فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 59 (پاییز 1398)

People’s imagery of God during their childhood, created by their interactions with parents and peers, can affect the development of their religiosity. Therefore, over the past decades, this topic has been studied more than any other religious concept. This cross-sectional study, in the context of a causalcomparative and correlational design, examines the relationship between paternal and maternal imagery with the imagery of God in 8-12 year old children in Yazd. For this purpose, 194 students (98 girls, 95 boys) were selected through multi-stage sampling method. Guided by the researcher, all children responded to the semantic differential parental scale, which assesses the paternal and maternal characteristics of parents and God; designed by Pattin and Casters (1964). Data were analyzed using variance analysis, Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between all components of paternal and maternal imagery of parents and God imagery. In general, the components of the mother imagery had a higher correlation with the imagery of God. The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that mother's paternal imagery and maternal imagery had the ability to predict 50% of a positive imagery of God. In addition, the paternal imagery of God was significantly varied at different ages. Another research finding showed that imagery of God was based on maternal features rather than paternal and no significant gender differences were observed.

Considering the problems of families with children suffering from ADHD and the shortcomings of studies focusing on these damages, the purpose of this study is to identify the pathologies of sibling sub system in families with children suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)This research is a qualitative study using phenomenological method. Population consists of all families with children suffering from ADHD who employed the services of counseling or psychiatric centers in Sanandaj. Purposeful sampling was used and included 27 people. Semi-structured interview was used as an instrument and the data analyzed with seven-step method of Colaizzi (1978). In this research, essential codes that were obtained from coding include three types of descriptive, interpretative and explanatory coding, including formation of negative feelings, special problems in ADHD children and lack of coping skills. Results showed that sibling sub system is influenced by the problems of the child suffering from ADHD in family and causes specific damages and negative influences on this sub system. Therefore, this sub system needs supervision, support and specific training to reduce damages.

In the present study aims to predict the adolescent character strengths and attachment to parents and peers based on conflicts with parents. The statistical population of the study consisted of ninth grade female students from the municipal districts 4, 3, and 10 of Tehran. 195 students from the 9th grade were selected from three areas of Tehran using available sampling method and responded to the Short Measure of Character Strengths (SMCS), Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) and the inventory of parent and peer attachment (IPPA). the results of multiple regression analysis showed that prediction of the interaction of justice and conflict with father with attachment to father, justice, temperance and transcendence were positive and significant (P>0/001). Also relationship interaction of transcendence and conflict with the mother with attachment to the mother, wisdom, love, justice and transcendence was positive and significant (P>0/001). Therefore, it can be concluded that character strengths and parenting attachment have a positive effect on reducing adolescent conflict with parents. And the interaction of character strengths with conflict is the basis of conflict resolution.

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy with socioemotional relationship therapy on coping strategies in couples. This study followed a quasi-experimental design. The statistical population were the couples who employed the services of private counseling and psychological centers in Ardabil in 2016 due to marital conflict. 45 couples were selected based on their accessibility. Then they were divided into three groups randomly. The dependent variable (coping strategies) was evaluated through questionnaires before and after the therapy sessions. Subjects of experimental groups received ten ninety minute sessions.The results of multiple analyses of covariance indicated that there was a significant difference among three groups in post-test scores of those seeking social support, plan-problem solving, accepting responsibility, distancing and escapeavoidance (P 0/01 .(The results of Tokey test showed that the mean score for planproblem solving, accepting responsibility in reality therapy and mean score for seeking social support, distancing and escape-avoidance in socio-emotional relationship therapy group was significantly different compared to mean scores in control group (P 0/01 .(Both therapies can increase the application of seeking social support, plan-problem solving and accepting responsibility and can lead in decreasing distancing and escape-avoidance. In addition socioemotional relationship therapy was more effective in improving coping strategies.

According to Martin Buber's dialogical ph -ilosophy, a person’s interaction with a married couple engaged in infidelity can on ly manifest in an I-IT Communication (a monologue Communication) or an "IThou" interaction (a dialogue Communication). In the first Communication, the individual perceives his wife subjectively and experiences a limited part of his existence, based on his past information, with only a limited amount of his existence. The betrayed spouse understands the offender spouse intersubjectively and wholeheartedly in I and thou communication. They will understand their partner's whole essence as an integrated unity in the present time instead of experiencing it; in a 'between' realm and understands them in a Dialogical communication rather than a monologue one. In this paper, the relationship in the realm between the “I and thou” as the true meaning of forgiveness is discussed after criticizing the concept of the forgiveness of the betrayal.

Based on the well-known the views of the Imamyeh, contemporary grand clerics, the principle of respect towards the Muslim lifestyle, the norms of an Islamic community, and the sixth verse of the Divorce sura about breastfeeding payment, the wife’s remuneration is demandable. In Iranian statuary law, the article 29 of Family Protection Act of 2012 with reference to the sub-article of article 336 of Civil Code considers the wife’s remuneration demandable. According to the well-known view of the Hanifi clerics, the remuneration is considered a personal property, as well as in accordance with the hadith and the Prophet’s deeds; the remuneration for housework in marital life is not paid to the wife.The judgments of the courts about couples subject to Hanafi jurisprudence is divided into two categories. The first category considers the remuneration a personal property; thus, its judgments nullify the defendants’ claims. The second category deems the remuneration beyond the personal property; therefore, it makes a judgment in favor of the wife, so she can receive it. The consulting opinion of the legal office of the Judiciary, the subarticle of article 336 of the Civil Code, and the Family Protection Act approve the second opinion.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence or non-occurrence of divorce in cyberspace by email, texting or other mass media, the research was descriptive- analytical and was conducted using content analysis. The data gathered based on library and documentary method. The virtual divorce means that the couple divorces his wife by using an email (email) or a text message and the like. The jurists are dissenting about the occurrence or non-occurrence of such divorce. A group believes that although divorce is subject to circumstances, divorce in this way is due to the opposition to the religious law, the lack of conformity with the Islamic lifestyle, the existence of deceit and deceit, the lack of mutual will, the promotion of chaos in society, and the destruction of the foundation The family is not allowed. In contrast to the advocates referring to the general and divine laws and divorces, the analogy to Hazel divorce and written divorce, the confession of the couple in the presence of the judge and his determination to divorce, and the submission of the e-mail containing the registered electronic signature and compliance with the terms of the divorce, Its occurrence is permissible. Based on the research carried out, the theory of proponents, according to the prescribed conditions, seems to be justified due to the strength of evidence, the conformity to the general demands and the requirements of the present age.