and identity has the lowest influence on the environmental quality and the attendance of citizens in the urban space of Imam Khomeini Street in the city of Amol.

To achieve a sustainable society, it is necessary to recognize the levels of vulnerabilities versus natural risks the causes of socio-physical differences. Based on this, recognizing vulnerability and its socio-spatial pattern is the basis of policy making toward reducing vulnerability and increasing resiliency. The objective of this research is to evaluate and rank the levels of socio-physical vulnerability of Ardabil province counties versus earthquake. This research from view of objective is applied and from view of nature and research method is a descriptive - analytic study. The required data for the study has been gathered from the reports of population and housing sections of national census center. To rank the counties in terms of distribution index, and to express the relationship between variables, TOPSIS and Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) has been used respectively. Findings indicate that in terms of social vulnerability Pars Abad County is on the very high zone and Ardabil County is on the very low zone. In contract, in terms of physical vulnerability, Meshkin County is on the very high zone and Ardabil County is on the very low zone. The results of combination of social and physical indexes in TOPSIS model showed that, Ardabil County with the score of 0.580 is on the very low zone and Meshkin County with the score of 0.411 is on the very high zone of vulnerability. Finally analysis of Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) indicated that there is direct and significant relationship between population and vulnerability.