Journal of Community Health Research
Volume:8 Issue: 4, Oct-Dec 2019

The creation of various risks followed by financial and human life losses has globally doubled the need for paying attention to education in order to promote the preparedness in higher order documents. With regard to disasters, the importance of education has been emphasized repeatedly in the operational program of Hyogo (2005-2015) (1) and Sendai framework (2015-2030) (2) by reducing the disaster risks and creating the resilience in line with the consistent development. In this realm, schools play a major role in educating the generations that can exert a significant effect on increasing disaster-resilience in the course of time (3). Schools, as educational places, host many students annually and students spend most of their time in schools. Schools can serve not only as educational sites, but also as emergency lodgings for people in emergency cases (4). However, some schools cannot be used for this purpose since they damage the building constructs   leading to lack of resilience in disasters. On the other hand, many students get injured or die annually due to the natural disasters or man-made events. For instance, the earthquake and tsunami in Japan (2011) damaged 6000 schools and killed 607 people (575 students and 24 teachers) (5) and the earthquake of Bohol in the Philippines (2013) also damaged 604 primary schools and 92 high schools (6). These are examples of school damages while safety, preparedness, and school resilience against disasters can be enhanced by implementing and supervising the standards of constructs and infrastructures. Furthermore, developing the performance process in schools along with increasing sensitivity and attention can be helpful in this area (7).Thus, schools can be safe places for students and suitable shelters and lodgings for harboring disaster survivors. It should also be noted that disaster-resilient schools could increase the community preparedness for responding properly at the time of disasters and events through educational programs in the field of risk perception and preventive measures (8). Therefore, development of an instrument for measuring the resilience level is a challenging issue, which is considered as a serious problem for researchers in their studies on disasters. Consequently, it is mandatory to develop a local and suitable instrument for measuring the components that affect school resilience in disasters and introduce it to the interested parties

oral as the mirror of body could have a vital role in general health. According to aging of Iranian population, having knowledge about prevalence of systemic disease of geriatric population could be helpful in selection of correct approach in community health. The purpose of this study was to determine Prevalence of medical condition and relation to oral soft tissue lesions of geriatric in Yazd.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, all of the nursing homes in Yazd, were Studied. Of 327 residents, 267 person older than 65 years old who could and want to cooperate with examiner, entranced to the study. Demographic data, systemic disease, drugs, oral habits like smoking, drinking alcohol and denture use were extracted. Qualified elderly were examined for oral soft tissue lesions. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17 and chi square
test. p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The most prevalence of systemic disease of the geriatric population were gastrointestinal disease (67%), Psychiatric disorders (54.3%), cardiovascular diseases (41.9%) and metabolic disease (15.7%) respectively. There was a significant relation between psychiatric disease and oral soft tissue lesions.(p=0.007).

According to attained results, Prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions were higher in the elderly with neuropsychiatric disorders.

Blood pressure among youth is associated with increased risk of future cardiovascular disease occurrence. The studies done on hypertension prevalence among young population are still insufficient. The purpose of this study was to determine undiagnosed hypertension, based on the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC7) on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure updated guidelines among the apparently healthy young group of Iranian population.

In this cross-sectional study, 901 volunteers, without previous hypertension history, in the age group of 18-24 years old (body mass index< 40 kg/m2) were assessed in Ardabil city from September 2016 to March 2008.They were apparently healthy youth and reported that their body weight had been stable for at least the last 3 months. Blood pressure was measured by standardized protocols based on American Heart Association guidelines, and the final value was obtained using the mean of the two careful readings of office blood pressure monitoring. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0. One-way analysis of variance was applied to determine the differences among hypertension groups, and p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

The mean of age, weight and body mass index was 19.48±1.64 (years), 60.54±11.45 (kg) and 21.39±3.17 (kg/m2), respectively. According to the JNC7 updated guidelines (2017), 17.4% subjects fell into elevated blood pressure whereas 2.1% and 1.7% into stage I and II hypertension category, respectively. Males were significantly more likely to have elevated blood pressure and stage I and stage II hypertension than females (p<0.001).

According to the JNC7 updated guidelines, there is a significant prevalence of undiagnosed elevated blood pressure and hypertension (21.1%) among Iranian youth population. These results emphasize the need for careful monitoring of the blood pressure even among apparently healthy young adults.

Genetically Modified (GM) food is a point of debate in the world. There have been few relevant studies in Iran, so this study aimed to predict the consumption of genetically modified oil by the staff of health centers based on the planned behavior theory.

In this cross-sectional study, 105 staff members of health care centers of Yazd in Iran completed a researcher-made questionnaire in 2017. The questionnaire validity and reliability were verified. The data were analyzed via SPSS 11.5, by Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression model. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and at the number below 0.05 regarded as significant.

Attitudes and subjective norms had the strongest positive, significant correlations with consuming genetically modified oil (r=0.619, r=0.526, p<0.01) respectively. Predictors of consuming intent for genetically modified oil showed that 43.2% of the variance of intention was determined by the attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.

Since the attitude was identified as the strongest predictor of consuming intention of genetically modified (GM) oil, studying the factors influencing the attitude toward GM food in different social levels of Iran is recommend. The results provide important evidence for supporting the use of this theory in predictions of food-related consumption behaviors, especially in the area of new food products

Research results show that unmanaged use of virtual networks is the cause of differences between couples. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the mediating role of attitudes toward betrayal and marital conflicts in the relationship between the use of virtual social networks and emotional divorce in married teachers in Mashhad.

The research method was descriptive-correlational and the society included married teachers in seven areas of education in Mashhad city in the academic year of 2017-2018. 375 teachers were selected by quota sampling method and completed questionnaires on social networks, emotional divorce, attitudes toward betrayal and marital conflicts. Data were analyzed using path analysis using Maximum Field Definition (ML). The structural equation modeling was used to analyze data using AMOS software version 25.

Based on the findings, the mediating role of attitude toward betrayal was not significant for predicting emotional divorce based on the use of virtual social networks (β = 0.06).The role of conflicting intermediaries is significant for predicting emotional divorce based on the use of virtual social networks. Accordingly, the role of the mediating meanings of marital conflicts along with the non-perceptible role of attitudes toward betrayal, based on the use of virtual social networks, predicts a total of 20% of the variance of emotional divorce. If the direct role of using virtual social networks in predicting emotional divorce along with the role of intermediate variables is considered, 66% of the variance of emotional divorce is predictable. Fit indicators showed the optimal fitness of the model with the collected data. (P <0.05)

The results of this study showed that increasing the use of virtual networks with increasing conflicts increases the incidence of emotional divorce in couples.

Sport activity leads to metabolic and physiological adaptations, which may have a beneficial role for diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of low volume and high volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum leptin and some of the lipid profiles of type 2 diabetic men.

In this randomized clinical trial, 30 males with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into three groups of 10, including low volume and high volume HIIT and control groups. The low volume groups underwent intensive training for up to two minutes and a high volume group up to six minutes for 8 weeks. Blood lipid profile indicators were measured before and 48 hours after the last exercise session. By using SPSS version 25, the paired t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA and LSD as a post hoc test were used to analyze the data. For all analysis α=0.05 was considered as the level of statistical significance.

There was a significant difference before and after 8 weeks of low-volume HIIT training at triglyceride (p = 0.049). However, there was no significant difference in serum leptin, cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C in men with type 2 diabetes (p>0.05). ANCOVA only found a differences between groups on BMI (F2, 26 = 3.61, p = 0.041). Also, the post hoc in two by two comparisons of HDL showed that there was a significant difference between high volume HIIT and control groups (p = 0.021) and low volume and control group (p = 0.011). The HDL-C levels in HIIT training groups increased significantly compared to controls.

Considering other proven adaptations of HIIT training on triglyceride, HDL and improving glycemic indexes is a useful and safe training for type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, needing a very short time for this training, metabolic, functional and physiological adaptations of HIIT training, along with other exercises are recommended to improve the condition and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and complications of type 2 diabetes.

An unhealthy breakfast and the consumption of low-value meals among students are associated with adverse health consequences and chronic diseases in adulthood. The main purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of preparing healthy breakfast and snacks for school children by mothers in the city of Islamshahr.

320 boys and girls were selected by cluster random sampling and their mothers were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected using the researcher-made questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, questions were related to knowledge, attitude, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and behavior. The reliability was assessed through the test-retest method, and in order to assess internal consistency, Chronbach’s alpha coefficient was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software, and Descriptive statistics (Percent & Frequency), Multiple regression and Kendall’s tau-b correlation tests were used.

Based on the findings of this study, none of the demographic characteristics had a significant correlation with the behavior of the mother's healthy breakfast and meal (p>0.05) and among variables, knowledge (p<0.001, B=0.40) and perceived barriers (p<0.001, B=0.33) were strong and positive predictors of preparing breakfast and healthy snacks by mothers. Knowledge and perceived barriers predict %28 of variance in mothers’ behavior in preparing breakfast and healthy snacks (p<0.001, R= 0.527, R2=0.278).

It is better to put more emphasis on the strategies to promote the knowledge of mothers and reduce their perceived barriers in designing nutritional interventions aiming to prepare breakfast and healthy snacks for children.

Recently, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is one of the most common causes of mortality all around the world. Achieving the high Quality of Life (QOL) is considered to be important for these patients. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to investigate the quality of life among patients with CVD in Tabriz Province.

This study was conducted in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. In this study, 180 patients were selected using convenience sampling method. World Health Organizations QOL-brief (WHOQOL-BREF) modified questionnaire was used for data collection. Questionnaire was consisted of 26 questions about different aspects of patients’ QOL. Descriptive statistics analysis including frequency, percentage and mean ± standard deviation was used to analyses the data. Independent samples T-test and One Way ANOVA was also used for data analysis by SPSS.16. P-value less than 5% was considered as statistically significant.

Most participants (about 80%) were in the age group of 50-69. Among the participants, about 30% of the participants were satisfied with their health status and only 12% expressed that they can afford their needs. Less than half of the participants stated that they are satisfied with their ability in running their daily affairs. Mean (SD) score of QOL among the participants was 81.37 (11.88), with a minimum and maximum of 52 and 105, respectively.  There was statistically significant relationship between age, place of residence, education and income with QOL (p<0.05).QOL

The results showed that QOL is low in patients with CVD in Iran. Therefore, further studies are needed on the above-mentioned factors in order to plan for improving the QOL in these patients.