مجله آموزش بهداشت و ارتقای سلامت ایران
سال هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 28، زمستان 1398)

Depression is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease leading to re-admission, reduced quality of life, and increased risk of mortality. On the other hand, some people often tolerate and adapt to life problems and pressures more than others. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to use cognitive-behavioral therapy to reduce depression and increase psychological hardiness in order to reduce the problems of patients with cardiovascular disease.

In this study, a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and control group was performed. The study population included all patients with heart disease men and women over twenty years and was down sixty years that were hospitalized in Farshchian hospital in Hamedan. Of this numbers, thirty people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 15 participants and control. In order to evaluate depression from Beck Depression Inventory and measure the hardiness of personal opinion survey test were used. Then, using 10 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy, changes in the post test were measured. Research data using multivariate analysis of covariance were analyzed.

The findings showed that teaching cognitive-behavioral therapy, reducing the rate of depression among heart patients. Also, this treatment increases the psychological hardiness.

The findings of the present study cognition and conceptualization of the variables presented, it is possible to use cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing depression and increasing hardiness benefit heart patients.

Stress is one of the main problems of nurses, which greatly affects their professional performance and their personal life and causes conflict between work and life. The purpose of this research was to identify the effects of Health Belief model-based training on nurses’ occupational stress.

This is a Quasi-experimental study conducted on nurses. 45 nurses were randomly selected from special wards of a hospital as the interventional group and also 42 nurses from another hospital were randomly selected as the control group. Data gathering tool was included the Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) for determining nurses’ occupational stress and HBM Model constructs questionnaire to determine the effect of educational intervention. Training program was carried out in three 2-hour sessions. Subjects were monitored for 1 month. Statistical analysis was performed before, and 1 month after training using SPSS software. Statistical tests including Chi- Square, independent t-test, Paired t- test, Kolmogorov- Smirnov were used in this study.

Mean NSS score of the intervention group reduced from 107.311 ±20.800 to 89.578 ±23.352 after the training. Moreover, after training, the variables of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cue to action, self-efficacy, and behaviors showed a significant increase and perceived barriers decrease in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

Results showed that the Health Belief Model for stress management education was effective in the reduction of nurses’ stress level. Considering that behavioral and non-behavioral factors are effective in reducing stress; as a result, to change behavior of individuals, in addition to themselves, it is necessary to pay attention to the environment surrounding them and others influencing their behavior.

The current evidences have indicated that the prevalence of smoking cigarette and waterpipe has an ascending trend among the university students since their first year of study. The present study aimed to evaluation of explanation of the BASNEF model on smoking waterpipe among the university students.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 462 students selected by proportional stratified random sampling. The study data were collected using demographic questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaire based on the “BASNEF” model. The collected data were then entered into the SPSS statistical software (v. 19) and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearsons correlation coefficient and Regression analysis.

The prevalence rates of smoking cigarette and waterpipe were 11.7% and 16.6%, respectively. The results showed no significant difference in using cigarette or waterpipe by gender(p<0.01). The participants’ mean scores of attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors were 72.96±14.95, 21.51±5.31, and 19.1±4.04, respectively, regarding behavioral intent, 35.28% of consumers said they would never stop smoking waterpipe, and only 4.32% said they were more likely to quit smoking waterpipe within the next month.

Considering the prevalence of smoking waterpipe and cigarette among the students and the relatively inappropriate attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors to quit smoking, educational interventions based on interpersonal models to prevent or quit high-risk behaviors are suggested.

AIDS is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world and the disease is increasing especially among young people. Since the youth are exposed to high-risk behaviors, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of education based on the Health Belief Model in creating AIDS preventive beliefs in Turkmen girl students.

This randomized controlled field trial study was done on 78 female high school students in Aq-Qala, Golestan province. Using multi-stage sampling, two high schools in the interventional group and two high schools in the control group were selected, then two classes selected from each high school, data were collected before and after of intervention by using a questionnaire based on HBM. Data were analyzed using SPSS.17 software and Chi-square, Fisher exact test, T-paired test, Wilcoxon, Independent T-test, and ANCOVA.

Before training, there was not a significant difference in the mean scores of the health belief model constructs and in terms of demographic characteristics between two groups except in knowledge construct. After the educational intervention, the T-paired test showed that the mean of knowledge and perceived susceptibility were increased significantly, and the mean of perceived barriers was decreased significantly in the experimental group (P<0.05). ANCOVA also showed that compared with the control group, knowledge and perceived susceptibility were increased significantly after the intervention.

According to the present study, education based on the Health Belief Model was effective on the knowledge and perceived susceptibility. It is suggested that educational interventions based on Health Belief Model be designed and implemented to promote AIDS preventive beliefs in high school female students.

Diabetes is one of the most common diseases caused by metabolic disorders. This disease is not definitive, but it can be controlled. Successful diabetes control depends largely on patient self-care because more than 95 percent of diabetes care is done by the patient himself. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect Blended training on comparison with in-person training on self-care behaviors in type 2 diabetes patients.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with two groups of blended training and in-person training in which 60 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into blended training and in-person groups. Data were collected by standard questionnaires of  SDSCA (Diabetes Self-Care Behavior Inventory). For the blended training group, blended training programs were implemented and the in-person training group received the training in person at the health center. The results were analyzed by SPSS 16 software.

Before the intervention, the mean and standard deviation of self-care score in the in-person training group was 3.3 ± 0.74 and three months after the intervention was 3.87 ± 0.99, In the blended training group before the intervention, the mean and standard deviation of self-care was 3.56 ± 0.64 and three months after the intervention was 4.6 ± 0.85, this difference was statistically significant in both groups. But this increase was in favor of blended training.

The results of this study showed that the use of blended training method is more effective in increasing the self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes than the in-person training. Therefore, the use of this method in controlling and reducing the complications of the disease is recommended in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Today, self-injury behavior has a significant outbreak among adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) on self-esteem, cognitive emotion regulation, and non-suicidal self-injury behavior.

This study was semi-experimental research. The statistical population consisted of 45 students studying in junior high school in Pardis city (2017-2018). They were committed non-suicidal self-injury behavior at least for once. Using random access sampling method, the sample divided into two experimental groups and a control group (n1 = n2 = n3 = 15). The research tools included Eysenck’s self-esteem questionnaire (1976),  Garnefski and Kraaij’s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (2006), and Klonowski and Glenn’s self-injurious behaviors and functions (2009). Experimental groups were under the dialectical behavior therapy and solution-focused (brief) therapy. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

There was a significant difference between the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy with solution-focused brief therapy on reducing self-injury behavior (p <0/001) and cognitive emotion regulation (p<0/05). There wasn’t any significant difference in self-esteem variable. The mean scores of self- injury behavior for the dialectical behavior therapy group in post-test was significantly lower than the mean scores of the solution-focused brief therapy group and the control group. The mean of the dialectical behavior therapy group after a positive reappraisal was significantly higher than the mean of the control group.

The method of dialectical behavior therapy compared to Solution-focused therapy has a greater impact on increasing the positive reappraisal subscale in cognitive emotion regulation and decreasing self-injury behavior.

One of the most common signs of aging that effects on health is a chronic pain. There are various methods to improve health such as mindfulness and massage-aromatherapy. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness training and massage-aromatherapy on psychological health of elderly women with chronic pain.

Present study was a Quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. Research population was elderly women with chronic pain referring to clinics of rehabilitation, orthopedic and physiotherapy of west Tehran in 2017. 45 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into three group. Experimental groups trained 8 sessions of 90 minutes by methods of mindfulness and massage-aromatherapy, respectively and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. The research instruments were the questionnaires of perceived stress, geriatric depression, quality of life and perception of pain. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test methods.

The findings showed that both methods of mindfulness training and massage-aromatherapy led to significant decrease the perceived stress and depression of elderly women with chronic pain, but didn’t have a significant effect on their quality of life and perception of pain. Also, there was no significant difference between two methods of mindfulness training and massage-aromatherapy (P<0/05).

The results indicated the effectiveness of mindfulness training and massage-aromatherapy on perceived stress and depression of elderly women with chronic pain. Therefore, these methods can be used along with other methods to improve some characteristics associated with psychological health.

Increasing the consumption of fast foods among adolescents is one of the challenges for planners and policymakers in the public health field. Identifying behavioral patterns and using appropriate interventions is a way to influence and change these patterns. Aiming to understand the status of fast food consumption, this study was conducted between secondary school students of Yasouj city.

This is a formative research that used a sequential mixed-methods approach to collect and analyse the data. To collect the data, in quantitative stage, knowledge, attitude, and behavior (KAB) questionnaire, that utilised in social marketing, has been used. In the qualitative stage focused group discussions have been used. For mixed-analysis in both of quantitative and qualitative stages, respectively, the methods of correlation analysis and qualitative content analysis was done using SPSS 22 and MAXQDA 2018.

In the quantitative stage, in addition to identify demographic, attitude and behavioral characteristics, the relationship between this variables and fast foods consumption has been determined. These findings indicated a significant relationship between gender, knowledge, attitudes, and mother's education and occupation with fast foods consumption. In the qualitative section, five themes and 20 subthemes were emerged. Five main themes included: Barriers and Motivators, the role of parents, the role of the school's authorities, as well as distribution channels.

Through formative research, we can design and implement more effective interventions to health promotion. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and social marketers to change the nutritional patterns of students in in down-stream area.