نشریه پژوهش در توانبخشی ورزشی
پیاپی 13 (بهار و تابستان 1398)

Pes planus can affect dynamic stability during walking, but there is little information about the effect of pes planus on dynamic stability in these patients, so the aim of this study was to assess the effect of fatigue on dynamic stability in patients with pes planus.

10 subjects with pes planus and 10 healthy subjects participated in this study. Data were collected by vicon motion anlaysis system with 4 cameras and 2 kistler forceplates. Fatigue protocol including 12 minutes of running performed and dynamic stability and spatio-temporal data were recorded before and after protocol. Dependent and independent t-test were used to analyze data at the set point of 0.05. Result; vertical excursion of centre of mass (COM) was significantly greater in pes planus compared to healthy group (p=0.01). After exhusting protocol, frontal excursion of centre of mass (COM) and step width was significantly greater in pes planus (p=0.03).

Fatigue reduces the dynamic stability of subjects with flat feet, which is associated with increased vertical and lateral displacement of the center of mass and increased step width. After exhaustion, subjects with flat feet are unstable on frontal plan these movements may increase the risk of injury, so these movements should be performed with greater caution.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ankle brace on the time to stabilization (TTS) and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) in healthy female college athlete with or without fatigue.

Nineteen female active college athletes volunteered to participate in this quasi-experimental study. VGRF and TTS were evaluated by foot pressure system during landing with and without brace before and after fatigue.

The results showed that the use of brace had no effect on TTS with and without fatigue (P <0.05). According to the results brace reduces first peak VGRF (P = 0.01), (P = 0.04) and the second peak VGRF (P = 0.004), (P = 0.032), before and after fatigue, respectively, compared to the control condition in the forefoot. Also, the use of brace increased the rate of first peak VGRF (P = 0.009), (P = 0.02), increase of second peak VGRF(P = 0.025), (P = 0.002), decrease in time to first peak VGRF(P = 0.007), (P = 0.018) and decrease in time to second peak VGRF(P = 0.026), (P = 0.01), respectively, before and after fatigue in the back foot.

According to the results of present study it is concluded that brace were not affected on the TTS, increase the peak VGRF and reduce the time to the VGRF on the back foot. So the use of ankle bracing with the aim of influencing these factors and reduce the risk of injuries associated with them is not recommended.

Knowledge from various training effect on the proprioception can be useful in the design of training and injury prevention program. The purpose of this study was to compare of immediate and long-term effect of forward and backward running training on knee joint position sense.

30 male college athletes participated in this study and divided accidentally into two forward and backward runninggroups. Knee joint position sense was measured by photography and angle analysis using Adobe Acrobat software in both open and closed kinetic chain before, after a session and after four weeks of running on treadmill.

The average of absolute repositioning error decreased significantly in the closed kinetic chain immediately after forward running training (p=0.035, ES=1.24) and in this respect, there was a significant difference between the two groups (p=0/047); but, there was no significant difference between the two groups in open kinetic chain (p=0.592). Also, after four weeks training, average of absolute repositioning error decreases significantly only in the closed kinetic chain and in backward running subjects (p=0.025, ES=1.34); but there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0/305).

Forward running training has the positive immediate effect on the knee joint position sense than backward running, but in the long-term there was no significant difference between the two trainings. However, significant effect of backward running and very large of effect sizes showed the desirable effectiveness of this training than forward running.

Today students stay in a specific static positions during studying. These positions, because of their repetition during a day, will have effect on spinal column. The object of this study is to compare the amount of neck pain under different studying position in male and female student.

This study is a descriptive study. In this study 1017 student (506 male, 511 female) from 5 universities in Tehran in same field and degree, was selected and studied. Also 50 male and 50 female nonstudents were studied as the control group. For quantifying the intensity of pain in people with neck pain, the VAS scale and for the statistical analysis, the ANOVA, Cramer's Phi and coefficient of variation was used.

Generally, the results of this study confirmed that intensity of neck pain has affected by different studying position in both male and female student (for female P-value= 0.003 & for male P-value= 0.001). For male students the maximum and minimum VAS scale ordinary was seen in position number 8 and 6, and for female students the maximum and minimum VAS scale ordinary was seen in position number 11 and 6.

Wrong habits such as inappropriate studying positions in long term will cause weak musculoskeletal patterns that lead to some pains such as neck pain as one of the most common skeletal pain.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of water exercises with and without weight vest on balance indices in middle-aged women with balance deficiency.The present study is a quasi experimental study, which is performed on 26 middle-aged women with available sampling method, which are randomly divided into two groups: water exercises with weight training vest and weightless water training group.The Balance Sheet of Biodex was used to evaluate the balance.After the end of 6 weeks of training, all pre-test steps were repeated in the post-test. To analyzing Data, using Shapirowilk and independent T-test and combined analysis of variance and at the significance level of 0.05.The De Cochain method was used to examine the effect size of the exercises.The results of statistical test of combined variance analysis showed that in both groups with and without weightless vest, the static and dynamic balance of subjects in the post-test improved compared to the pre-test(P≤0.05).Also,the effect of more vest training on non-vest exercises was observed on all the static and dynamic balance indices of subjects.As yet Most researches has used water exercises to improve balance in various societies, including the elderly, and has been less focused on the middle-aged community.Implementing combined water exercises along with weightless vest can well cover balance factors and improve the balance of middle-aged people. Therefore, in order to prevent disturbance in the balance caused by age,it is recommended to take advantage of the benefits of water exercises with weight vest in middle age.

Exercise as a specific form of physical activity arrow could have a significant impacts on development’s process of body posture. The aim of this study was the investigation of musculoskeletal disorder(kyphosis, lordosis, and Forward Head) between table tennis players and normal range of Iranian non-athlete subjects .

In this study 30 table tennis players were selected (mean age, height and weight of 19/86 ± 2/74, 170/8 ± 3/33, and 68/2 ± 3/3 respectively). their Lumbar Lordosis, thoracic kyphosis were measured by flexible ruler and forward head was measured by photogrammetry and image camera.

Results showed that The mean degree of forward head (48/2 ± 5/6) and kyphosis (43/92 ± 4/44) in table tennis players were significantly greater than non-athletes persons and mean degree of Lumbar Lordosis (27/6 ± 6/73) in table tennis players was smaller.

It can be concluded that posing specific postures during the table tennis increases forward head posture and kyphosis as well as decreased Lumbar Lordosis among table tennis players. Therefore, stretching and strengthening exercises are recommended to prevent and correction athletes from developing these abnormalities.

the high incidence re-injury of ligament reconstituted is one of the complex post-operative problems. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neuromuscular training on hip and core strength and jump-landing mechanics in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Twenty-four athletes with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were selected randomly and accessibility, and divided into experimental and control groups. Before and after the protocol of neuromuscular training (8 weeks, 3 sessions per week) from both groups, the isometric strength of hip, core muscles endurance and jump-landing mechanics were assessed using isokinetic dynamometer, McGill’s core stability tests and jump-landing error scoring system. Data were analyzed paired sample t-test and repeated measures anova significant level (P <0.05).

The results of intra group changes in the experimental group showed that there was a significant improvement in isometric muscles strength, core endurance, and jump-landing error score in post-test compared to pre-test (P <0.05) that these changes control group was not significant. Also, there was a significant difference between groups in both experimental and control groups in all variables (P <0.05).

Based on these results, it can be concluded that the proximal parts of the knee have a significant effect on the motor control strategies.

Stiffness is one of the mechanical characteristic of human body structures that plays an important role in biomechanics of sport movements and can affect the risk of injury. the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the joint stiffness and risk of injury during landing.

In the current study, 20 male physical education students participated voluntarily. They performed vertical hopping tests in three styles, bilateral, unilateral on dominant leg and unilateral on non-dominant leg, with three strategies, preferred and control and the maximal to determine the stiffness of the lower extremity and performed one-leg landing to determine the selected biomechanical variables related to the risk of injury. The relationship between lower extremity stiffness and selected biomechanical variables in landing was determined by Pearson correlation test with significance level of 0.05.

Among the ankle and knee stiffness variables during hopping tests with different strategies (control, preferential and maximal), ankle stiffness during preferential and maximal unilateral hopping tests showed significant and positive relationship with the peak of vertical ground reaction force and the rate of loading, and ankle stiffness During control bilateral hopping tests showed a significant and negative relationship with the mechanical absorbed energy (p <0.05).

According to the results, it can be argued that the high ankle joint stiffness increases the risk of bony injuries such as knee osteoarthritis and stress fractures, while low ankle joint stiffness

Bicycling is an activity for increasing the physical fitness of people. Cardiac and rehabilitation specialists prescribing this activity as an alternative treatment method. Many researches were done in the fields of biomechanics and ergonomics of cycling to reach the goals including improve techniques, reduce energy expenditure, and also reduce injury risk. The aim of this study was to compare the electrical activity of erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and rectus femoris muscles and also the cyclist performance in six different bicycle ergonomic positions before and after performing a fatigue protocol.

Six professional female cyclist participated in this study. They have some experiences in national and Asian competitions. Six different ergonomic settings were considered consist of two handlebars and three saddle height settings. Electrical activity of three selected muscles and also the pedaling angular velocity were recorded before and after performing a fatigue protocol on a cycle ergometer.

The effect of fatigue on electrical activity of muscles were differed significantly in different bicycle ergonomic positions. Besides, the angular velocity of pedaling or cyclist performance showed significant difference in these six ergonomic positions.

Ergonomic settings of bicycle including handlebars and saddle settings are important for reducing the muscles fatigue and increasing the cyclist performance. According to the results of this research, the position for the best performance is setting the saddle height upper the reference point, that is equal to lower extremities length, and setting the handlebars parallel to the ground.

The sport specificities and repetitive patterns can affect musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study was to investigate and comparison of postural disorders and sport injuries in Kata and Kumite style karate athletes.

38 elite (20 Kumite, 18 kata) formed the research subjects. The flat foot was measured with Staheli index, and Caliper, universal goniometer and flexible ruler were used for assessing knee abnormalities, Q-angle and spinal curvatures respectively. The rate of injuries were recorded in data collection forms. Independent t-test was used to compare the postural variables between groups and chi-square was used to compare the injury rates.

Independent t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the amount of Staheli foot index (P = 0.00) in kumite and kata groups. However, between the kyphosis (P=0.53), lumbar lordosis (P=0.06), Q angle (P=0.54), the distance between the inner thigh condyles (P=0.86) and the distance between the inner ankle malleolus (P=0.78) There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). The highest incidence of lesions was also observed in lower limb (58.4%).

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that karate exercise can affect athletes's posture due to the type of special training and the pattern of repetitive movements. The results showed that prolonged karate training increased the prevalence of flat foot and hip Q angle in the Kata group and increased lumbar lordosis in the Kumite group and lower extremity had the highest injury rate.

Shoulder functionality is crucial in firefighting activities. In this study, we examined the effects of an 8-week NASM exercise program on limitation of shoulder functionality.

We administered the shoulder mobility functional test on all firefighters lived in Isfahan, and randomly selected 17 volunteers with functional limitations. Then, we administered four functional tests (Y balance, Shoulder raise, Apley’s scratch, and Shoulder circumduction) as the criteria. After 8 weeks, we repeated the criteria tests and then we started their exercise program based on NASM approach. The exercise program consisted of 8 weeks of3-session training per week. We repeated the criteria tests at the end of exercise program. We analyzed the data by one-way ANOVA and set the significance level at 0.05.

Out of 524 active firefighters, 210 (%40) had limitations in shoulder functionality. There was no significant change in none of four criteria tests at the end of 8 weeks of detraining (P ≥ 0.05 , d ≤ 0.03). Whilst, there was a significant change in each of four criteria tests at the end of 8 weeks of training (P ≤ 0.05 , d ≥ 0.04).

Descriptive statistics showed a remarkable percentage of firefighters had functional limitations in shoulder. Inferential statistics supported the use of exercise training based on NASM approach to treat shoulder limitations. In general, our findings suggest the use of NASM guidelines in designing exercise training to recover shoulder functionality.