Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care
Volume:5 Issue: 2, Spring 2019

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are among the most prevalent infectious diseases in young people. The present study assessed the knowledge of STDs among college students. 

This cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted on 345 undergraduate students at a large public university in the United States. The students were recruited by convenience sampling method. The Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire (STD-KQ) was applied in the survey. The study participants responded to the survey anonymously through the Qualtrics online portal. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to examine the knowledge levels of the STDs in young adults. Independent Samples t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the correlation between the knowledge level and demographic data of the subjects. Moreover, SPSS was used for data analysis.

In total, 345 undergraduate students aged 18-22 years participated in the present study. Among them, 196 (56.8%) were male. The samples’ Mean±SD score of STD knowledge was 15.66±5.84 (out of 27 points in total). The study participants who previously received sexual education courses achieved higher knowledge scores, compared to the others.

The study results revealed a lack of STD knowledge in young adults. There is a need for conducting educational programs among college students to improve their understanding of STDs etiology and prevention.

Unethical behavior among nurses is gradually becoming a severe problem in the health sector of Nigeria, and this calls for urgent concern. However, it may be associated with issues inside healthcare organizations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between role ambiguity, organizational justice, and unethical behavior among nurses. 

This was a cross-sectional study. In total, 300 participants were selected from Lagos State Teaching Hospital (LUTH) in Lagos metropolis using a convenience random sampling method. A structured questionnaire consisting of demographics and Unethical Behavior Scale (UBS), Role Ambiguity Scale (RAS), and Organizational Justice Scale (OJS) was used to collect the required data. Multiple regression model was used to analyze the obtained data in SPSS. 

Among the subjects, 71.9% were females, and 28.1% were 99 males. Their age ranged from 24 to 57 years Mean±SD: 31.66±3.13. There was an independent relationship between role ambiguity and unethical behavior (β=0.229; t=3.157; P<0.05). Additionally, there was an independent relationship between organizational justice and unethical behavior (β=-0.317; t= -2.182; P<0.05). 

Role ambiguity and organizational justice predicted unethical behavior. Therefore, the authorities and hospital managers of Nigeria should design an intervention program tailored for resolving role ambiguity and improving organizational justice. This will help to reduce the menace of unethical behavior among these nurses.

Health literacy, as a vital indicator of healthcare costs, plays an important role in facilitating effective health communication strategies. Screening is one of these strategies; thus, intervention and management can be provided ahead of schedule. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and men’s practices and attitude toward prostate cancer screening.

This was a descriptive correlational study. The sample consisted of 300 men aged over 40 years, living in the western area of Tehran City, Iran. The samples were recruited by convenience sampling method in the public places of the city. The required data were collected by Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA), and Prostate Cancer Screening questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS. 

The obtained results suggested that the Mean±SD score of health literacy score was at an adequate level 84.61±5.95; 82.7% had a positive attitude, and 70.3% failed to undergo prostate cancer screening. Health literacy was positively correlated with attitude and practice (P<0.001). Moreover, marital status (standard coefficient =-0.709) had the strongest association with health literacy. Additionally, occupational status (employed) (standard coefficient =0.551) and unemployed (standard coefficient =0.556) had the highest association with attitude. Eventually, marital status had the strongest relationship with practice (P<0.001).

Despite adequate health literacy and positive attitudes of men toward prostate cancer screening, their screening performance was poor. According to the obtained results, proper training of healthcare providers along with suitable training programs by national media, is required. The development of simple and understandable health education programs for prostate cancer screening is also recommended.

Leukemia is among the major causes of mortality and disability and the seventh most prevalent cancer worldwide. It has various effects on the biopsychosocial, reproductive, and economic performance of individuals. This study compared the Quality of Life (QoL) of hospitalized patients with different leukemia. 

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. In total, 100 adolescent patients with leukemia hospitalized in Ayatollah Khansari Hospital in Arak City, Iran, were selected by purposive sampling method. The samples were evaluated for six months in 2018. The required data were collected by EORTC-QLQ-C30 Quality of Life questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics (Mean±SD and frequency) and Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and t-test in SPSS. P≤0.5 was considered as significant. 

The overall QoL Mean±SD score was 62.2±12.59, which was at a relatively appropriate level. The Mean±SD scores of life quality were 60.10±14.31 for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 59.51±12.83 for acute lymphocytic leukemia, 66.61±10.94 for chronic myeloid leukemia, and 62.84±6.33 for acute myeloid leukemia. There were significant differences between the total QoL and its dimensions in different leukemia types (P<0.05). There was also a significant relationship between age, residency, and marital status of the patients, and their total QoL (P<0.05).

Patients with myeloid leukemia had a better QoL, compared to those with lymphocytic leukemia. The patients had better performance in the physical area and weaker performance in social domain. The knowledge of nurses and other healthcare members about these findings could be used to promote care and improve the QoL of patients with different leukemia types.

Leukemia is the most prevalent cancer in childhood. Mothers are closer to these children than anyone else and play a vital role in caring for them; therefore, studying their life quality is necessary. This study aimed to determine the life quality of mothers of children with leukemia and its related factors. 

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. A total of 150 mothers of children with leukemia referring to the blood clinic and hematologic ward of Tabriz Children’s Hospital were recruited. The samples were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected by the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL_BREF) and analyzed by t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient in SPSS.

The Mean±SD score of the mothers’ total quality of life was 68.28±19.77. The educational level and occupational status of the mothers and their age were significantly associated with their life quality (P<0.05). Additionally, there were significant relationships between the mothers’ quality of life and parents’ income, family collaboration, satisfaction with their social status, and satisfaction with marital life (P=0001).

Mothers of children with leukemia have a low quality of life, and some of their socio-demographic factors could have a significant effect on their life quality. Therefore, it is suggested that nurse managers introduce vulnerable families to support organizations through appropriate planning. It is also suggested that authorities, by adopting appropriate policies, increase the general knowledge on marital affairs.

Recent trends have led many organizations to use strategic planning for designing and implementing Total Quality Management (TQM) as a fundamental necessity. This study investigated the role of TQM in the quality maturity of hospitals from the employees’ point of view. 

A cross-sectional study was conducted among the senior managers and officials of three Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS) training hospital wards, including supervisors, matrons, and all hospital committee members. All the managers who were willing to participate and met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Two questionnaires, including TQM Assessment and Quality Maturity of Hospital Services were used. Statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS through multivariable regression modeling. 

The obtained results affirmed a significant effect of TQM on the quality improvement of hospital services; a unit of increase in the mentioned variable resulted in 0.63 unit of change in quality maturity (P<0.05). Furthermore, among the different aspects of the quality management system, the most significant impact on quality maturity belonged to having a system-wide approach toward management (β=0.342).

To improve the quality of hospital services, it is necessary to promote managers and employees’ commitment toward the necessity of effectively implementing quality improvement programs. Establishing a process management approach, developing a culture of continuous improvement, adopting a systematic approach to control managerial issues, and encouraging employees to participate in quality improvement goals are necessary in this regard.

Parents play a vital role in the assessment and management of pain. There is limited knowledge about parental viewpoint or their participation in the pain management of the neonates admitted to the intensive care units. The present study aimed to assess the viewpoints of mothers about the pain management of neonates/ infants admitted to Tabriz hospitals.

It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 255 mothers whose infants had been admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) were recruited by convenience sampling method from September 2016 to August 2017. The required data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and PAIN questionnaire-Neonatal Intensive Care. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS.

The Mean±SD age of the mothers was 28.38±6.10 years, and the majority of them (39%) had diploma. Among the mothers, 73% believed that their infants had experienced pain during admission to NICU. However, only 19% of the mothers stated that nurses tried to find the signs of pain in their infants; the majority of mothers (80%) indicated that to some extent, they were satisfied with the information they received from the treatment team regarding pain control for their newborns.

Despite the prevalence of pain phenomenon in neonates, mothers’ education for the symptoms of pain in their infants was inadequate. It seems that the mothers’ participation in the pain management of their newborns makes them more capable of caring after discharge from the hospital. The study makes important findings available for future research.

Social health is a crucial health aspect. Nurses are among the most important healthcare providers, and their quality of life bares great importance for providing quality healthcare. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the relationship between social health and quality of life nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS).

In this descriptive correlational study, 227 nurses were selected by cluster random sampling method from five hospitals affiliated to IUMS. The research instruments consisted of demographic information form, Keys Social Health questionnaire, and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive tests (frequency, Mean±SD), as well as  Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Independent Samples t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regressions in SPSS.

The Mean±SD score of nurses’ social health was 67.22±8.96 with the lowest score in social solidarity (9.16±2.34) and the highest score in social participation (18.58±2.52). The Mean±SD score of nurses’ quality of life was 64.62±18.6. The lowest score related to energy and fatigue (59.09±18.49), and the highest one was associated with the physical function (79.55±21.83). The collected results suggested a significant association between the quality of life and all aspects of social health (P<0.05). There was no significant relationship between social health and the demographic characteristics of the studied nurses (P>0.05). There was a significant relationship between the quality of life and age (P=0.046), work experience (P=0.03), marital status (P=0.024), and income (P=0.041). 

The studied nurses’ quality of life was associated with their social health; thus, it is suggested that the relevant managers and policymakers take serious steps to improve this group’s quality of life and social health if interested in the quality of patient care.