Future of Medical Education Journal
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Dec 2019

Background Optimum learning environments (LEs) have been shown to be linked with positive training outcomes for residents. The internal medicine residency programme is one of the oldest residency programmes in Sudan. However, there is little data concerning how the residents perceive the LE in training hospitals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the residents’ perceptions of the LE. Methods This cross-sectional was carried out between November 2017 and April 2018, using a Postgraduate Hospital Educational Measurement (PHEEM) questionnaire to measure the residents’ perceptions of the LE. Questionnaires were distributed to 200 residents. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 25, Student’s t-test, and ANOVA. Results In total, 181 residents returned the questionnaires; of these, 104 (57.4%) were male, and 77 (42.6%) were female. The global mean PHEEM score was 72.4 ± 31.5 out of 160, illustrating significant problems in the LE of the internal medicine residency programme. Six items had mean scores below 2 and, therefore, required more attention. These included: having a contract of employment that provides information about hours of work (1.3 ± 1.4), existence of an informative inductive programme (1.4 ± 1.4), having an informative training manual (1.2 ± 1.3), trainers setting expectations (1.8 ± 1.5), having protected educational time in the unit (1.9 ± 1.3), and having good supervision at all times (1.9 ± 1.3). Conclusion Significant challenges in the LE of the teaching hospitals were identified. More attention and effort should be given, especially to the poorly rated points in this study.

Advancement in science and technology is one of the axioms of the general policies stated by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Along with the Development and Innovation Program in Medical Education, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, as one of the country’s higher education institutions in healthcare, has identified its peculiar potentials for the position of scientific authority in the 9th macro-region.

This descriptive study built on the scientific hegemony model to collect data. The scientific activity of the faculty members was determined based on the number of published articles, citations received, and the faculties’ H-index. Subsequently, the faculty members of Birjand University of Medical Sciences with an H-index of 10 or higher in their respective specialty were compared with their counterparts on both national and macro-regional scales in terms of the H-index. The source of data extraction was the Ministry of Health scientometrics system available on the website isid.research.ac.ir.

At the macroregional level, Birjand University of Medical Sciences has attained the highest H-index in the five specialties of clinical toxicology, infectious diseases, molecular medicine, epidemiology, and parasitology. On the national scale, the university ranks among the 8 to 9-percent top universities in the fields of clinical toxicology and poisoning, infectious diseases, and molecular medicine.

In Birjand University of Medical Sciences, there is potential to assume scientific authority in clinical toxicology and poisoning, infectious diseases, and molecular medicine at the person level. The potential avails at the institutional level in case of support from officials. Given the less than ten years of tenure of the faculties and the currently desirable recruitment policies, the university is capable of turning into a scientific pole in one or more of these specialties in case the scientific staff are empowered further and organized into teams.

Higher education plays a key role in helping students achieve civility, however uncivil behaviors are growing.The aim of this study was to assess and compare the educators and students perceptions of  frequency and importance of the incivility of nursing students.

In this descriptive comparative study,178 nursing students were selected by a stratified random sampling . By purposive sampling,Sixty-seven educators of the Lorestan University of Medical Sciences were participated. Data were collected using Incivility in Nursing Education-Revised Survey. All analyses were carried out using SPSS, version 20 and descriptive statistics and chi-square test and variance analysis.

 Educators and students, disagreed on the frequency and importance of some  uncivil behaviors.The uncivil behaviors most experienced  by educators were: “expressing disinterest about course content”( %73), and “ arriving late for class”(%69. 9). According to students, the uncivil behaviors most experienced were: “ expressing disinterest about course content”(%78.6), and “ using a media device in class (%70. 2).Also,from the perspectives of educators and students, the maximum mean score belonged to“ physical violence ”(3.9±0.53, 3.84±0.58),“ property damage”( 3.87±0.49 , 3.83±0.59),and “ physical threats or harm to others”( 3.87±0.58 , 3.83±0.59) items, which indicated the high importance of these items. In contrast, the lowest mean score belonged to“ demanding make-up exams, extensions”( 2.19±1.07,1.99±1.08), and “being distant and cold toward others” items( 2.33±0.9,2.41±1.02).

Given the similarities and differences between the views of educators and students on the importance and frequency of uncivil behaviors, the necessity of designing strategies tot increasing their awareness of civilization, rooting out the causes of such behaviors, or considering the topic in undergraduate nursing  curriculum are felt.

Military medicine is one of the important orders of military systems that takes responsibility for providing health services to the military forces. Military physicians need knowledge and skills required for their role. In today's world, different countries have designed and developed certain activities and curricula for military medical education at general and professional levels. The present research was carried out to design a curriculum for doctoral degree in General Medicine with military medicine approach.

This study is a combinational research. In the qualitative section, the content analysis of global experience was used to develop a need-assessment questionnaire and in the quantitative section, survey method and Delphi need-assessment technique were used. The samples of the present research in the qualitative part were the countries of America and Russia and in the quantitative part consisted of 35 experienced professionals in 2 Military Medical University

According to the findings, 30 theoretical-practical courses have been added to the existing courses in General Medicine in doctoral degree and also the special curricula of military medicine were added to each of the available courses.

Addition of 30 special courses of Military Medicine and changes in any of the courses available and also the addition of special military topics can play very important role in training the special physicians for military environments.

Today, government agencies, including medical universities, are facing a changing environment that needs to take advantage of new approaches such as entrepreneurship and organizational agility to maintain or enhance competitive advantage. Therefore, this study was designed to identify the factors affecting entrepreneurship and agility of organizations that have a great impact on sustainability in today's changing and competitive environment of organizations.

The present study is a qualitative study that was done in two stages of reviewing literature and expert opinion survey by Delphi method. In the first step, the variables affecting agility and organizational entrepreneurship were extracted by reviewing related literature. The variables extracted were then finalized by Delphi method and after reaching the consensus of experts. Based on the findings of the study, 8 dimensions for organizational agility questionnaire and 6 dimensions for entrepreneurship questionnaire were identified. For organizational agility, 27 components and 39 components for entrepreneurship were obtained.

The results showed that there are many different factors affecting entrepreneurship and agility of the organization, including factors affecting organizational agility, flexibility, organizational culture, human capital, organizational agility, change management, information and communication technology. Also, factors affecting entrepreneurship include human factors, entrepreneurship culture, motivational factors, accelerating variables, information technologies, and rehabilitation variables.

It seems that, considering the need for current organizations to benefit from the move towards entrepreneurial management and agility, managers will pay particular attention to the effective dimensions of this management style identified in the present study, providing resources, facilities, and equipment needed to achieve these dimensions can help to continually improving the organization.

In the last decade literature, inquiries and reports into the short comings in health services have highlighted the vital role of leadership in clinical practice and the impact on patient care and effective workplace culture. Given the important role of nurses as the largest therapeutic group in health systems, the question is how nurses acquire clinical leadership abilities? and what is the situation in our country?This study has reviewed related literature.

In this review paper, the databases such as Science Direct, ProQuest, PubMed and Scopus databases, Emerald and Google Scholar search engine and also the Scientific Information Database and Magiran databases for Iranian articles searched for valid English and Persian articles from 2008 to 2018 using keywords combination of keywords such as “nurses leadership competency” in 2019. After reviewing the papers24 relevant cases were selected.

In the first phase, 136 articles were selected and after careful examination, 24 papers were approved at the final stage, it was found that education and leadership development is the most important factor for gaining managerial competencies for nurses. Also, the status of teaching leadership skills for nursing in Iran has a weak position. Because there are no plans for leadership skills training either in the educational curriculum or after graduation.

 It is imperative nursing managers and planners need to revise the current curriculum incorporate leadership training. Also, in the post-graduation period in continuing education, the courses of applied management and leadership should be identified and trained according to the real problems of country's health systems.

One of the necessities of doctor of medicine (M.D.) curriculum is educating seven competencies, including personal development competency, which helps students acquire and use effective abilities in their personal and professional life, including self-knowledge, psychology of change, strategic and management principles, and informatics. Given the importance of this type of competency in performing professional roles by graduates, this study aimed to analyze the M.D. learning environment regarding attention to education personal development competency.

This qualitative case study was performed in research environment of Mashhad School of Medicine and included 34 M.D. students, six faculty members (M.D. course), three medical education experts, four department managers, and two heads of university, selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected after 15 semi-structured interviews, two focus group discussions (FGD) and four observations, and review if documents. Notably, the process continued to reach data saturation. Moreover, the data obtained was managed in MAXQDA-10 software, and data analysis was performed by qualitative content analysis method based on Graneheim & Lundman’s six-stage model.

The collected data were summarized in sematic units and turned into 33 sub-themes by forming, comparing and systematically classifying 302 primary codes. Undervaluing personal development competency in some M.D. levels, eliminating competency-related courses in the current curriculum, excessive thickening of the curriculum with theoretical content, lack of a specific model for fostering competency, lack of using new technologies, improper content and strategies, cultural-social gap, environmental limitations, inefficient evaluation and the art of turning knowledge into practice were among the most important sub-themes obtained in the study. In the end, five themes (paradoxes of curriculum, learning experiences, balance in distribution, authentic evaluation and professors’ ability) were extracted in response to research questions.

According to the results, the learning environment of school of medicine had unfavorable condition for education personal development competency. Therefore, our findings can be used to design proper learning environments to nurture this competency.

Various factors have been found to affect the medicine study and academic performance of medical students, among which the socioeconomic factors seem to have a major role in applicants’ success when they enter medical schools. The purpose of this study was to investigate the socioeconomic status of medical students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and to compare it with those of surgical technology, occupational health, and environmental health students.

Data regarding demographic characteristics, parental education, occupation, income, number of siblings, marital status, and schooling of students were collected by using a questionnaire. Moreover, some data were checked with Students’ Electronic Database of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

Medical students have better socioeconomic status than other students (p=0.029). Specifically, they have more educated parents (p≤0.05) with more professional jobs (p<0.039), have fewer siblings (p=0.006) and encounter less economic challenges (p<0.0001). In addition, during their high school education, medical students attended more fee-paying schools than state schools (p<0.0001).

There are obvious socioeconomic differences between medical students and other students in this study. To decrease the inequalities in medical schools, it is important to address socioeconomic issues when considering potential applicants for medical education.