پژوهش نامه نظم و امنیت انتظامی
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 47، پاییز 1398)

One of the challenges of sporting events is to provide a safe and secured environment. The increasing popularity of sporting events and its associated features have made all those involved in the event, including spectators and athletes, more at risk. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a model for securing the matches of the Iranian Premier League.

This study is a qualitative one. The statistical population is experts (sport management professors and experts security forces). The purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation criterion in this method ended with the number of interviews (17 interviews). The sampling method in the targeted sampling technique is snowball / grid type. The data gathering tool in this study is semi-structured interview based on the paradigmatic model of foundation data theory. The thematic analysis tests were performed by Nvivo.

The findings of this study indicate that the four main theories of causal factors such as (refereeing performance, technical competence of personnel, physical inspection, safety, supervision, ticket sales, planning, evaluation) in securing the Iranian Premier League matches. , Contexts (use of new surveillance tools, attention to infrastructure, environmental exploration and protection of hazardous materials), mediators (mass media collaboration, social interactions, anchor coordination, crisis management, and fan focus) and strategy (Education, culture, understanding the complexity of security issues and law and order) are effective.

Based on the studies it is revealed that security of a football matchdoesnt due only to the law enforcement and security forces, but there are many other factors that increase security.

Vandalism behaviors including new society abrasions that its causes is social rapid changes, anomie growth and disappointment in attaining this propensity. The purpose of the present study is to study and analyze of vandalism behaviors of high school students in the rural areas of Meshkinshahr County.

The purpose of the present research is was to study and analyze vandalism behaviors of high school students in the rural areas of Meshkinshahr County. This research is developmental in respect of purpose, and descriptive analytical in respect of identity, analytical kind. The method of data collecting used to answer the research questions, analytical -explanative method was used tools in survey method were questionnaire and interview.

The findings of research show that fortification  and reinforcement of social capital, increasing of knowledge, spiritual and ethics values, reinforcement of hope rate, optimism, self-efficacy, reinforcement of upcountry and  make effort to correction  of cultural damages and reinforcement of students participation on spheres of social, political, managerial, cultural and etc. can lead to reduction of vandalism behaviors.

Finally, in order to analyze the data’s, factor analysis technique is used and the results of this model show that the most important factors to improve vandalism behaviors of high school students in studied region includes four components (social integration and extension of ethical values, pyschological empowerment and discrimination removal, reinforcment of economy happiness, social relationships, social responsibility and confidence-building) they explained variance and the cumulative variance at the range of 52.62.

The expansion of cyberspace and the use of tools such as telegram have caused many changes in the lifestyle and interactions of citizens. Given that young people are the most vulnerable group in society in this case, this research investigates the role of telegram in the formation of social deviations of the youth 20-30 year olds (Tehran city).

The research method is descriptive . survey and researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection . the results were analyzed using SPSS software. The statistical population of the study includes all youth in great Tehran who were 1356457 in 1395, 403 individuals were selected as sample using cochran formula.

The findings of the study in social deviation variable with a coefficient of 0.922 showed that 92% of changes in this variable among youth in Tehran depends on the social network of telegram. The coefficient of determination of social identity component in Tehran with 0.915, the coefficient of determination of crimes against morality and public chastity with 0.844 and coefficient of determination on the lifestyle change component with 0.779 indicates that changes in these components among Tehran's youth are highly dependent on social network telegram. That is, a large percentage of changes in these dependent variables are affected by the independent variable of the Telegram Social Network.

The use of telegram social network has also influenced the formation of social identity of youth in Tehran and because of different reasons, including inadequate management and poor culture in the use of telegrams, has caused some social deviations among young people living in Tehran

In order to play the role of order and security in the society, the police must develop targeted programs to institutionalize learning in line with the rapid environmental changes. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to provide a model for lifelong learning of NAJA staff along this path.

This is an exploratory study with a mixed approach and a research purpose. Participants in the qualitative part were 15 specialists and experts in the field and in the quantitative part all the deputies of the training and human resources departments of the provincial police command were 655 persons selected by proportional stratified sampling. The data gathering tool in the qualitative section is semi-structured literature review and interview. In the quantitative section, three types of questionnaires were developed in the first stage (exploratory analysis), the second stage (confirmatory analysis) and the suitability of the final research model. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's Alpha (0.92) and its validity was confirmed by construct validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using Amos and Lisrel software and paired t-test, binomial and Friedman tests were used to analyze the data.

Based on interviews with experts and review of literature and data analysis, results showed. Factors affecting lifelong learning of Naja staff include three factors of lifelong learning competencies, lifelong learning stimuli and learning styles, nine components and 55 indicators.

The findings of the study showed that five strategies and six categories of legal, financial, cultural, structural, educational, and human mechanisms were developed to promote lifelong learning. Finally, a model consisting of three factors, nine components, 55 indicators, five strategies and six mechanisms was developed and the fit of the model was confirmed by a questionnaire.

Tourism prosperity and development depend on security. Without security, tourism development will not take place and there is a direct and intimate relationship between these two concepts. Accordingly, the purpose of the present research is tourism development strategies preparation with national security approach in central and eastern provinces of Iran.

This research is a developmental one based on strategic planning method. The statistical population of the study has included experts in tourism, land planning, security, futures research, strategic planning, sociology, criminology and geography of Tehran universities: TarbiatModares, ShahidBeheshti and cultural heritage, tourism and handicrafts organizations. Thirty experts were selected based on the snowball method. SWOT method and QSPM quantitative matrix were used for data analysis.

Leisure facilities establishment, equipment and places with the security perspective and the necessary platforms for tourism development with score of 0.18 has the highest score among the strengths. There is a lower score of 0.11 for cultural and historical tourism. Among the weaknesses, the problem of necessary funds attraction, region anonymity and the weakness in better information with the score of 0.09 was the highest score.Among the points of opportunity, attraction of private sector capital in the tourism field, presence of area young manpower and defensive attention according to the characteristics of the same area with score of 0.21 was the highest score. Among threat points, environment destruction by tourist’s neglect and natural attractions loss with a score of 0.11 has the highest score.

According to the SWOT matrix, the position of tourism development with the national security approach in the provinces under study falls under the diversity strategies (ST).

This study aims to investigate provision of social security for criminal liability of legal entities in the Iranian Legislative Policy.

This descriptive-analytical study adopted a qualitative approach and collected data using library research and note-taking. The data were analyzed via the qualitative content analysis method.

Question 1: How is it possible to bring criminal charges against a legal entity for crimes committed by natural entities such as CEOs or their representatives? In answer to this question, we need to examine the realist theory and the fiction theory of legal entities. Question 2: What are the legal entities and their examples in the public law? Legal entities fall under two broad categories: private legal entities and public legal entities. Question 3: How is offense attribution to legal entities justified? Regarding this question, we deal with the representation theory, the agency theory, the theory of directors as corporate agents, and the theory of directors as corporate pillars. Question 4: How does a legislator assess the necessities in regard to the criminal liability of legal entities? Article 143 of the Islamic Penal Code assumes the criminal liability equally for all legal entities.   

Article 143 of the Islamic Penal Code assumes the criminal liability equally for all legal entities; however, the failure to predict the criminal liability for legal entities in the public law to prove a criminal fault is a legislative void in this area that needs to be filled.

Maintaining order and security is one of the fundamental goals of any society in which governments seek to regulate the rights of individuals in order to achieve it. These rules appear as laws in society and this study seeks to by proposing to amend the law by analyzing judicial opinions and the merits of the inter plea lawsuit, state that the equal treatment of the courts with similar claims in this area will bring order and justice and, subsequently, will attain social security.

This study is descriptive in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection through documentary method and by reviewing the books on the procedure of judgments and opinions with qualitative research method and data analysis method. The community in question also includes the verdicts of the Public Courts and the Courts of Appeal published in the Judicial Collection.

Regulations on litigation and verdicts show that there are currently variable interpretations of the rules on the same issues in the various procedural matters, which undermine the rights of those referring to Justice and, subsequently, discontent and mistrust of the judiciary and, as a result, undermine social order and security.

By amending the laws of inter plea lawsuits, so that the perceptions of those laws are not different and the judicial system is aware that the courts are acting in a cohesive way on the same issues, it will end to a higher level of public consent and trust. It also provides justice in a better way and, consequently, helps to restore order and security in society.

Maintaining and expanding the security of the border areas is a constant concern for countries that have long shared borders with their neighbors. New perspectives on border areas security are emphasized on the strategy of sustainable development of border regions. In fact, what can ensure the security of the border areas is the sustainable development of the border areas. This paper attempts to study the maintenance and expansion of border security.

This research is applied one in a descriptive-analytical way. The data was collected through library and documentary sources, Internet resources and field observations through the distribution of 352 questionnaires, and from seven indicators (economic - Social, physical environment, government role, border function change, access control, urban security, media performance). Data was analyzed using one-sample T-test and regresion test

According to the results of the T test, there is a significant and direct relationship between the research variables in the study area and the coefficient Sig, 000/0, and these components have a significant effect on regional equilibrium and safety enhancement. Also, according to the results of the regression test, it was determined that there is a very strong correlation between the role of the government, the change in the boundary function and access to the security of the region while and these variables can account for 82.6 percent of the variables that change the security boost. T test also shows that independent variables have a significant effect on dependent variables and finally, the three variables can explain the changes of dependent variables.

Increasing government investment in border towns and creating large-scale industrial projects that will increase population and sustainability of the towns, thereby increasing government spending, participation and paying attention to the investment created, increasing cross-border and internal protection, thereby enhancing citizens' security.