فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 36، پاییز 1398)

In this regard, the neighboring neighborhoods of Tajrish were selected as a case study, the first urban management was studied in these neighborhoods, and the green management indicators were studied and finally the effect on the neighborhood tourism was evaluated. What is more all in this sustainability is the participation rate of the community is of the most important cases of achieving the participation of civil institutions and political parties, which is the only development of the researcher as freedom, the research method is descriptive-analytic and in terms of applied-development purpose. The method of sampling was randomly-and the statistical population of 150 people was selected. The method of collecting data in two libraries and fields has been used in analyzing field data of Cronbach's α and Spearman Alpha. The findings of this study showed that, because the significant level of P = 0, the amount of 0, 05 smaller, then the reliability between the items was tested through Cronbach's alpha was obtained by Alpha 0.71, which indicates a good reliability. Therefore, the assumption of research is confirmed. In regard to analysis of the social sustainability of Tajrish neighborhood, according to the data analysis, it can be stated that, despite the history of Tajrish neighborhood and the sense of spatial belonging and identity of the social index of sustainability in the neighborhood with the score of 53.3, has had the highest increase compared to other indicators and this is influenced by People gather a community together.

Human phenomena were not limited to single-factor and discrete peripheral environments and the city as an important manifestation of human collective identity is no exception. The purpose of this article is to address this issue analysis and role of Spatial Justice in Peripheral areas in Sustainable Spatial Political organization in Tehran. Tehran is one of the most influential and mutually influenced metropolitan areas in areas such as population, housing, air pollution, political issues such as elections, cultural issues such as coverage ... and economic issues. The main question of this article is that what is the role of the peripheral areas in the sustainable spatial political governance of Tehran? The methodology of this paper is descriptive-analytical that uses research and statistics and maps available the problem of research will be analyzed and explained. The hypothesis of the article to answer the above question is that the city is an open system that interacts with its surroundings and as a result of any planning and policy making for the political and spatial organization of its geographical, economic and cultural components it needs to address its causes in the peripheral spaces. The results of this paper also show that Tehran because of the abduction of economic, social, cultural and ...It also makes them unjust and it has also faced the challenge of sustained political space organization.

The present study did not examine the security of the Persian Gulf region only at the military level rather, considering the multifaceted dimensions of security in the present age deals with research. Geographical proximity and extent of political economic interactions and ... neighbors and also their mutual vulnerabilities to a degree, security and insecurity in the Persian Gulf can be assessed interconnected. United States of America that's after World War II pursued an active foreign policy towards global and regional developments. On the other hand, one of the main reasons for the West's focus on the Persian Gulf and put it at the top of US strategy. There has been a need to curtail Iran's influence and maneuverability in the region. The main purpose of this thesis is analyzing and Comparing Iran and US Security Strategies for Security in the Persian Gulf at three levels: military, political and economic. The main question of the thesis is that what are the US Iran Security Strategies for Security in the Persian Gulf at three levels of military, political and economic? The method used is descriptive survey research. The results of the dissertation show that US Iran Security Strategies for Security in the Persian Gulf There are three levels of military, political and economic differences.

Cities as the most important places to attract tourists play an important role in urban development.The aim of this study is to investigate the structural components affecting sustainable urban tourism. The research method is applied in terms of its purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of its implementation method.The statistical population of the study consisted of three groups of households, tourists and officials.To select the sample size,Cochran formula was used. Among the households, there were 360 questionnaires, 285 questionnaires in the tourists group and 50 questionnaires in relative group were selected. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression test, Mick-Mac model and holsat model were used to determine the satisfaction of the performance of the astringent on the growth and development of tourism.The results of the HOLSAT model show that indicate that the highest level of satisfaction in the economic variable related to the component of obtaining experience with satisfaction level (1.23), in the related socio-cultural variable, the standard of living standard (0.5),in the environmental variable supporting the tourism areas (1.06) and in the institutional variable related to the activities of non-governmental organizations in the field of tourism (-0.66).The results of Pearson correlation coefficient show that all variables have a significant relationship with the growth and development of their tourism.Also, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that,for households, the variable of institutional structure with beta coefficient of 0.392,for variable tourists, the socio-cultural structure with beta coefficient was 0.542 and for the variable of environmental variable with the

The geographic location of Iran and its large sections on the global dry belt have made water a major concern. Meanwhile, Zanjan province as one of the internal space units in the past few years has faced numerous problems in the field of water resources. Reduction of water volume, subsidence of plains, decrease of groundwater and also negative changes in Caspian basin and central basins as two important watersheds related to this province, to water issue and political, social, economic and biological consequences - The environment in this province has been very important. In this regard, the present study uses a descriptive-analytical methodology to assess the management of water resources in Zanjan province in two dimensions: "having power institutions" and "status of the province in the upstream document of the country's plan". The results indicate that among the institutions related to the water domain, such as the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Interior, none of the ministers during the various periods of government in Iran was from Zanjan province. In addition, Zanjan province is located in the upper reaches of the country, as a marginal area under the central core of Tehran. The collection of these two processes has led to the imposition of policies related to water resources from the center to the province. Due to centralization and lack of attention to localism, these policies have failed to make efficient planning for Zanjan province water resources management.

The city is not just a habitation, but a place where the soul of the community is blown and identified. Urban identity is a collective identity that becomes meaningful to objective crystallization in the physics and content of the city, and drives citizens towards citizenship through the formation of a public memoir of citizens and belonging. Failure to do so will make the citizens of a neighborhood feel less dependent on their place of residence, resulting in unsustainable neighborhoods. The aim of study was to assess and analyze the economic, socio-cultural and physical factors on the identity of the Yaqot Abad neighborhood as one of the city's troublesome neighborhoods. The present study is a descriptive-analytic method which was conducted by scrolling method and using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of all residents aged 18 years old in saveh. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula, 322. The results show that social, economic, physical and natural indices have a positive and significant correlation with the identity of the neighborhood. there was a significant difference between identity and residence time, and citizens living longer have identified the identity and spatial identity of the neighborhood more desirable. In general, this research has shown that the mere existence of a disorder can not weaken citizens' identities. As residents of the neighborhood of Jamut Abad, despite being unofficial and inadequate and lack of proper management by the city administration, have a great sense of identity towards their neighborhood.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective indicators for creating interactive spaces with an emphasis on the creative city. In this regard, according to the research topic, the scrolling method has been used. Regarding the level of study, two descriptive and explanatory levels (descriptive-analytical) were used. Also, for statistical analysis, statistical software such as SPSS and Super Decision software have been used. At the descriptive level, one-dimensional tables, percentages and abundance have been used. Also, at the inferential level, T-test was used to test the hypotheses, along with two independent samples, Pearson's path analysis. The ANP model is used to rank the factors influencing the realization of the creative city. Finally, the results of the research showed that social capital is a good predictor of explaining the level of the creative city in Ray. The creative city can meet the needs and aspirations of urban communities on a variety of dimensions. The needs of each city are influenced by the growth of the city. Urban space is realized when a person or people want to use it or be involved in this process. This process, on the one hand, contributes to the dynamism of the environment and, on the other hand, to the emergence of the creative class. Impact factors (human capital, innovation, social capital and quality of life) can be effective indicators of creativity and planning. In this research, it has been dealt with in general.

West Asian region with its countries similarities in challenges and some strengths, weaknesses and opportunities Sometimes it includes countries with political, security, economic, cultural and situational coordinates. One of the sub-regions of this region includes Iran, Iraq and Turkey. The purpose of this article is to analyze and analyze the geopolitical structure of the Middle East regional convergence pattern between Iran, Iraq and Turkey. The main question of the article is that based on the geopolitical realities of the region what kind of pattern can be offered that will the de-escalation lead to some sort of sustainable regional convergence between the three countries? The hypothesis that we are trying to answer this question is that given the geopolitical realities of the Middle East- a model that can accommodate and mitigate geopolitical weaknesses and threats and make good use of geopolitical strengths and opportunities this will lead to some sort of sustainable regional convergence between the three countries, while defusing. This article is intended as an applied research. In terms of nature and method it also falls into the category of descriptive-analytical research. The information required for the article is collected in a library and documentary manner. In the meantime part of the information is accessed through libraries and partly through the authoritative space and internally and externally accredited scientific bases collected through articles, reports and scientific analysis notes, interviews and opinions of experts in this field are also used.

Yazd city is one of the cities that, despite its development, still retains its old parts, which today constitute the historical texture. The city consisted of a variety of structures, the most important of which were the neighborhoods. However, various factors may be involved in the formation and development of the city and, consequently, the structure of neighborhoods. The religious structure of the city consists of various mosques and shrines, which can be referred to as the main mosque in the center of the city. This led to the creation of the most important economic center of the city in the Al-Muzaffar era of the Charssoq market, which would cause changes in neighborhoods. The educational structure of various schools was formed, some of which were part of a larger group. These schools, along with public buildings, have had a great deal of influence in building the neighborhood and creating changes within them. The existence of the city's turbojar had caused the neighborhoods to be divided into two parts, outside the fence and inside the fence, which was expanded to the limits of the neighborhoods inside the fence. The most important source of water supply was the city of Qanats, which made it possible to access access to many of the mills and some of them were formed by them. As a result, in forming and developing the city of Yazd, different structures were involved, such as religious, economic, educational, various collections, etc., each of which contributed to the formation and

second homes tourism is one of the patterns of tourism development in the rural areas that leads to various impacts, such as environmental impacts in the villages. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of second homes tourism in the environmental changes of Target tourism villages of East of Guilan province in the last decade (2006-2016). The method of this study is descriptive-analytic. Most of the data has been conducted based on field studies. The results indicate that the second homes tourism mainly has negative effects such as land use change and the destruction of gardens and farms, increasing waste production and releasing it in village environment, degradation of vegetation, noise pollution , air pollution, visual pollution , water pollution,etc on the environment of villages in the study area. Based on the findings in 2016, the number of 169 second homes was constructed in the study area, which had been a growth of 110.6% compared to 2006 and The most land use changes have respectively occurred in the villages of Hasansara (56.6 hectare) and Anbrsar (22.3 hectares) in decade ago. According to field studies, the amount of waste produced in the seasons of tourism has grown by about 80% compared to non-tourism seasons. In this regard, the largest amount of waste produced in the seasons is related to the villages of Anbarsar (about 420kg) and Hasansara (about 350kg).

The territory of Tehran, an area of 6 thousand square kilometers, is 10 times the current range of Tehran. Due to the increasing population of Tehran and neighboring cities, Tehran's privacy has turned into economic, social, environmental and administrative problems. Nevertheless, the management of the capital's privacy is one of the most important challenges in this area because the government, along with the management of the urban area of Tehran, should be able, while playing a desirable role in the new global environment, a sustainable and environmentally sustainable development for residents of 15 million People will provide this area. The type of research in this research is descriptive-analytical and in collecting information, field studies and library have been used. The combined model (SWOT-AHP) has also been used to analyze the findings. The findings show that among the investigated factors, institutional-management with a score of 0.232 is most important and effective. The second is the economic factor, with a score of 0.214, located in the second place, and the third is the physical effect section with a score of 0.192, and this value is a measure of its importance and effectiveness. Also, the sensitivity analysis diagram shows that the aggressive strategy has the most sensitivity and the defensive strategy also has the least sensitivity.

In the modern world, terrorism is one of the central and intertwined issues of national and international security. Counterterrorism is a set of actions taken by a defensive or preventive approach to mitigate the effects of violent behavior in the political and social spheres by resorting to military forces and the economic exploitation of indigenous forces. Given the threat posed by Iran and Pakistan, the authors sought to address this issue in this article to address the security challenges facing Iran and Pakistan in the period 2001 to 2017. Iran and Pakistan share more than 900 kilometers of boundaries, which have become the target of terrorist groups over the past decade. Who engage in terrorist activities on Iranian soil? The main question of the paper is what are the security challenges of Iran and Pakistan in confronting the phenomenon of terrorism from 2001 to 2017? The hypothesis of this paper to answer the main question is that Despite Iran and Pakistan's willingness to counter border terrorism, they face challenges outside the will of the two countries due to geographical, political, economic determinism, as well as interference from regional and non-regional third countries.The results of the paper also show thatGeographical components include confidence building in Iran-Pakistan security relations and the divergent role of neighboring and non-neighbor countries in the security challenges of Iran and Pakistan in the fight against terrorism.The research method in this thesis is descriptive-analyticalAnd it's done in a library way.

Today, rise of cities and urbanization and consequently increasing use of cars and public transports not only increase their destructive effects on the urban environment, but also make many problems for the health of city-dwellers. One of the most important factors in reducing these adverse effects is creating ideal spaces for walking in urban environments. City of Rasht, capital of Gilan province, has the most density of population due to it's temperate climate and fertile land among cities of Iran, so the importance of proper sidewalks to encourage walking in the city seems to be necessary. The aim of this study is to evaluate three main pedestrians of Rasht by prioritizing urban utility components. The method is based on descriptive – analytical method. The results show that on the basis of prioritized and effective criteria and sub-criteria on the quality of the space walk, Motahari sidewalk has the highest quality and Shariati and Imam Khomeini sidewalks have the next levels in terms of quality components of walking space.

Poverty spectrums were generated non detachable urban regions and because of poverty phenomenon negative consequences and It’s development, mentioned cases were paid attention by policy makers and planners. The main subject in prevention poverty phenomenon development is accurate recognition of poverty spectrums and spatial consolidation in cities. Poverty position and It’s development in Iran cities, this case has different patterns. Based on poverty spatial dispersion investigation importance in urban societies and by regarding mentioned phenomenon studying; proper decision making And planning provide to poverty problems reducing in urban sectors for managers and administrators. Current research was implemented with the aim of poverty spatial dispersion analysis, poverty blocks recognition and also poverty clustering in Ardebil city urban blocks by using 31 social, Economic and physical indices. According to theses features; spatial statistical models, hot spots analysis, spatial auto-correlation were used in Arc/GIS software. Based on research results, Ardebil urban blocks are located in different classes by regarding investigated indices. According to spatial auto-correlation model (Moranas), poverty dispersion in Ardebil city follow by clustering model and mentioned kind of dispersion cause to creating spatial dichotomy in Ardebil city.

Urbanization expansion and increasing urban population especially in developing countries with horizontal growth of cities have increased the need for land. This need especially in mountain countries such as Iran that its main part of smooth lands located in river beds, has been extended to flood zones inevitably. Mianeh city like all civic centers of Iran in past is located alongside water resources such as rivers. Today, increasing urban population and physical expanding of cities have increased the need for land for future physical development. This study aims at analyzing spatial-social inequalities in the face of flood hazard. This study according to aim is a scientific research and according to quiddity is a causal-adaptive research. Data were collected by 300 questionnaires and T-test and Chi-square were used to test hypothesis. According to these tests, there is a meaningful relationship between family average income and spatial-social inequalities in the face of flood hazard. Family with low income cannot afford to buy house in safe regions. Thus, they settle in accidental areas and family with high income settle in area far from flood hazard. Lack of paying attention to urbanization principles and criteria of choosing location has caused 28/8 hectare of Mianeh city area to be located in hazard Zone of Quri Chay River. Lack of paying attention to riverside and constructing residential places in riversides lead to river bed limitation and rising water level and finally causing many damages in flood courses.

In this study, the effect of climate change on time of wheat cultivation, duration of growth period was investigated in Ardabil region. For adaptation to the phenomenon of climate change, and was developed appropriate crop calendar for wheat cultivation in Ardebil. To achieve this approach, first the occurrence of climate change was analyzed by using statistical downscalling, and the output data of the CanESM2 model using SDSM software under the RCP 4.5 scenario, next the climate parameters of the maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation were simulated for the future period (2040-2011). Then the time of wheat cultivation was determined according to two temperature and precipitation factors for the base and future periods. The results of calculation of length of growth were obtained using GDD index. Finally, an appropriate agronomic calendar for the future years was determined based on this indicator. The results showed that the temperature is increasing and the average annual temperature in Ardebil will increase from 9.2 to 10.2 ° C and precipitation will be reduced to 15 millimeters. Under the conditions of the future climate, length of Growth period will reduce 20 days relative to the basic period. The time of wheat cultivation will be postponed for 15 days and the suitable time of wheat cultivation will be in the second half of October.

Abstract Behavioral patterns are one of the effective factors on the quality of village renovation. Organizing the behavioral patterns in the renovation process can give life to or take it from the village gradually. In fact, preserving the relationship between the frame and rural behavior patterns affects privacy, personal space, territory and crowding conceps, and these concepts are rooted in every village’s rural culture. Renovation with no figure on rural behavioral pattern will change the village face and village identity in the long term. This research conducted with behavioral patterns in village renovation with analyzing the quality content practices the comparative studies of behavioral patterns in renovated domicile and urban domicile in Kerman province villages. The samples being studied are picked theoretically and objectively with attention given to the segregation of Kerman province villages. In the level of measures, qualitative questionnaires, interviews and recording observations are used and the findings are analyzed with logic reasoning method. The research results show that behavioral patterns play a determinant role in the creation of an identified renovation and neglecting these patterns causes deletion or change in many of these functions and ultimately rural life style. Entirely, the studies in this research show the villager’s attempts in order to preserve the rural behaviors in renovated domicile, despite the frame transforms and it emphasizes giving double attention to rural behavioral patterns in order to preserve every village identity. Keywords: behavioral patterns, renovation, village, identity, Kerman province

As a result of these effects, we are witnessing the geographical developments of rural housing in this region of the country.Where the rural housing structure should be in the light of the environmental conditions and factors of each areaAnd change, affected by environmental variables, but it seems that in the trench section of the city of Rasht, this relationship has become unmanageable in some rural areas for various reasons; all of these developments have had an impact on housing in this sector Which have also influenced environmental quality;In the trench sector, the process of change, especially in the rural lifestyle, has changed rapidly and so, over the last few decades, villages have been undergoing transformative changes in terms of biology and culture as a result of social change. The main question of this paper is thatHow has housing developments in the last decade of the trench section of Rasht city affected the meaning of rural areas?To achieve this, descriptive-analytical method and Spss software were used in data analysis and by applying one-way ANOVA and one-way and paired T-test, each of the indicators is evaluated. Using Cochran formula, 344 questionnaires were distributed in the study villages. These questionnaires examined the impact of environmental quality on housing components through meaning component.The results show that The environmental quality of Rasht villages has improved in the last two decadesAnd the use of indigenous knowledge in housing developments and the creation of a meaningful index has helped to enhance the environmental quality of the area.

Terrorism is a narrow-minded, narrow interpretation of religious and legal rules in a geographical area, it is for the benefit of a particular group and against others. Terrorism does not happen in a vacuum rather, it is space-based, and in the classical sense it terrorizes in a local, national or regional geographical unit. The phenomenon of terrorism and its extent and geography have a long history and history both in the Muslim world and in the West. On the other hand, Islamic law sources and international law rulesEach has looked at the phenomenon of terrorism with different literatures. The purpose of this article is the geo-legal analysis of terrorism in the West and in the Islamic world according to Islamic teachings and the rules of international law. The main question of this article is thatIn what areas and countries was the geographical scope of terrorism in the Islamic world and the West? And how have these Islamic teachings and the rules of international law interpreted this phenomenon? The research method is descriptive-analytical will try using scientific and research articles as well as library resources analyze and explain the research topic. The results of the paper show that the phenomenon of terrorism, contrary to the claims of the Western media, both in the West and in the Muslim world was equally abundant and the teachings of Islam and international law however, with different literature they have condemned this phenomenon and considered the perpetrators punishable.

Buildings as urban cues play an important role in the urban environment from identity creation to orientation and if they have a secondary meaning they become socio-cultural symbols. Therefore, it is important to consider the factors that contribute to the promotion of an architectural work to the socio-cultural mark. The purpose of this article is to answer the question: What factors and how do they contribute to the enhancement of the meaning of an architectural work from urban sign to social cultural sign? The research method is in the study of theoretical literature, academic and library studies and in the interpretation of interpretive-analytical case examples; the transcendental approach of this study is social semiotics. The results show that the factors that influence the promotion of an architectural work to socio-cultural landmarks are: physical factors (including form, proportions, dimensions, color, texture, foreground and background, technology and style), structural factors ( Including permeability, position and extent), semantic factors (including social dimensions (tradition, power, media, economics, collective memory), cultural factors (rituals and ceremonies), psychoanalysis (collective unconscious and ethnic), time (synchronous and temporal). ), Physical factors (aesthetic dimension, symptoms (verbal, abstract, types of symptoms), climatic factors, social use).

The present study was conducted to investigate the morphological properties of urban structure in Tabriz city. The main question of the research is whether the morphological properties of the structure of the city of Tabriz during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods have been effective? The complexity of the city formation process and the urban morphology structure of Tabriz city are the most important issues in this research. A look at the change in the structure and shape of cities clearly shows that our cities have not been taken into consideration as a serious study. The method of the present study is to use the "spatial syntax", which is a combination of descriptive and analytic rhooks. For analyzing the case study, the "spatial syntax" analytical morphological approach has been used to study the spatial structure of Tabriz city. The results of this study indicate that morphology is very effective in the configuration and structure of the city of Tabriz, and the fields of configuration are influenced by the urban spatial framework. Despite the rapid growth and development of the city, which today is found in many cities of Iran, especially Tabriz, by Urban planners have occurred, planners neglect development plans in relation to these properties. The main objective of this study is that the morphological characteristics of urban development programs (including the city of Tabriz) in each period are able to guide and control the forces that affect their performance

The purpose of this study was to compare the environmental status of suburban and non-suburban tenants of Islamshahr with the hierarchical analysis process method. And the researcher assesses the differences in the villages with and without villages with regard to the dimensions of rural sustainable development in Islamshahr area. It also identifies and evaluates the most important barriers and constraints to non-existence in the study area. The method of this research is applied according to the purpose of the type and by type is surveying and using AHP technique.By preparing a questionnaire, the researcher has assessed the environmental criteria with regard to the components of rural sustainable development and has assessed the objectives. According to the Census of 2016, the total households in the city were 139412 households, out of which 13545 were located in rural areas. To determine the sample size, Cochran's general formula was used which was reduced to 401 questionnaires by corrected order due to time and economic constraints and especially the size of the statistical population and after necessary consideration of the conditions of the area and the degree of compatibility of the villages, finally 10 villages were selected as sample in the study area. The results show that the rural areas with more favorable environmental conditions are more successful and if the villages have a favorable environmental status, their self-help will be even higher.

In today's world, the issue of safety in public spaces, especially urban gardens is of particular importance. Therefore this paper attempts to assess and Measure the safety level of urban gardens the 1th region of Shiraz. This paper is an applied research, the research aims is to evaluate variables and indicators of safety in the city's park. The relevant parameters were assessed and the parks were ranked based on this index. Obtaining information prepared and distributed a questionnaire among a sample of 300 people, by using single-sample Tests as well as Kruskal-Wallis test data and information was used for inferential analysis.The results of the studies indicated that Safety in the Parks Average is 2.95 percent, which is close to the average.And indicators of physical access, legibility design, lighting, physical safety, sense of safety and health safety, respectively with averages3.41, 3.07, 2.89, 2.85, 2.83, 2.64 (according to the normal average 3), respectively, are in a state of moderate to low.Parks: azadi, Besat, khold barin, ghodoosigharbi, kowsar and chamaran with average grade of 274.69, 199.74, 168.17, 139.70, 90.24, 30.46, Respectively ranked from first to sixth in terms of safety indicators studied. Therefore, according to research findings, suggestions such as: Improve lighting conditions in the gardens for nightly use by users, attendance the health services and Remedy and measures to prevent the entry of street addicts and street Stray into gardens, etc To improve the safety of the studied gardens.

The Middle East region is at the center of the world's political, economic and cultural gravity. The Middle East is the intersection of Asia, Europe and Africa, in other words the political-economic and cultural focal point of the ancient world. In recent years, the Middle East has experienced a record-breaking crisis and countries in the region, including Syria, Iraq and Yemen, have experienced a crisis of terrorism and widespread internal crises. The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of geoeconomic and geocultural variables in the geopolitical crisis. The main question is, what role do geoeconomic and geocultural variables play in the emergence and persistence of geopolitical crises in the Middle East? The hypothesis we are trying to analyze and answer to the main research question is that Geoeconomic and geo-cultural variables appear to facilitate the emergence and resolution of emerging geopolitical crises in the Middle East, making them difficult and difficult to resolve. The methodology of this paper is descriptive-analytical In which the article will attempt to analyze the subject using library resources and scientific and research articles. The results of the paper show that the Middle East crises have two economic and cultural bottlenecks that play the role of catalysts in the equation.

Urban hierarchy survey is the most effective way to recognize the organization of the city system and helps to manage its space. The lack of attention to the urban hierarchy system and the distribution and distribution of urban centers in the area of one region on the one hand and the growth of urbanization on the other hand will lead to imbalance and rupture in the spatial structure ofcities. This research is a descriptive-analytical method and a method for collecting information as a library. In this regard, the cities of the province based on the results of general census surveys of population and housing during the years 1335 to 1395 using the models (urban hierarchy profiles) ) ((Rank-size)) ((stratified difference limit)) have been analyzed and analyzed. The results indicate that the existence of two superior cities of Shahrood and Semnan, the hierarchy of the province from the rank of the rank - size did not follow, and the result of the stratified difference model showed that the division of cities in the province is not harmonious and systematic failure and a significant statistical failure in It is there. About 71 to 80 percent of the city's provinces are in the fifth-order population group. Graphs drawn from the urban hierarchy graph model over the past six decades show that the population of cities has not been balanced in different censuses and imbalances It is quite evident in the number of cities and their populations.