فهرست مطالب

Frontiers in Health Informatics
Volume:8 Issue: 1, 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1398/09/19
  • تعداد عناوین: 25
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  • Mojtaba Kafashi*, Mohtaram Nematollahi Page 1
    Introduction

    The evaluation of information systems by health care professionals is one of the key factors for improving the acceptability and usability of systems. Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is the support for more accurate diagnosis in the medical field. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the factors affecting the continuance of this system in teaching hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

    Material and Methods

    This is a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study conducted in 2014. The sample consisted of 200 PACS users (general practitioners, residents, specialists and radiologists) in Faghihi and Nemazee hospitals of Shiraz. They were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. To confirm the reliability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (84%) was used and 5 experts from health information management were used to confirm the validity of the questionnaire. The results of the present study were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression tests) using SPSS 22 software.

    Results

    The study showed that in selected hospitals according to the model, the highest correlation was found between the relationship between expectation confirmation of and satisfaction (r=0.682; R2=0.465) and the least correlation was related to the relationship between the expectation confirmation and the compatibility (r=0.347; R2=0.120). Also, there was a significant relationship between the level of education of users and the continuance intention to use the PACS system (P=0.008). Radiologists have the highest tendency to continue using the PACS system and the least-favored were specialists.

    Conclusion

    The results of the research indicate that for continued use of information systems by users and increase their satisfaction and the success of systems, consideration of users' expectations, requirements and technical requirements of systems to fit the system with the tasks of users before implementing information systems is necessary and inevitable.

    Keywords: Picture Archiving, Communication System (PACS), Continued Use, Satisfaction
  • mehdi lotfi, Hossein kheiri*, Azizeh Jabbari Page 2
    Introduction

    In this paper, an encryption algorithm for the security of medical images is presented, which has extraordinary security. Given that the confidentiality of patient data is one of the priorities of medical informatics, the algorithm can be used to store and send medical image.

    Material and Methods

    In this paper, the solutions of chaotic differential equations are used to generate encryption keys. This method is more than other methods used in encoding medical images, resistant to statistics attacks, low encryption and decryption time and very high key space. In the proposed algorithm, unlike other methods that use random key generation, this method uses the production of solutions of the chaotic differential equations in a given time period for generating a key. All simulations and coding are done in MATLAB software.

    Results

    Chaotic Differential Equations have two very important features that make it possible to encode medical images. One is the unpredictability of the system's behavior and the other is a severe sensitivity to the initial condition.

    Conclusion

    These two features make the method resistant to possible attacks to decode the concept of synchronization chaotic systems. Using the results of the method, medical information can be made safer than existing ones.

    Keywords: Encoding, Medical Images, Medical Data Security, Chaos, Synchronization
  • Homeira Moghadami*, Mahmood Kharrat Page 3
    Introduction

    The World Health Organization's theme "Health for All" in 2018 is aimed at achieving all countries' sustainable development goals and moving to development priorities, Equity and social coherence. Achievement of these goals is associated with challenges such as resource scarcity, changing priorities, continuing demands from the community, and economic crises. The use of Internet technologies as one of the most important trends in the quality of services and the effectiveness of the health system is a solution to the above challenges. After the first generation of the Internet, refers to Internet of Digital (IoD), and the second one, Internet of things (IoT) that have extensively influenced various aspects of human life such as education, energy, health, transport, a new interpretation as the third generation Internet is the Internet of Humans (IoH), which is a form of co-existence of humans and IoT devices. In this way, the Internet will not only be used as a practical tool, it will be part of us. The logic of this type of Internet, with its connectivity and the interconnection of all stakeholders, is the human-centric approach and leads to serve without harmful constraints to the people and society. In this generation, the Internet is used for important targeting and solving the world's greatest challenges.

    Material and Methods

    In this paper, a framework for the Internet of Humans (IOH) will be presented, which will take a great look at the health field, particularly in terms of the of new business models. As developing the IoH and the new health-related business models based on this technology, various concerns about provide an integrated framework for this issue have emerged, which has led to the emergence of extensive research in the world, particularly in the European Union.

    Results

    Within the proposed framework, the key enablers (such as IoT, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, etc.) with key controllers (such as security, privacy, investment, etc.) creates new e- health business models. The most important result presented in this framework is the consideration of human factors in the development of new business models from the beginning of the business development process.

    Conclusion

    The proposed framework, considering human factors in the development of business models, will lead to the possibility of offering new products and services, different industries, changing the value of the industries, changing the identity of the focus point. It also makes it possible to define a new role or value for data, processes, and infrastructures, and ultimately to differentiate how health services are performed.

    Keywords: IoH, Frame work, Business Model
  • Elham Nazari*, Somaye Nazari Page 4
    Introduction

    Number of diabetic patients are increasing. If the blood glucose not controlled in diabetics, patients will face with complications. Self-care is important to control the blood glucose of diabetic patients and prevention of complications such as neurological complications, heart, eye disease, amputations and so on. Therefore the aim of this study is to identify the effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) on the blood glucose control in type I diabetes.

    Material and Methods

    The study was done on 20 patients chosen from an online data set available in http://www.jaeb-diabetes.net/ . These patients used CGM to test blood glucose and the result of three month test was measured. To analyze the data, the software SPSS 21, independent Mann- Whitney test was used.

    Results

    The results showed that blood glucose in patients of the experimental group reduced significantly rather than patient of the control group in the second and third month. Also, HbA1C of the patients has reduced.

    Conclusion

    The CGM has an effective role in controlling blood glucose and prevention of complications. Therefore it is recommended that educational programs on the use of monitoring blood glucose, such as CGM as a requirement to be developed.

    Keywords: Self-care_Type I diabetes_Continuous Glucose Monitoring
  • Mohammad Javad Sayadi*, Juan Sebastián Rodríguez Páez Page 5
    Introduction

    The evolving mobile networks are envisioned to have a flexible and reliable network to meet all design requirements needed for the fifth generation (5G) of networks. The cloud radio access network, as an evolution in mobile networks, changes the traditional architecture of the network by moving the BBUs to the central office. This comes with new challenges that are addressed by new technologies like Radio over Fiber and now Radio over Ethernet, which proposes a technique to transmit all radio data types over a traditional Ethernet based front-haul network. In this paper, we focus on the architecture and the design considerations of Radio-over-Ethernet to have a more flexible and reliable front-haul network in Centralized Radio Access Network.

    Material and Methods

    In this paper we tried to use Ethernet protocol as a universal and public network protocol in radio based networks to make it flexible and reliable. This combination allows us to focus only on the access points and propose a new architecture to encapsulation (retrieve) radio data into (from) an Ethernet frame.

    Results

    This study resulted in a new architecture for radio access networks to disseminate radio data over a reliable network protocol and infrastructure. Some Ethernet header fields was modified and a mapper was included into the model in BBUs to create an adaption between radio and Ethernet infrastructures.

    Conclusion

    The result shows that although this new architecture may apply additional overhead in both information and process, but having an independent front-haul network is a necessity for Centralized Radio Access Network. However if industry implements this architecture and its processes regarding latency requirement, Radio over Ethernet will be a revolution in Centralized Radio Access Network to meet two main key design principles in 5G.

    Keywords: Radio Over Ethernet, 5G Mobile Networks, Cloud Radio Access Networks, The Mapper
  • Fatemeh Niknam, Omid Pournik, Zahra Rojhani Shirazi, Naghmeh Ebrahimi, Roxana Sharifian* Page 6
    Introduction

    Regular physical activity is effective in the treatment of low back pain. However, adherence to these exercises is difficult. Nowadays, the health care industry is using various forms of ICT to provide services to patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to survey the willingness and use of information and communication technologies among people with low back pain.

    Material and Methods

    This is an analytical study conducted in 2017. In this study, 200 samples low back pain were collected by use of convenience sampling method. The data collection tool was a checklist.

    Results

    Nighty-nine percent of the participants used mobile phones based on Android; in addition, 51% of people stated that they were familiar with the Internet. Also, people with the mean age and standard deviation of 37 ± 9 were willing to use ICT tools more compared with people with the mean age and standard deviation of 45±13; in addition, they had a high willingness to use ICT tools and low willingness to use traditional tools (p<0.001).

    Conclusion

    In general, the results showed that a large number of people with low back pain were willing to use ICT tools to receive care services (like exercise therapy). The majority of people with low back pain used social networks and they had smart phones based on the Android whose services were used widely. So the technologies such as smartphones, laptops, social networks and internet services could be used for e-learning.

    Keywords: Willingness, Low Back Pain, Technology, Communication, Information
  • Maryam Gholami, Shahla Damanabi*, Peyman Rezaei Hachesu, Fatemeh Sadeghi Ghyassi Page 7
    Introduction
    Introduction

    Nurses are one of the largest providers of health and treatment services in the healthcare setting. A well-designed information system is one of the necessities for nurses.For this purpose, a proper evaluation of available systems is needed. The aim of this study to evaluate nurses’ perspectives on nursing information systems in hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

    Material and Methods

    This is a cross-sectional study. Two hundred and seventy-five nurses participated in this study. The evaluation instrument was HIS-monitor and 41 specific questions that were related to nurses in four criteria were selected. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the instrument was calculated by Cronbach Alpha (α =0.88). Data were analyzed by SPSS Statistics version 16 using descriptive and analytic statistics.

    Results

    50.8% stated that the studied NIS supports nursing admission process well or very well and 47.7% believed that these NISs improve access to patient-related information and documentation of nursing care (48.1%). 25% evaluated the function of NIS in the nursing care plan poor or very poor.

    Conclusion

    According to the results, the status of nursing information systems is approximately acceptable and more attention is needed in designing and manufacturing hospital software.

    Keywords: Hospital Information Systems, Computer Systems, Nurses
  • Jeremias Ivan, Rizky Nurdiansyah*, Arli A. Parikesit Page 8
    Introduction

    Dementia is a common medical condition of older people which is marked by the decline of multiple cognitive abilities, such as memory and communication. Currently, there is no effective treatment for curing dementia, making prevention the most priority to this disease. Previous studies showed that cognitive ability training, such as mathematical problem solving, has a potential to slow down cognitive decline. The aim of this project is to create a simple yet interactive mathematical quiz as a way to train one’ cognitive ability and reduce the risk of getting dementia.

    Material and Methods

    The quiz was created by using tkinter module and its built-in functions in Python programming language.

    Results

    The result showed that the quiz was simple but involved an active role of the user to input the answer. It also did not have certain time limit, preventing the user to feel rushed or burdened in doing the quiz. In addition, three different types of difficulty were provided to give a challenging atmosphere to the game.

    Conclusion

    As a conclusion, this quiz provides a simple way for people to regularly train their cognitive skill, so the risk of getting dementia, especially in elderly stage, can be reduced.

    Keywords: Dementia, Prevention, Python, Tkinter
  • Fateme Sepehri, Mostafa Langarizadeh, Laleh Sharifi, Gholamreza Azizi, Reza Safdari, Asghar Aghamohammadi* Page 9
    Introduction

    Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) are generally rare genetic disorders affecting the immune system. Overlapping PIDs symptoms and signs is a challenge to diagnosis and treatment. On the other hand, remembering of all diagnosis criteria is difficult for practitioners. The purpose of this research is developing guideline-based clinical decision support system for diagnosis of primary immune deficiency diseases, to assist practitioner in order to diagnose of disease in early stage and to minimize complications of such diseases.

    Material and Methods

    To provide data a checklist was used and most important demographic information, symptoms, family history, physical findings and laboratory findings to diagnose eight common PIDs extracted from guidelines and literature under specialists opinion. The diagnosis inference model design and develop in Protégé (version 3.4.8) frame based ontology modeling using "Noy and McGuinness" method. Then the mobile based inference model in Eclipse (SDK version 3.7.1) software has been developed and clinical decision support system of primary immunodeficiency has been created.

    Results

    To design the diagnosis inference model in Protégé software, data were classified in 5 main classes and 24 subclasses as hierarchical. Then, specific properties of each class, and determine the value of each property. Then define Instances of each class and initialized instance properties. Then use this model to develop CDSS based on mobile in Eclipse software. At the end, the inference model and the CDSS test with 110 patient’s record data and both of them recognized all 110 patient correctly such as specialist recognition.

    Conclusion

    Guideline-based decision support systems help to detect diseases correctly, quickly and early. Guideline-based decision support systems are very reliable to practitioner, because guidelines are accepted to their. These systems reduce the forget probability of diagnosis stages and percentage error of diagnosis by practitioner and increase the accuracy of diagnosis.

    Keywords: Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (PID), Inference Model, Protégé, Frame-Based Ontology, Guideline-Based Clinical Decision Support System
  • Leila R Kalankesh_Ehsan Mohammadian_Mahdi Ghalandari_Abbas Delpasand_Hossain Aghayari* Page 10
    Introduction

    Understanding the information seeking behavior of individuals, especially students who are more likely to seek health information than other people, can be seen as an opportunity to provide resources to improve lifestyle or prevent possible health threatening behaviors among students. The main objective of this research is to determine the HISB among students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TUOMS).

    Material and Methods

    This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at TUOMS among students in 2017 through using simple random sampling method.

    Results

    The results showed that most of the students had experience of searching information about prevention of illness (47.8%) and general health knowledge (45.1%). The common outcomes of accessing health information by students were their decision to visit the physician (68.2%) and relieving their concern about their condition or illness (60.2%).

    Conclusion

    The results of this study indicate that most students are searching for information on diet, physical activity and physical health.

    Keywords: Health Information, Information Seeking Behavior, Health Information Seeking Behavior, Iran
  • Mostafa Langarizadeh*, Mahmud rozi Page 11
    Introduction

    Thresholding is one of the most important parts of segmentation whenever we want to detect a specific part of image. There are several thresholding methods that previous researchers used them frequently as bi-level techniques such as DBT or multilevel such as 3S. New histogram feature thresholding method is implemented to detect lesion area in digital mammograms and compared with 3S (Shrinking-Search-Space) multi-thresholding and FCM method in terms of segmentation quality and segmentation time as a benchmark in thresholding.

    Material and Methods

    These algorithms have been tested on 188 digital mammograms. Digital mammogram image used after preprocessing which was including crop the unnecessary area, resize the image into 1024 by 1024 pixel and then normalize pixel values by using simple contrast stretching method.

    Results

    The results show that suggested method results are not similar with 3S and FCM methods, and it is faster than other methods. This is another superiority of suggested method with respect to others. Results of previous studies showed that FCM is not a reliable clustering algorithm and it needs several run to give us a reliable result. Results of this study also showed that this approach is correct.

    Conclusion

    The suggested method may use as a reliable thresholding method in order to detection of lesion area

    Keywords: FCM, Image Processing, Segmentation, Thresholding
  • Azar Kazemi, Hosna Salmani*, Alireza Shakibafard, Farhad Fatehi Page 12
    Introduction

    The popularity of mobile phone applications (Apps) and wearable devices for medical and health purposes is on the rise, but not all the mobile health (mHealth) innovative solutions that hit the news every day will sustain and have an impact on the health of people. The aim of this news-based horizon scanning study was to explore and identify new and emerging mobile technologies that are likely to impact the future of health and medical care.

    Material and Methods

    We conducted a systematic search on top ranking technology websites, according to Alexa Ranking, to identify health-related mobile-based technologies. We followed the EuroScan guide for horizon scanning, which recommends four steps: identification, filtering, prioritization, evaluation and conclusion. Technologies of interest were mHealth technologies regardless of their maturity level. The impact of technologies was assessed and scored in four areas: user, technology, safety, and cost.

    Results

    Five hundred news articles were identified through the electronic search. After screening, 106 mHealth innovative technologies were included in this study. We categorized the included technologies into three groups: mobile apps (n=37), smart-connected devices (n=19), and wearables (n=50). mHealth technologies were most frequently developed for preventive health services, mental health services and rehabilitation services. There was no remarkable difference between the technology groups in terms of safety and adverse effects, but the groups were significantly different in terms of the target population, technology, and cost.

    Conclusion

    An increasing number of solutions based on mobile technology is being developed by both public and private sectors but a low proportion of them undergo proper scientific evaluations. Despite the commercial availability of many innovative mobile apps, wearables, and smart connected devices, few of them have been actually used in clinics, hospitals, and health centers. There is a clear need for changes in healthcare service models to unlock the full potential of these innovative technologies.

    Keywords: mHealth, Innovation, Horizon Scanning, Health, Technolog
  • Fateme Moghbeli, Tina AdelMostafa Langarizadeh*, Mitra Hakim Shoushtari Page 13
    Introduction

    The personal health record of patient with autism has not been adequately addressed. While, these records play an important role to provide a good perspective on how to diagnose autism, negotiating, coordinating and designing services and interventions by families and physicians during delivery of multiple services. The present study is aimed to present a conceptual model of electronic personal health record for patients with autism.

    Material and Methods

    This study was conducted on six psychiatric practitioners and six pediatricians from Rasoul Akram Hospital and Ali Asghar Hospital with purposeful sampling. A questionnaire has been used for data gathering and identifying information needs. The content validity was measured using expert panel method and test-retest method (r=0.79) was used to perform the reliability. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 23 software. In the design phase, graphs were plotted using Visio software.

    Results

    According to the findings, the most important data elements of the conceptual model of the personal health record for patients with autism from the viewpoint of physicians are divided into demographic data segments, clinical data and individual function level (based on valid clinical scales) such as general clinical measure (by the physician, types of interventions, prenatal or near-births, registration of symptoms of parental impairment, examination of the course and prognosis based on the Gylliam Autism Rating Scale every six months by a psychologist and other psychiatric diagnoses.

    Conclusion

    Since autism patients’ long life clinical information plays an important role in diagnosis and management of patients' clinical problems, the conceptual model of personal health record for patients with autism could have a significant effect in managing and integrating patient clinical information, increasing the quality of care, and reducing the cost.

    Keywords: Personal Health Record, Autism, Conceptual Model, Unified Modeling Language
  • Zahra Karbasi, Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy*, Leila Ahmadian, Reza Khajouei, Moghaddameh Mirzaee Page 14
    Introduction

    Speech recognition (SR) technology has been existing for more than two decades. But, it has been rarely used in health care institutions and not applied uniformly in all the clinical domains. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of speech recognition system in four different situations in the real environment of health services. We also report physicians' experience of using speech recognition technology.

    Material and Methods

    To do this study, NEVISA SR software professional v.3 was installed on the computers of expert physicians. The pre-designated medical report was tested by the physicians in four different modes including slow expression in a silent environment, slow expression in crowded environments, rapid expression in a silent environment and rapid expression in a busy environment. After using the speech recognition software by 15 physicians in hospitals, a designed questionnaire was distributed among them.

    Results

    The results showed that the highest average accuracy of speech recognition software was in the silent environment by slow expression and the minimum average accuracy was in the busy environment by rapid expression. Of all the participants in the study, 53.3% of the physicians believed that the use of speech recognition system promoted the workflow.

    Conclusion

    We found that software accuracy was generally higher than the expectation and its use required to upgrade the system and its operation. In order to achieve the highest level of recognition rate and error reduction by speech recognition, influential factors such as environmental noise, type of software or hardware, training and experience of participants can be also considered.

    Keywords: Speech Recognition, Physicians, Accuracy, Software
  • Fatemeh Rangraz Jeddi, Fatemeh Atoof, Raziye Farrahi, Sara Chopannejad* Page 15
    Introduction

    Medical tourism is the most important aspect of health tourism. The responsibilities of this industry are mostly undertaken by agencies and facilitators acting as intermediaries between patients and service providers. As a key factor, websites provide extensive services to patients for a better presence in medical tourism market. The present study aimed to compare medical tourism websites and facilitators in Iran and other countries using correspondence analysis.

    Material and Methods

    Websites were selected based on the specified criteria such as content of websites which were examined using content analysis technique. The data belonging to website content were classified into two groups including medical and tourism services and information and communication issues. Correspondence analysis was done using two R packages (FactoMineR for analysis and fact extra for data visualization).

    Results

    Of 42 selected websites, 19 was belonged to Iran, 11 to North America, 7 to South and Central America, and 5 to Asia. Medical tourism facilitators in North America and Asia tend to provide modern contact and legal information. Against Iranians' facilitators tend to show traditional contact and general information. South American websites provide more information about hospital accreditation. Iranian websites emphasized tourism-related information. Whereas, North American’s are emphasized on cost-comparison lists.

    Conclusion

    Results of the present study provide a snapshot of status of data provided on websites in terms of medical, tourist and communication services available in the studied websites and clearly showed that Iranian medical tourism facilitator websites act differently from those of other countries. Websites play important roles for guiding customers to make decisions regarding the medical journey. Therefore, Iranian medical tourism facilitator websites must reduce their differences with those of other countries in order to be more actively participate and earn more profit in this competitive market

    Keywords: Correspondence Analysis, Data Visualization, Medical Tourism, Facilitator Websites
  • Fateme Moghbeli, Mostafa Langarizadeh, Yashil Ahadi Moghadam, Susan Hasanpour Heidari* Page 16
    Introduction

    Worldwide, people living in rural and remote area with the lack of access to medical care are vulnerable. Despite of improvement in dentistry, dental caries is still one of the prevalent problems among people. By using tele-dentistry and transforming electronic patient information, dental services can be delivered specially in remote area so leads to improve public dental health.

    Methods

    This is an applied development study and 24 dentists and dental radiologists were participated in this survey. The questionnaire was filled out by participant to obtain information about requirement for designing the conceptual model for tele-consultation system for dental problems. Collected data was analyzed by descriptive statics with SPSS version 22 software.

    Results

    According to results patient name and last name, gender, emergency level, sign of the problem, patient history in patient demographic and clinical information section and in system capabilities section, dedicate the space for dentist to diagnosis and the space for seeing diagnosis report by patient was the 100 percent requirement considered. After requirement analysis conceptual model as use case diagram was designed.

    Conclusion

    According to results, using tele-dentistry can improve relationship between specialists and patients without considering the distance and eventually improve public oral health in society.

    Keywords: Telemedicine, Tele-dentistry, Conceptual design
  • Nasim Saboorizadeh*, Mohammad Firoozabadi, Niloofar Mohammadzadeh Page 17
    Introduction

    Many diseases require constant monitoring todays, and online communication with patients for timely intervention is necessary. In this study, based on the results of these studies, we investigated the factors affecting telemedicine admission in Parkinson's patients.

    Material and methods

    This research was a descriptive survey. The tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire that was based on library and internet studies in valid databases such as Medline, Science direct (Elsevier), and searching for original research articles between 2000 and 2017. To search for keywords in the design of a telemedicine software, Parkinson's disease, Technology Acceptance Model in English-language databases.
    The questions were designed with the Likert spectrum. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by the opinions of five experts. Content validity index was measured and item with CVI score higher than 0.79 was considered appropriate. Reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha. Statistical sample was determined using sample size determination method in two cities of Tehran and Shiraz. In this study, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. SPSS software version 16 was used for data analysis. The final data analysis was done by modeling in Smart PLS version 3 software

    Results

    For each t-statistic, the path between the two variables was examined, and the statistics whose magnitude was greater than 1.96, at a confidence level of 95%, considering the same path that represents the strength and power of the effect between the two variables, the research hypotheses were statistically and in sample. Examined. Of the 19 hypotheses considered for the adoption of the research technology model, 16 were accepted.

    Conclusion

    Ease of use is one of the most influential factors on attitudes in Parkinson's patients in Iran. Technology anxiety is one of the most important factor that reduce the acceptance of portable smart systems. The Parkinson's patient user does not recognize recreation as a useful system, but the inclusion of educational content to promote health in the program will make Parkinson's patients more welcomed. If the software is prescribed by the therapist, its acceptance rate in Parkinson's patients will increase.

    Keywords: Parkinson's Disease, Technology Acceptance Model, Telemedicine Software
  • Hadiseh Hosseini, Amid Khatibi Bardsiri* Page 18
    Introduction

    Nowadays, medical sciences and physicians face a huge amount of data. Diabetes is one of the most expensive glands in the world. Since it is not always easy to diagnose the disease, the physician should examine the outcome of patient tests and decisions made in the past for patients with similar conditions to make an appropriate decision. Due to the large number of patients and the multiple tests performed on each patient, an automated tool for exploring previous patients is needed.

    Materials and Methods

    One of the most important methods used to derive data is data mining. Due to the high number of diabetic patients, timely diagnosis and treatment of this disease can reduce the risk of death and its associated medical costs. So far, different systems have been proposed for the diagnosis and prediction of diabetes, but fuzzy logic based systems are used in this study to increase accuracy and efficiency. In the proposed model, fuzzy clustering is first grouped into separate clusters, and then the radial neural network is predicted for each patient with diabetes mellitus. A compatible neuro-fuzzy inference system has also been used to diagnose diabetes.

    Results

    In this paper different classification techniques have been used in MATLAB software to diagnose diabetes mellitus and to classify patients as diabetic and non diabetic. The dataset used is extracted from the UCI database. The accuracy of the proposed method is 97.14% which is significantly higher than other models of diabetes diagnosis.

    Conclusion

    The application of two fuzzy models has significantly improved the accuracy of diagnosis of diabetes compared to other models proposed in this field.

    Keywords: Radial Basis Function Network, Fuzzy Clustering, Diabetes, Data Mining, ANFIS
  • Majid Jangi, Fateme Moghbeli*, Mahya Gaffari, Alireza Vahedinemani Page 19
    Introduction

    Semantic Process Mining is the extension field of process mining that is based on getting knowledge of conceptual event logs (based on ontologies) for analyzing frequent and rare processes. In the healthcare studies, semantic process mining has been used in different hospitals in order to improve processes.

    Material and Methods

    A review of the usages of semantic process mining in hospitals is done. This review contains 65 articles from PubMed, dblp and Google scholar. It is searched from 2000 to 2017. One of them was duplicated and finally, we received 64 articles. Data were extracted according to PRISMA guidelines.

    Results

    Out of 64 articles, 6 of them were related with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of them detect business process mining. In 80% of studies, the semantic process mining was useful and effective to improve hospital processes and improve its management.

    Conclusion

    This review can show an overview the application of process mining in hospitals. It can help researchers to compare semantic process mining with other methods for improving processes in hospitals and finally, it shows the use of semantic process mining to enhance hospitals processes.

    Keywords: Process Mining, Semantic, Healthcare, Hospital, Ontology
  • Mahnaz Samadbeik, Fatemeh Kalhori, Abaas Harati, Ali Garavand* Page 20
    Introduction

    Email is a beneficial way in order to increase interaction between patients and physicians. Since using this technology, patients and different physicians are able to increase patients’ health level and the amount of physicians’ duties. This study was done to identify the applications of email in communications between patients and physicians.

    Material and Methods

    The current study is a systematized review conducted in 2019. The literature search done by the relevant keywords to the subject in databases: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct and Cochran. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria 34 articles were included. Based on the study’s aim, results were summarized and reported by Content Analysis Technique.

    Results

    The results showed that 15 articles (44%) using email technology to investigate laboratory’s resources. Utilizing email in 9 articles (26%) showed that it caused an improvement in healthcare quality.

    Conclusion

    Results showed that use of email’s capabilities has a key role in improving healthcare quality as well as time saving. So, we suggest that the authorities deploy certain and codified mechanism in order to utilizing email communication between patients and physicians.

    Keywords: Communication, email communication, patient, physician communication
  • Parnian Asgari, Elham Nazari* Page 21
    Introduction

    In the field of health, information and communication technology plays an important role, the world is experiencing the era of communication, the field of health is not asymmetrical. According to the study, Iran is one of the countries that is at high risk of diabetes, and continues to increase in Iran and in most countries. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology (ICTs) in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

    Material and Methods

    This study was conducted as a review and through a search of valid information databases such as PubMed, Science direct, and Google Scholar. After the final extraction from the 106 papers in the cellular field 37% and 36% in telemedicine and 27% in the Internet topic from 2010 to 2018, were finalized.

    Results

    The findings of the study showed that the recent developments in information technology combined with services for cost optimization have increased and the current use of information technology (IT) offers unique opportunities for patients with diabetes. Internet, mobile phone and telemedicine services can facilitate and improve communication between patients and healthcare professionals and play an important role in managing diabetes. The growing challenge is the proper management of diabetes to play an important role by employing innovative approaches aimed at improving patient outcomes and reducing the incidence of adverse healthcare systems.

    Conclusion

    This study is an overview of information and communication technology research in diabetes management and can help researchers measure the effectiveness of information and communication technology in diabetes self-care and therapeutic systems in different areas and motivate self-management. Cost reduction, technology acceptance and satisfaction.

    Keywords: Telemedicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Information Technology, Self-Management, Mobile Health Intervention, Internet Intervention, E-health
  • Elham Nazari, Mohammad Hasan Shahriari, Hamed Tabesh* Page 22
    Introduction

    Health care data is increasing. The correct analysis of such data will improve the quality of care and reduce costs. This kind of data has certain features such as high volume, variety, high-speed production, etc. It makes it impossible to analyze with ordinary hardware and software platforms. Choosing the right platform for managing this kind of data is very important.
    The purpose of this study is to introduce and compare the most popular and most widely used platform for processing Big Data, Apache Hadoop MapReduce, and the two Apache Spark and Apache Flink platforms, which have recently been featured with great prominence.

    Material and Methods

    This study is a survey whose content is based on the subject matter search of the Proquest, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, IranMedex, Irandoc, Magiran, ParsMedline and Scientific Information Database (SID) databases, as well as Web reviews, specialized books with related keywords and standard. Finally, 80 articles related to the subject of the study were reviewed.

    Results

    The findings showed that each of the studied platforms has features, such as data processing, support for different languages, processing speed, computational model, memory management, optimization, delay, error tolerance, scalability, performance, compatibility, Security and so on. Overall, the findings showed that the Apache Hadoop environment has simplicity, error detection, and scalability management based on clusters, but because its processing is based on batch processing, it works for slow complex analyzes and does not support stream processing, Apache Spark is also distributed as a computational platform that can process a Big Data set in memory with a very fast response time, the Apache Flink allows users to store data in memory and load them multiple times and provide a complex Fault Tolerance mechanism Continuously retrieves data stream status.

    Conclusion

    The application of Big Data analysis and processing platforms varies according to the needs. In other words, it can be said that each technology is complementary, each of which is applicable in a particular field and cannot be separated from one another and depending on the purpose and the expected expectation, and the platform must be selected for analysis or whether custom tools are designed on these platforms.

    Keywords: Big Data Analysis, Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, Apache Flink, Healthcare
  • Elham Nazari, Mohammad Hasan Shahriari, Hamed Tabesh* Page 23
    Introduction

    The use of healthcare frameworks and, in particular, policy makers is crucial for designing and evaluating systems. Frameworks provide the ability to measure and compare health system functions in different countries in order to make better and more meaningful decisions, to make comparisons within and between countries, identifying gaps, and sharing information. Researchers also have the ability to use the dimensions of the frameworks to measure progress over time. Due to the importance of the subject, the purpose of this study is to describe the framework concepts and the introduction of framework applications in the field of health care.

    Material and Methods

    This study is based on a search of the ProQuest, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, IranMedex, Irandoc, Magiran, ParsMedline and Scientific Information Database (SID) databases, as well as the study of specialized keyword web sites and the standard was done. After a thorough study, 50 sources were selected according to the study objectives and were used to formulate the final article.

    Results

    The framework can be used to manage health system investments, identify important research areas in the field of health, and define new and useful research.

    Conclusion

    Given the importance of the health framework, the need to provide a framework for other critical health care sectors is essential.

    Keywords: Software Engineering, Framework, Healthcare
  • Elham Nazari, Marziyeh Afkanpour, Hamed Tabesh* Page 24

    The rapid development of technology over the past 20 years has led to explosive data growth in various industries, including defense industries, healthcare. The analysis of generated Big Data has recently been addressed by many researchers, because today's Big Data analysis are one of the most important and most profitable areas of development in Data Science and companies that are able to extract valuable knowledge among the massive amount of data at logical time can earn significant advantages . Accordingly, in this survey, we investigate definition of the Big Data and the data sources. Also look at advantages, challenges, applications, analysis and platforms used in the Big Data.

    Keywords: Big Data, Data Mining, Challenge, Advantage, Application, Platform, Analysis
  • Maryam Aghazadeh, Azam Orooji*, Mehran Kamkar Haghighi Page 25
    Introduction

    Artificial intelligence (AI) research within medicine is growing rapidly. AIis poised to transform medical practice. AI has been studied in several areas of healthcare and medical practice, including diagnosing, treating and caring of patients. Warfarin is one of the most commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant. Among all anticoagulants, warfarin has long been listed among the top ten drugs causing adverse drug events. Due to narrow therapeutic range and significant side effects, warfarin dosage determination becomes a challenging task in clinical practice.The purpose of this study was to determine exact dose of warfarin needed for patients with artificial heart valve using artificial neural networks (ANN).

    Development:

     To achievethe best model, some multi-layer perceptron ANNswere constructed with different structures.The dataset used included846 patients who had been referred to the PT clinic in Tehran heart center in the second six monthsof the year 2013. Finally, the best structure of ANN forwarfarin dose was investigated and used for prediction system developments.In this paper the implementation of ANNs and proposed system in MatLab environment are described.

    Application:

     The effectiveness of ANNs were evaluated in terms of classification performance using 10fold cross-validation procedure and the results showed that the best model is a network that has 7 neurons in its hidden layer with an average absolute error of 0.1, disturbance rate of 0.33 and regression of 0.87.

    Conclusion

    Theachieved results revealthat ANN-based system is a suitable tool for warfarin dosepredictionin Iranian patients with an artificial heart valve. However, no system can be guaranteed to achieve 100% accuracy, but using such methods can reduce medical errors and thereby improve healthcare and patient safety

    Keywords: Neural Networks, Machine Learning, Warfarin Dosing