فصلنامه جامعه، فرهنگ، رسانه
پیاپی 30 (بهار 1398)

This research was conducted with the aim of understanding the structure, content and orientation of Kermanshah earthquake news in the channels of the telegrams of Fars News Agency and IRNA. The statistical population of this study was all the news of the earthquake in the two news agencies at a time between "moment of occurrence" and "two weeks". The results showed that in most of the variables examined, there were significant differences in the structure and content of the content of the two news agencies; that means that the channels of the telegrams of the two news agencies IRNA and FARS, in retrospection of the Kermanshah earthquake news reports, were different in relation to each other; in terms of content, the channel The Fars News Agency's telegram has more to do with the "government as a whole," while the IRNA news agency has specially called the "ministers' function". Despite the significant differences between the research variables, these differences can not be attributed to the political orientations, because each of the reviewed news channels has different policies and policies and covers the specific aspects of the event better and more fully.

The importance of collective memory is such that some collective memories are considered examples of the history of a society. Collective memory is formed by the intersection of three concepts of place, time and collective event, so cities can be a platform for the formation of collective memories. But today, urban spaces are becoming so smaller that the elements that recall collective memories are becoming less and less. In this space, mass media can be a body for the construction and reproduction of collective memories. The role of the Internet in changing collective memories in Tehran, in other words, research questions are: According to Tehran users What changes does the Internet make to the concept of mass memory? Can the display of memories in cyberspace strengthen the dimension of their urban identity? To answer these questions, in-depth interviews were conducted with 28 Tehran students from the University of Tehran using the method of in-depth interviews. , We see an increase in the durability and longevity of collective memories, and of course, for cyberspace interviewees, as a platform for collective memories, it can both strengthen the civic character of the city and reproduce the memory of group and political conflicts. It should be noted that the interviewees strengthened the role of cyberspace in reproducing and constructing memories They knew their city.

Development is a complex concept and many factors are involved. One of these factors is the press. The press, given its characteristics, can play a constructive role in the development of the country. Hence, the purpose of this research is to examine the "development journalism" in the local press of the Kurdistan province, and the main question is how the development of the developmental journalism is in the national and local press. In the theoretical framework of this research, the "Dr. Majid Tehraniyan" votes on development and communication and "highlighting theory" have been used. The results of this study, using quantitative content analysis of the contents of two local publications of Kurdistan province, including the Weekly of Sirvan, and the weekly commentary and daily supplement of the Kurdistan province, were published by Jam-Jam and Iran-715 units of analysis (Development Content) from 96 issues of the journal- It has been noted that attention to a little later development, neglecting the coverage of development news due to the lack of recognition of development journalism, attention to event content to the process, more attention to news styles, high use of justification, lack of attention to The role of the people and their involvement in the development process, the attention of the newspapers to the popularity of news and the news element " Which ", is the result of this study, which indicates that the media is not paying attention to development journalism

The aim of the present study regarding the use of social networks with physical and mental health of citizens in Ardabil. The goal of the application, in terms of descriptive and correlational and the data collection methodology is to survey. The study population consisted of all citizens over 18 years, the number of Ardabil city of 115,000 people. Morgan table was used to determine sample size and the number of samples were obtained from 384 that were selected by multistage cluster sampling. In order to collect the data needed, self-designed questionnaire was used social networks and physical and mental health. SPSS statistical data processing and analysis software has been analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient was used.  The results show that between the use of social networks with physical and mental health there is a significant negative correlation relationship between two variables equal to -0.62 is. Also, between the use of social networks with life skills and sports negative relationship between the use of social networks there is a significant positive correlation with leisure.Using social networks is effective on the mental health of Ardebil citizens. The final result of the analysis of hypotheses shows that the highest correlation among the variable of the studied subject is related to the relation between the use of social networks and sport.

One of the most significant cinematic  theories in the field of cinematic elements and aesthetics which  has earned a huge admiration and attention, by introducing concepts like cinematic grammar and syntax, is Stefan Scharff's Cinesthetics.It seems that this Theory is not comprehensive in the case of all types and genres of motion picture industry,because of the extreme application of some precise mathematic-like methods which neglect the excesses of a movie as a Whole(Gestalt).The main question is why some kind of movies that did not matcu with  Scharff's criteria are popular among even cinema's elite audiences?  The Authors have tried in this paper by applying a semiological/etymological analysis of "aesthetic" term to highlight the point that even though they are agreed with the supporters of  Sharff's methodology in  the case of  the impact and efficiency of Sharff's lessons on cinematic elites, the inadequacy of this formalistic/constructivist  methodology in film analysis and Sharff'sCinesthetics  definition of a large amount of motion pictures or cinematic products  is not negligible. The authors infer to  the sensual  perception and lived experience as the basis   of aesthetic. Therefore    in regards to  realistic"spectator-centric" opinions, the paper introduce cinematic ideas of cinematic    phenomenologists like Alan Casebier and Vivien Sobchack  as an alternative  of Sharff's or any  pure constructivist view in the case of Cult movies studies, movies which have biased  fans or followers  -and created on the basis of personal experiences or subcultural ideologies of cult followers and  is  not  related to harmony ,classic beauty and forms or structures .

This research is focusing on understanding counter-hegemonic themes in Persian-Iranian rap (one of the most active and fanoriented Iranian music genre). Also, this research has tried to introduce “music as resistance” theoretical field and improve it. For this aim, conceptual framework of Persian-Iranian rap, music as resistance and hegemony/counter-hegemony have been constructed. Moreover, themes have been discovered in works of four outstanding rappers (Yas, Hichkas, Hamid Sefat and Reza Pishro); totally, 141 music of these rappers have been analyzed by thematic analysis. Results show that Persian-Iranian Rap has been focused on social-cultural themes in compared with political and economic ones. Also, ideological and ritualistic aspects of religion are highlighted in this specific genre. Presenting extreme image of social subjects; using extreme nationalism and racist themes; highlighting social conflicts, economical differences and focusing on poverty, having expensive lives and inefficient officials are some other results. Moreover, results show “Iranian-Persian Rap as Resistance” has low effect on audiences.

Finally, it is also an important right in a free society to be freely allowed tocontribute to society’s well-being. However, if that is to occur, it must be possiblefor society’s state of affairs to become known to everyone, and it must bepossible for everyone to speak his mind freely about it. Where this is lacking,liberty is not worth its name. /…/These words were written by Peter Forsskål, born in 1732 in Helsinki, Finland,which at that time was part of the Kingdom of Sweden. He was a philosopher,theologian, botanist and orientalist, as well as one of Carl Linnaeus’ disciples.Forsskål wrote these words in 1759 in the last paragraph of 21 in his publicationThoughts on Civil Liberty.Another of the most challenging statements in Thoughts on Civil Libertyis paragraph 9, where Forsskål states that the only alternative to violence isfreedom of the printed word.§ 9/…/ Freedom of the written word develops knowledge most highly, removesall harmful statutes, restrains the injustices of all officials, and is the Government’ssurest defence in a free state. Because it makes the people in love withsuch a mode of government /…/ A wise government will rather let the peopleexpress their discontent with pens than with other guns, which enlightens onthe one hand, appeases and prevents uprising and disorder on the other.