Advances in Nanochemistry
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Summer and Autumn 2019

Aluminum nanoparticles (AlNPs) and aluminum oxide (AlONPs) nanoparticles were selectively produced in large quantities by the electrical explosion of wire (EEW) process in different conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), laser particle size analyzing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were carried out to characterize the purity, morphology, particle and crystallite size of the nanoparticles. The effects of wire diameter, feed rate, electrode distance, pulse time, voltage, carrier gas pressure, and fan pressure in the exploding wire chamber on the particle size were analyzed by a preliminary Taguchi design of experiment. The results show that the wire diameter, feed rate, pulse time, voltage, and electrode distance are the main five factors. An ultimate response surface methodology (RSM) design showed the particle size increases with decreasing voltage and increasing other factors.

Gold metallic nanoparticles have received a great and well-deserved attention due to their wide application in different fields of scientific and technology, especially biological and therapeutic applications such as cancer diagnosis and treatment according to their advantages including biocompatibility, low toxicity, controlling size and shape, easy synthesis, selective accumulation in cancer cells, high activity, and optical properties. The targeted nanocarriers have given new hope in order to the treatment of this disease all over the world. Understanding the medical effects of gold nanoparticles is a key issue for their rational and efficient design. Regarding this issue, the reported studies indicate that the quality of therapy and identification process of diseases has improved according to gold nanoparticles. It is expected that in the near future, these nanomaterials will provide the most fruitful therapeutic results. With this in mind, this mini-review tries to address new targets for cancer cells, new ways to target based on gold nanoparticles as well as stabilizing nanoparticles locally on cancer cells and the resulting degradation of side effects.

According to the advantages of electrochemical analysis like high selectivity, high sensitivity, low analyte concentration, cost-effective, portable and easy-to-use setup, this method has attracted a great amount of attention among scientists for determination of different compounds. in this work, a simple, inexpensive, and rapid electrochemical method for the determination of thiosemicarbazide (TSC) was developed by using the modified glassy carbon electrode with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT/GCE). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies indicated that TSC had a sensitive irreversible oxidative peak at 0.7 V. Compared to the untreated electrode, the modified electrode showed a negative shift in the oxidation peak of TSC. Differential pulse voltammetry on MWCNT/GCE showed a linear dependence on the concentration of TSC in the range of 1 × 10-6-100 × 10-6 M with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 × 10-6 M. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of TSC in city water samples.

Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases for the reason that its therapy involves distinguishing normal healthy cells from affected cells. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) play an important role in cancer therapy because of their unique properties. This study theoretically illustrates diffusion flow of anticancer medicines through single-wall armchair (10, 10) CNTs to investigate the possibility of using them in drug delivery. To investigate the movement of polyatomic molecular species through CNTs, the diffusion flow of anticancer medicines (Carmustine, Lomustine, Ifosfamide, Azathioprine, Gemcitabine, Procarbazine, Methotrexate) were modeled through single-wall armchair(10,10) CNTs. The selected method was Semi-empirical/PM6 to optimize the anticancer medicines and molecular mechanics (MMFF94 method) to optimize the selected CNT in this modeling. The different aspects were considered and discussed.

Chelation is a type of ions/ molecules bonding to metal ions. Due to the excellent chelating properties of aminopolycarboxylic acids such as diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacet-ic acid (DOTA), this study focuses on the synthesis of these compounds. Few investigations have been carried out on the comparison of desorption rate and amount of heavy metals extracted successively by organic acid mixtures. DTPA and DOTA as chelating agents were grafted on the metal nanoparticles (MNPs). They are convenient compounds for the removal of heavy metals ions from wastewater. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with narrow size distribution were synthesized by a simple and high-yielded co-precipitation technique using ferrous salts with molar ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+=2. After preparation of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles by Stöber method (wet chemistry), the nanoparticles were functionalized via amine residues of ligands. The synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles, as well as their structural and magnetic properties, were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), tramsition electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and thermogravimetric analysis techniques.

This paper focused on the study of the impact of ultrasonic waves on the intensification of Ni(II) removal from aqueous solution by adsorption onto Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Co-precipitation method was used to synthesis Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and the average size of the nanoparticles was obtained about 19 nm by SEM. Two layouts including shaker and ultrasonic irradiation are examined. The effects of pH, adsorbent mass and initial concentration of Ni(II) on the removal efficiency of Ni(II) were investigated. The Ni(II) removal efficiency had the highest value at pH=9. Ni(II) removal from aqueous solution using ultrasonic need to lower contact time than the shaker at identical conditions. The highest removal efficiencies of Ni(II) were 83.3% and 85.5% with the contact times of 100 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively using the shaker and ultrasonic. Finally, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were employed to correlate sets of experimental adsorption isotherm data. The fitting results showed that non-linear Langmuir model could fit the data better than Freundlich model.

A fast and facile electrochemical sensor for detection of important anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is fabricated using a copper-nanoparticles decorated multi-walled carbon nanotube and chitosan composite modified electrode. Copper nanoparticles/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/ionic liquid/chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode (CuNPs/MWCNTs/IL/Chit/GCE) prepared by the consecutive coating of MWCNTs/IL/Chit nanocomposite on the GCE, followed by the electrodeposition of copper. Surface characteristics of the modified electrode were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical capability of the fabricated modified electrode for the detection of 5-FU is examined by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The nano Cu decorated MWCNTs/IL/Chit/GCE is found to be efficient for the electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-FU. The peak current of the DPV exhibited a linear relationship against 5-FU over a wide concentration range of 1-110 µM with a low detection limit (0.15 µM). Additional, the sensor was successfully applied in biological fluid sample analysis.