فصلنامه آمایش محیط
پیاپی 46 (پاییز 1398)

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, many countries have changed their capitals. Capital cities are the heart of any political system that those being threatened can lead to collapse of the political system of the country. That is why locating the capital of each country, as the center of authority and persistence of political structure is very important. The main objective of this study is to identify and prioritize the criteria and factors that affect in relocating the capital of the country. This article’s type is analytical – descriptive and will attempt to find effective indicators and criteria and importance of each by using expert opinion. Thus, 18 main criteria that affect locating of capitals detected; including the following four categories of criteria for environmental-natural, socio-cultural, security-defense, economic-political. Then using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Thomas L. Saaty’s binary comparison matrix to determine the coefficients to rank importance of the indices and criteria studied. The results show that among the main criteria, environmental criteria (weight 0.423) as compared to defensive, social and economic criteria is more important. Among the sub-criteria, four indicators "not being exposed to earthquake and fault zone (with coefficient = 0.179)", "appropriate access to surface water and groundwater (0.123)", "being far away from nuclear centers (0.120)" and " the rate of social crime (0.080)" are the most important weights of elements in the selection process of suitable location for the capital. In addition, based on these findings it can be stated that the selection or locating of the capital; more than 50 percent, depends on these four factors.

An urban environment with suitable quality & neighborhoods as fundamental elements can induct satisfactory and well-fair feelings to the inhabitants. The main goal of this article is to conceptualize environmental quality contents in new towns neighborhoods by evaluating satisfaction rate of inhabitant of environmental quality factors. Therefor we extract 25 factors from fundamental theories of environmental quality in three deferent dimensions of Experimental, Functional & nature of environment. With these factors we evaluate environmental quality of 4 different neighborhoods of Pardis. Considering the main goal, we will evaluate the connection between the environmental quality indicators and the satisfaction rate of the residential environment neighborhood. This connection will be shown in a model evaluating environmental quality of Pardis new town.
Study shows that there are six basic factors, defining satisfaction of Pardis habitants, while the overall score of satisfaction rate is low which explains inability of Pardis town to fulfill inhabitant needs and desires.

Social justice is one of the most important urban management and planning issues. Paying attention to the importance of equitable distribution of services and facilities in urban areas is one of the most important factors in reducing neighborhood inequalities and increasing the level of social welfare and sustainability of urban life. In this study, 12 areas of Babol city were ranked according to 5 criteria and 44 sub-indices in terms of urban services and facilities by multi-criteria decision making models. The research method is descriptive-analytical and has been developed to collect pesticides and minerals. According to the results of the regional rank 3 with the highest rate and region 12 with the lowest rank. Also, the distribution of indicators and variables in the areas of this city is not fair and harmonious, as service distance decreases with increasing distance from the city center. Accordingly, the level of enjoyment in central areas (3, 4 and 10) is higher than the outer and marginal areas of the city (6, 9) and the educational-cultural index has a more unbalanced distribution.

The correct analysis of the housing market and a true understanding of the factors affecting housing, especially for its price and the effectiveness of each of them, The planners and the authorities to analyze and forecast the future status and accordingly provide appropriate solutions. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting housing prices in the city of Rasht (2005-2014) years has been conducted. The method in this research is descriptive-analytical, Data is collected using documentary and survey. According to the results of T-test, the factors of the number of completed buildings and socio-economic characteristics have a great influence on the house price. Factors of land prices, inflation, municipal costs, construction services prices, geographic location, income,having title deeds for residential units, and extent of residential units have little impact on housing prices and, factor of access to services has moderate impact. According to the results of Fridman Test the factors affecting housing price in Rasht that have the high ranks are socio-economic characteristics factors (9.77), number of completed buildings (9.76), and access to urban services (9.36). Other findings have indicated that districts 1 and 3 of Rasht have had the highest fluctuations in housing prices during 2005-2014.

The present study has been analyzed with respect to spatial equilibrium in Ilam province over the last few decades until 2011. A look at the census of 1976 to 2011 shows changes in the number and volume of urban areas in Ilam. The purpose of this research was to investigate and study this phenomenon and its effects by studying the population and demographic statistics of the understudy area. The analysis was performed and the relevant data and requirements were extracted.It was concluded from the present study that one of the effective factors in the irregular settlement system of Ilam province was rural migration and of course the villagers could not be blamed for the disruption of the housing system since the lack of facilities had forced them to do so. As a result, they had rushed to the center of the province, which was regarded as the hub of the facilities and welfare. Finally the researchers presented some solutions to balance the area understudy one of which can be said to have an applied plan.

Rehabilitation and renovation are of the major challenges with which urban management is facing in developing countries. Identifying physical and functional status of these textures is important for planning, managing, and maintaining them. Urban decay in Nahavand covers an area of 166 hectares consisting of seventeen dead tissues in the neighborhoods. The areas, despite the capabilities in physical, socio - economic and cultural – historical matters, are deficient somehow. In this study, SWOT analysis was used in order to assess the situation of urban decay in Nahavand. The research method used in this article was analytical and documents - literature and field observations were used in order to obtain the necessary data. The results of this study showed that the urban decay of Nahavand because of being ignored by officials and authorities of the city has turned into a serious problem experiencing disorder in social, economic, infrastructural, and bioenvironmental grounds. The city officials have not had any contribution to remove the existing problems either. It seems that any change in their approaches toward the mentioned texture, not as a threat but as an opportunity, most of the problems in the city can be removed and the potentials of Nahavand can be realized to develop this city fundamentally.

The existence of a regular urban hierarchy results in the distribution of goods and services to the entire community and as a result a balanced distribution of facilities and services to all parts of a region. The urban network is not just a collection of physical elements, and the role and importance of each settlement is determined by the extent and dimensions of communication and flow. They set up an open system. Larger cities, with more concentration, dominate smaller cities. This research is purpose-oriented and applied in terms of nature and its method is descriptive-analytical. In this study, the studied indicators were collected in two stages through the extraction from available sources; research plans, statistics, books and experts’ opinions, and finally, rank and size models, moderate size rating, Lorenz curve, and Khuzestan urban network status were used. The results showed that the study of the urban dynamics of Khuzestan province during the years1335-1383 based on the modified Zipoff-size model indicated the imbalance in the urban system and the high concentration of population in the cities above the urban hierarchy system, especially the first city of the province was observed. Based on the Zipf-size-moderated model, there is no reasonable relationship between cities and their rank. The city has maintained its focus on other cities by concentrating its facilities and services at different levels.

One of the clearest indicators of fast growth in cities in developing countries like Iran is informal settlements. In this research, the situation of informal settlements in Varamin has been analyzed. The settlements include five neighborhoods including Lorabad, Amroabad, Gol Tappeh, Sakina Banoo, Deh Shrifa. This is a descriptive-analysis research. In this regard, the qualities of life in these neighborhoods have been examined in both objective and subjective aspects. Therefore, a random sampling was used where 381 people were selected in order to measure the subjective quality of the residents. Then the situation of economic, social, and physical indexes of these neighborhoods were assessed using questionnaire and field observations. The objective quality of these neighborhoods was assessed using statistics and official documents too. The GIS and SPSS software were used to evaluate the correlation between objective and subjective indicators. According to the research findings, the correlation between two objective and subjective indicators was 0.90 which was very high. However, the residents’ satisfaction level of the physical, economic, and social situations was very low. The average public satisfaction form neighborhood situation based on the Likert scale (1-5) was just 2.32. This shows unfavorable situation of the neighborhoods as far as municipal services, as well as economic and physical status are considered. In total, we can conclude that due to the lack of attention on the part of Varamin authorities and its municipality to use of existed barren lands efficiently, and the lack of attention to waste lands have all led to the growth of informal settlements and illegal constructions and if we do not focus on these matters on time, they will be expanded and become worse problems in future.

Urban public spaces which are unfortunately forgotten are of the essential factors of life in cities. In this situation, one of the best ways is to revive these spaces and concentrate on the regeneration and rehabilitation of these spaces. The success of public spaces is proportional to the rate of using public space and the presence of man and social life. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effective criteria on regeneration of public space and social life in the streets. Therefore, various variables such as diversity of activity, flexibility, socialization, public spaces, dynamics, and the influence of behavioral patterns have been studied. The present study is an applied one and its method is descriptive-analytical. On the other hand, a researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection and the SPSS software was used for data analysis. A sample of 400 members of all residents and users of Mashhad, Ahmadabad, Sajjad, Kuhsangi and Shahid Ghanani streets were selected according to the Cochran formula. The results of the research indicated that functional components had a direct impact on recreation of public spaces, and among physical and functional components, functional component and its related indicators were proved to have the most significant impact on the recreation of public space and social life. In the understudy area; on the other hand, Sajjad street had the highest rating in all three criteria of behavior, body and performance. Ahmadabad then ranked the second, Kohsangi and Shahid Qarani streets ranked the third and fourth respectively.

One of the important issues in the event of natural disasters in cities is the reconstruction of cities after these accidents. In the process of post-traumatic reconstruction, elements and factors are influential and the set of these processes has several effects on different dimensions of urban development, especially physical-physical dimension. Manjil is one of the cities of Roudbar, Gilan province, which was severely damaged by an earthquake in 1369. The process of rebuilding the city after the accident has had many effects on the physical and physical aspects of the city. In this study, the effects of elements of post-traumatic reconstruction on this dimension and the impact of physical-physical indicators of these elements have been studied. To this end, the effects of these elements and indicators were evaluated through a questionnaire by 25 relevant experts and analyzed by nonparametric binomial statistical test as well as statistical indices. The results showed that the impact of post traumatic reconstruction elements on the physical and physical dimension of Manjil was high and the physical and physical indices of these elements were high too. Also, most of the effects of the reconstruction elements on indigenous, entrepreneurial, and facultative factors were physical and physical indices, as well as building resistance, passageways and access to services had the most impact on the post-traumatic reconstruction process.