نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال بیست و یکم شماره 2 (پیاپی 89، بهمن و اسفند 1397)

 The present study was conducted to predict pathological eating patterns based on primary object relations and personality organization.

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of BA and MS undergraduate students of Payame Noor University and Islamic Azad University of Qom who were studying in the second semester of the academic year 2016-2017. So, 888 students were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling method. To collect data, Object Relations Inventory, Kernberg’s Inventory of Personality Organization and Garner's Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) were used. Data analysis conducted through multiple regression analysis.             

The primary object relations and personality organization explained 0.23 and 0.17 of the variance of the pathological eating patterns, respectively. The regression coefficient for the primary object relations in the dimensions of inadequacy and insecurity were β=0.29 and β=0.28 respectively. Regression coefficient for primary mental defenses, identity confusion and borderline personality disorder (BPD), with beta coefficients were 0.70, 0.16 and 0.18, respectively that they are predicted positively and suggest the pathological eating patterns at level of 0.01.

It is concluded form the results the primary object relations and personality organization can predict pathological eating patterns.

 Real causes of Autism disorders are unknown. Today, neurodevelopment factors are considered as the main cause of this disorder. Possibly, the potential genetic factors and their interaction with environmental factors increase the probability of Autism. Recently, the interest toward the studies on the impact of socioeconomic status on health is increased. This study aims to investigate the relation between parents' socioeconomic status and incidence of Autism.

In this case-control study, the case community concluded all children who received Autism diagnosis in the health centers of West Azarbaijan Province, and they were educating in schools in 2016 and the control group concluded the healthy individuals. A SES questionnaire was used to determine the economic and social status, including four components (income, economical class, residence and education).      

The results of this study did not indicate any significant difference in maternal leave and socioeconomic status in the studied groups (P>0.05) while distribution of changing in the residence location was statistically significant among the studied groups (P=0.020).

It seems that parents' socio-economic status cannot cause Autism.

 The Internet is one of the most powerful tools of development in the contemporary world, but excessive use of the Internet will causes Internet addiction. Given that various factors can be influential on the Internet addiction; this research aimed to evaluate the role of sensation seeking and brain-behavioral systems in Internet addiction among students of Islamic Azad University, branch of Mashhad.

In this correlational research conducted on 92 students of Islamic Azad University, branch of Mashhad during 2016, questionnaire including: demographic characteristics data, Young Internet Addiction Test, Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking and Brain-Behavioral Systems. Data analyzed through descriptive statistics and regression analysis using SPSS software.               

There is a correlation between Internet addiction and the components of female student’s brain-behavioral systems, including drive, searching for entertainment, behavioral activation system, behavioral inhibition system but this correlation was not significant and there is only a positive relationship with the response to reward component. No significant relationships between these components have been found among male students. The correlation between Internet addiction and sensation seeking has been significant and positive and this correlation between internet addiction and disinhibition component was significant and negative, while the correlation coefficient between Internet addiction and boredom susceptibility and experience seeking components was not significant.

According to the results, there was a direct and significant relation between Internet addiction and sensation seeking. This relationship was weaker about the role of brain behavioral systems and Internet addiction.

 The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching cognitive skills based on stress reduction on students' night homework anxiety.

The statistical population of this study included all elementary students of the second period of Khorasan Razavi province who had homework anxiety. 24 of them (experimental and control groups) were selected by purposeful method. For data collection, the problem scale of the homework for children at the ANCCO and colleagues (HPC)was used. After performing the pre-test, the intervention of cognitive skills training was presented to the experimental group in format of eight 45 minute- sessions. At the end of the intervention, two groups were evaluated in post-test phase. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data.

The results show that after controlling the pre-test, the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the two groups was significant for homework anxiety, and the mean scores of the experimental group was significantly less than the control group (0.45, ETA, P<0.05, F=17.26). The effect of this intervention on night homework anxiety is 0.45.

According to the results, it seems that the training of cognitive skills based on stress reduction is effective on students´ night homework anxiety.

 Intelligence is one of the most important individual differences among people. Spiritual intelligence, performance with insight, calmness and kindness with maintaining inner and outer peace. The purpose of this study was to compare spiritual intelligence, self-control and defense mechanisms in boy and girl students.

This is a descriptive and comparative study. The statistical society of the present study included all students in the second grade secondary school of Kermanshah in the academic year of 2015-2016. Using a randomized cluster sampling, 360 subjects (180 boys and 180 girls) were selected as sample volume. Questionnaires of spiritual intelligence, self-control questionnaire and defense mechanism were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and SPSS software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference in spiritual intelligence between the two genders in the spiritual life component. There is also a significant difference between self-control and prohibition of self-control between the two groups. There is a significant difference in defense mechanisms between the two groups in terms of reversal, replication, rejection and displacement (P<0.05).

It seems that there are significant differences between boy and girl students in self-control, spiritual intelligence and defense mechanisms.

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between emotional intelligence, marital satisfaction and quality of life and examine the role of emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction in quality of life for women.

The current study was a descriptive-analytic research and of a correlational type, which was carried out using the structural equation modeling technique. In this study, 248 married women working at the elementary level of Education ‎in Sabzevar city during the 2016 school year were selected through simple random sampling and were evaluated using Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), Hudson Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). To examine the relationship between variables and to evaluate model fit, partial least squares approach was used in SmartPLS-2‎ software.

The research findings indicated that emotional intelligence is effective in marital satisfaction with beta coefficient of 0.285 (t=4.793) and in quality of life with beta coefficient of 0.545 (t=15.563). The impact of marital satisfaction on quality of life with beta coefficient of 0.373 (t=9.240) was also approved. Further, the structural model designed based on the relationships between emotional intelligence, marital satisfaction and quality of life could cover 55% of the factors affecting the quality of life.

Emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction are among the effective factors in quality of life for women.

Impulsivity, especially in smoker’s students, is one of the psychological factors for future high-risk behaviors. This study was performed to compare impulsivity and personality characteristics of smokers and non-smokers male students of Razi University.

The study was causal-comparative. The study population consists of all Razi University male students live in a dormitory that Studying in the second semester of the academic year 2015-2016.For sample selection, the accessible sampling was performed and a sample of 600 was selected and 400 of students as smokers and 200 were considered as non-smokers. Informed consent was received from participants for the research, The proposal and thesis in the Department of Psychology of Razi University of Kermanshah have been approved. for data collection Cloninger Personality Inventory (TCI), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), modified Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (mFTQ) and Balloon Analogue Risk (BART) was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22, using descriptive statistics and Discriminant analysis test.

Results showed that Smokers with high and low dependency and non-smokers in components of motor impulsivity and reward dependence, As well as in the indecision and novelty seeking are significantly different at P < 0.05.  

Therefore through factors such as motor Impulsivity, reward dependence, indecision and novelty seeking can discriminate among low and high dependence smokers and non-smokers.

Regarding to the increasing rate of women’s social cooperation, the importance of their mental health and life satisfaction and women’s crucial role in the establishment of healthy family and society, the present research aimed to compare mental health and life satisfaction among employed and unemployed women.

In this descriptive study, 120 employed women in governmental offices and 120 unemployed women were selected through random cluster sampling. 24 of them (experimental and control groups) were selected by purposeful method. For data collection, General Health Questionnaire-28 and Diener’s Life Satisfaction Inventory were used. Data analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS software.

The results showed that employed women had higher scores in life satisfaction and general health questionnaires compared to unemployed women (P<0.05).  

It seems that employee has a positive impact on life satisfaction and mental health of women so providing for women’s social cooperation and entrepreneurship in congruence with women’s status and dignity and facilitation of interaction between working and family life are recommended.